Chiyou's corner touch is a kind of unarmed combat, including giving, hitting, throwing, touching and taking. It can be used not only in the battlefield, but also in the usual practice, which has a certain influence on the development of antagonistic events in later generations.
Entering the class society, with the development of productive forces and the improvement of weapons, Wushu has also entered a new stage of development.
During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, due to the development of bronze industry, excellent weapons such as spears, daggers, halberds, axes, cymbals, knives and swords appeared, as well as the methods of using these instruments such as chopping, stabbing, stabbing and chopping, and there were competitions to compete for martial arts.
At that time, Wushu was often called "hand-beating", "hand-style" and "thigh-arm". According to historical records, Jie and Wu Yi are all technical experts in catching wild animals with their bare hands.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were disputes among governors and wars were very frequent. Martial arts fighting has been attached importance to and developed rapidly in the army and the people. At this time, the appearance of ironware and the rise of cavalry make the content of weapons richer, not only with excellent quality, but also with various lengths and shapes, which further highlights the offensive and defensive nature of martial arts.
At the same time, the fitness function of Wushu has also been paid attention to. At this time, Wushu competitions have become very common, paying great attention to offensive and defensive skills, and there have also been attacks, defenses, counterattacks, feints and so on.
At that time, the vassal States "took war as their service" and attached great importance to those who were outstanding in boxing, arm strength and physique. Guan Zhong, the prime minister of Qi State, reformed the military system in order to make Qi State strong, and ordered the officers and men to carry out actual martial arts training. Anyone who is brave in boxing and fails to report it is considered guilty of hiding his talent. Every spring and autumn, Qi holds a nationwide "gladiator" to select heroes with high martial arts to enrich the army.
Because the troops are dispatched, the Qi army is like a bird, the troops are moved like lightning, and the troops are sent like a storm. No one dares to stop before, and no one dares to harm afterwards. "Into No Man's Land" Zhao Xun Kuang (also known as Gou Zi) witnessed the Qi people's worship of martial arts. After returning home, he and Zhao talked about the reasons why Qi was strong, saying, "Qi people fought and attacked." Jane books were very popular in wuyue at that time.
In ancient times, there was a famous female fencer named "Yue Nv" in Vietnam. She is not only outstanding in fencing, but also has a set of martial arts theories. According to "Wu Yue Chun Qiu", "The method of fighting by hand is the spirit inside the table and the security outside. I look like a good woman when I look at it, but I look like a tiger when I take it away.
Cloth is waiting for the weather, and it is with God ... one person should be a hundred people, and a hundred people should be ten thousand people. "As early as more than 2,000 years ago, China had a relatively mature theory of attack and defense, and Jing put forward the idea of integrating inside and outside, with both form and spirit.
We all know the historical event of the "Hongmen Banquet" during the Chu-Han War, and there is a famous allusion-Xiangzhuang Sword Dance, which is intended to pay tribute to the public. It can be seen that Wushu at that time has gradually developed from a simple attack and defense action in the past to a routine form that can be practiced alone.
The Han Dynasty is a period of great development of Wushu, and routine sports such as sword dance, sword dance and double halberd dance often appear at court banquets, such as solo dance, duet or group dance. The unarmed boxing performances and competitions are also highly valued by the rulers. Ban Gu, a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, recorded in Hanshu that Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty was a fan of "border drama", saying that he "liked both refined and popular tastes, so he could observe the border and shoot martial arts".
Wu Zhi personnel in the Han Dynasty were also selected through "trial lifting" (boxing assessment). Gan Yanshou, a famous soldier in the later Han Dynasty, was elected as the "Qimen" military post by "trying to abandon".
In addition to practical skills such as "self-defense to kill the enemy" and "winning the offensive and defensive", there were also ornamental and fitness pictographic dances such as monkey dance, dog fighting dance and drunken dance, as well as "Six Birds Play" and "Five Birds Play" in the Han Dynasty. These can be regarded as early pictographic boxing wood. During this period, martial arts works also increased significantly.
There are 38 articles on kendo and 6 articles on handball in Han Art Literature and History alone, all of which are monographs on the ways of attack and defense.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, due to the development and prosperity of feudal society and economy, compared with the stagnation in the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, Wushu can be said to be re-emerging. In the Tang Dynasty, the martial arts system was implemented, and excellent martial arts talents were selected through examinations, which promoted the folk and official martial arts training activities from the policy.
Shaolin Temple was famous for its martial arts in the Sui Dynasty. During the Wude period of Tang Dynasty (6 18-626), the government allowed it to set up its own camp and cultivate monks and soldiers, which made it even more famous.
At one time, there were more than 2,000 monks, and the wind of practicing martial arts gradually flourished. It is said that the thick Zen master of Shaolin Temple is "quick in punching and high in martial arts" and can "lead thousands of troops and collapse the wall". Li Yuanji, the fourth son of Li Yuan, the founding emperor of the Tang Dynasty, was a warrior and a general who led the army independently, while Li Shimin, the second son of Li Yuan, "married into a Shandong hero" and raised more than 800 "warriors" in Qin Gong.
Among them, Weichi Gong, Cheng, and other famous historical figures in The Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties are all outstanding military commanders.
At that time, the sword was gradually replaced by the sword in the military, but it was still very popular among the people. Not only martial artists practice, but also literati are proud of their swords. Both Tao Libai and Du Fu studied fencing when they were young.
During the Song Dynasty, there were frequent internal and external troubles, and the general public often formed associations to practice martial arts in order to protect themselves. For example, "Jiaojiao Club", "Shadow Club" and "Bow Club" are all relatively large folk martial arts organizations. At this time, Wushu pays more attention to the military practicality in rural and remote areas; In the streets and alleys of the city, more attention is paid to routines.
In Yuan Dynasty, due to the sharp ethnic contradictions, Mongolian rulers restricted folk Wushu, many martial artists remained anonymous, and Wushu organizations also turned into secret folk organizations, which greatly inhibited the development of Wushu.
The Ming Dynasty is an era of all-round development of China Wushu. There are many schools of boxing, with different styles and schools. Only Qi Jiguang, a famous anti-Japanese fighter, recorded in his new book "Song Taizu's 32-potential long fist, bunt, 72-line fist, 36-in-1 lock, Shandong Li Banri's leg, eagle claw king's take, thousand falls, Zhang Bojing's fight ... * * Sixteen kinds of fists.
The great development of Wushu in Ming Dynasty is inseparable from Ming Taizu's thought of attaching importance to the all-round development of Wushu. He advocated that "military officers learn etiquette, and literati learn riding and shooting." In this way, in the Ming Dynasty, there were not only more boxing methods, but also more colorful equipment routines, and they also began to have powerful methods and boxing scores.
This shows that Wushu, which was born out of military fighting technology, has gradually formed a routine-based sports form in the Ming Dynasty, and far exceeded the development of antagonistic sports.
During the reign of the Qing Dynasty, the martial arts activities in the Qing Dynasty were not as good as those in the Ming Dynasty because Manchu nobles restricted martial arts in order to maintain their dominance. However, due to the broad mass base of Wushu among the people, and the existence of many anti-Qing organizations at that time, the folk practiced Wushu in an attempt to overthrow the Manchu rule, which made the martial arts schools in the world more colorful.
There are southern schools and northern schools in the region, Shaolin and Wutangmen in the mountains and rivers, external skills of Buddhism and internal skills of Taoism in the religion, and Taiji Gate, Xingyimen, Baguamen, Jimimen, Changquan Class and Bentu Class in the categories.
Extended data:
China Wushu:
China Wushu, based on the traditional culture of China, is a technique to stop fighting. It is a technology to eliminate armistice and maintain peace; It is the guarantee and guidance of material civilization, leading practitioners to enter the traditional enlightenment way of understanding the objective laws of man, nature and society.
Go to the martial arts to gain enlightenment and level the world; Chinese martial arts enter Zhejiang, and both body and mind are safe; Use martial arts to prevent infringement
It has a long history, dating back to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. It has an extremely broad mass base and is a valuable cultural heritage accumulated and enriched by the working people in China in the long-term social practice. It is one of the outstanding cultural heritages of China people.
Preventing intrusion is a highly self-protective technology. On the basis of solving safety problems, training our minds to adapt to changes is simple and easy, which can easily improve people's psychological quality and physical quality, self-defense, Excellence, happiness and accommodation.
Baidu Encyclopedia-China Wushu History