The main rhetorical techniques are: metaphor, personification, prose, couplet, hyperbole, quotation, rhetorical question, interrogation, intertextuality, generalization, antithesis, repetition, topical truth, comparison and so on.
1. Simile:
According to the similarity of things, the concrete, superficial and familiar things are used to illustrate the abstract, profound and rusty things, i.e., to make a comparison.
Function: it can make the content of the expression vivid and concrete image, give a person a sharp and deep impression, use the shallow and common things to explain the esoteric and unfamiliar things, help a person to y understand.
Three types of metaphors: explicit, implicit and borrowed:
Category Feature Ontology Metaphor Metaphor Example
Explicit Metaphors A is like B appears like, like, as if, such as, as if, as if, as if, as if appears The little girl seems to be like a flower
Implicit Metaphors A is like B appears to be, to be appearing The scenery is so thick and emerald that it is like a painting of green mountains and green water
Implicit Metaphors A is like B appears to be, becomes appearing The scenery is simply a painting of green mountains and green water. /p>
Borrowed Metaphors A is in place of B does not appear No appears The ground shoots up countless arrows, and thousands of waterfalls fall from the roofs of the houses.
2. Anthropomorphism:
Writing things as if they were human beings, giving them the words, deeds or thoughts and feelings of human beings, and describing things with words that describe human beings.
Role: the beasts and birds and insects, flowers and trees or other inanimate things as people write, so that the specific things personified, language vivid image.
such as: peach tree, apricot tree, pear tree, you do not let me, I do not let you, are full of flowers to catch up.
3. Exaggeration:
The nature of things, features, etc. deliberately exaggerated or reduced.
Role: hint at the nature of things, set the mood, strengthen the rendering power, cause associative effect.
Category Characteristics Examples
Expansion Exaggeration exaggerates the shape, nature, characteristics, function and extent of something The asphalt road melted, and even the bronze plaques in front of the stores seemed to melt
Diminution Exaggeration reduces the image, nature, characteristics, function and extent of something, and you can only see a piece of the world in a big place
Superiority Exaggeration
4. Prologue:
Arranging sentences or components with the same or similar structure, the same tone, and related meanings.
Function: to enhance the language atmosphere, strengthen the effect of expression.
E.g.
E.g.
Their qualities are so pure and noble, their wills are so tough and strong, their temperament is so simple and humble, and their bosom is so beautiful and broad.
5. Pair
A pair of phrases or sentences with equal number of words, the same structural form, and symmetrical meaning, expressing two relative or similar meanings.
Role: neat and well-proportioned, strong sense of rhythm, highly generalized, easy to remember, musical beauty.
E.g.
E.g.
E.g.
For example, "Cross your brow and bend your head to be a child's ox".
6. Repeated
In order to emphasize a certain meaning, to express some kind of feelings, there is a sound to repeat a word sentence.
Types of repetition: continuous repetition and interval repetition, continuous repetition without other words in the middle of the interval. There are other words in the middle of the interval repetition.
E.g.
E.g.
For example: the valley echoes, he has just left, he has just left. (Continuous repetition)
It seems as if the loss of the three provinces, the party state is more and more like a country, and the loss of the three eastern provinces does not ring a bell for anyone, the party state is more and more like a country. （
7. Questioning:
In order to get someone's attention, one deliberately asks a question and then answers it.
Role: to remind people to think, some in order to highlight certain content.
such as: why is the flower so red? There is its material basis in the first place.
8. Rhetorical question:
No doubt no question, with the question form to express the certainty of the meaning, with the affirmative form of rhetorical question table negative, with the negative form of rhetorical question table affirmative.
E.g. What about me, am I not to blame?
9. Citation
Citation of ready-made words to improve the language expression, divided into direct quotation and indirect quotation of two kinds.
Such as: "Modesty makes progress, pride makes backwardness", we should remember this truth.
10. Borrowing
Replacing the thing to be expressed with the related thing.
Types of borrowing: characteristics instead of things, concrete instead of abstract, part instead of the whole, the whole instead of part.
E.g.
E.g.
Not to take a single needle or thread from the masses.
Sir, give cash money, Yuan Shikai, can't you?
11. Antithesis
The use of words or sentences contrary to the intended meaning to express the intended meaning, in order to say the opposite way to strengthen the expression of the effect. Some are sarcastic and revealing, while others express close and friendly feelings.
E.g.: (Qing students) also have dissolved the braid, coiled flat, except for the cap, the oil can be seen, just like a little girl's hair bun, but also to twist the neck a few times, it is really standard.
12Contrast
Contrast is two different things or two aspects of the same thing, put together to compare each other a rhetoric.
For example:
There is a man who lives, who is dead; there is a man who dies, who is still alive. (Zang Kejia, "Some People")
To use comparison, one must have a deep understanding of the contradictory nature of the thing to be expressed. The two things contrasted or the two aspects of the same thing should have a relationship of mutual antagonism, otherwise they cannot constitute a contrast.