Women always think about how to take care of their families' health first, but seldom make health check-up plans for themselves.
In addition to their self-sacrifice spirit, a large part of the reason is the confusion of health examination.
Even healthy women need regular check-ups, and with the increase of age, the items to be checked will gradually increase. Maybe many people go to see a gynecologist every year, but they never want to have a cholesterol test or a bone mineral density test. For some diseases, early detection and prevention, and early onset are helpful for treatment.
Please note that the following 10 test is the most important test you should do.
1, bone mineral density examination
Objective: To check whether you have osteoporosis. According to the survey of the National Osteoporosis Foundation, there are nearly100000 elderly people in the United States, 80% of whom are women.
Time: 6-7 years after menopause, women will lose up to 30% of their bones. If you weigh less than 57 kg after menopause, or have a history of smoking before, or have a non-traumatic fracture in adulthood, or have a family history, you must have a bone mineral density examination.
Methods: DXA is the most accurate bone mineral density examination, and it is also very safe. When you are lying in a hospital bed with clothes on, the rays will not sweep your spine, hips and wrists. If your bone density is very low, the doctor will advise you to have a urine test to test the rate of bone loss. Make an appointment for a physical examination every year.
2. Clinical breast examination and mammography
Objective: When examining the breast, both of them can detect whether there is breast cancer. 97% of women who pass this examination will not relapse for at least 5 years.
Time: You should have a physical examination at the age of 20. During routine examination, the doctor should check your breasts by hand. When you are 40 years old, you should have a mammogram every year. The best time for X-ray examination is when the breasts are hardest after menstruation.
Methods: Mammography is a routine X-ray examination. If you have had a mammogram before and now you are doing it with new equipment, be sure to ask the doctor to compare your previous photos with your current photos.
3. Colon examination
Objective: To check the colon before symptoms appear, so as to prevent colon cancer. In the early stage of colon cancer, 90% can be treated.
Time: The doctor suggested the first colonoscopy at the age of 50. If your family has had colon cancer or colon polyps before the age of 50, your risk is higher. You should have a checkup at least every five years. If you don't find any problems during the examination and have no family history, you can have an examination every 10 years.
Mode: Colonoscopy is a very standard diagnostic examination. Doctors use colonoscopy-a tool with a small camera to check whether there are polyps or other growth in your intestines.
4. Listening test
Objective: To see if you have some degree of deafness. If so, take measures to prevent the situation from getting worse.
Time: If you have difficulty listening to others, or your ears are always buzzing, or your family has a history of deafness, then you must go to the hospital for a hearing test. Otosclerosis and hereditary diseases can lead to abnormal growth of middle ear bone, which is more obvious in women than in men, especially in pregnant women and women aged 15-30.
Mode: When audiologists or otolaryngologists ask you to listen to sounds, they will make you wear headphones to check your ability to distinguish different tones.
5, comprehensive eye examination
Objective: If you want to know whether you have any eye diseases, such as visual transition, cataract or cyanosis, you must have a comprehensive eye examination. The cure rate of glaucoma is very high. The vision loss caused by glaucoma is not difficult to cure if it is found early and treated properly.
Time: Even if you have good eyesight, you should have a basic eye examination at the age of 65, and then do it every two years until you are 65. Check once a year after the age of 65. If you have a family history of cyanosis, or other risk factors, you must be examined before the age of 40. If you wear contact lenses, you should have them checked once a year.
Methods: The ophthalmologist will check the intraocular pressure. Elevated intraocular pressure may be a sign of glaucoma. Check the optic nerve to see if there is a brain tumor; Check the cornea and iris to see if there is any problem; Look at the lens to determine whether you have cataracts; Check for macular degeneration-degeneration of retinal cells.
6. Dental examination
Objective: According to the American Dental Association, the purpose of this examination is to prevent oral cancer (one of the six most common cancers among American adults), prevent gum disease and treat dental caries.
Time: tooth cleaning and examination should start half a year after the appearance of milk chisel, and then once every six months. If you are pregnant or take birth control pills, you are more likely to get gingivitis. Smokers or people who drink more than 1-2 times a day are at greater risk of gum disease and oral cancer.
Methods: The dentist will carefully check the soft and hard tissues of your teeth, tongue, mouth, neck and chin to see if there are any abnormal changes in oral tissues.
7. Heart health examination
Objective: To ensure that you are not at risk of heart disease-this is the number one killer of women's health. 64% of women died of a sudden heart attack without warning.
Time: 20 years old, having a heart examination every year. This test is especially important if your family has a history of hypertension and congenital heart disease, if you are over 45 years old, if you are overweight, and if you smoke.
Mode: The doctor will check your blood pressure and listen to your heartbeat. If you have chest pain, shortness of breath and fatigue, the doctor will refer you to a cardiologist for blood pressure test and electrocardiogram examination to help determine whether your heart is healthy and whether you will suffer from heart disease in the future.
8, blood lipid analysis
Objective: One of the most effective ways to prevent heart disease is to check the cholesterol level. Elevated cholesterol levels not only increase the risk of heart disease or stroke, but also increase strength. Risk of gallbladder disease.
Time: It is best to start this examination at the age of 20. If the test results are normal, then check at least once every five years until you are 45 years old. If you have a family history of heart disease, if your cholesterol level is higher than 200, then you need to do a blood lipid analysis once a year.
Methods: A comprehensive lipoprotein analysis will detect the total cholesterol level and triglyceride in your blood. If you are at risk of heart disease, your doctor may check your apolipoprotein B(apOB) level.
9. Collective inspection
Objective: Skin cancer can be found as early as possible. Melanoma is a fatal malignant tumor. The incidence of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, the second most common cancers, is very high among women in their thirties, but if found early, the possibility of cure is close to 100%.
Time: 30 years old, to start the annual skin examination. If you are at high risk, if you already have basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, if you have a family history of skin cancer, if you have a lot of lumps, if you have freckles, then you should check it twice in the next year.
Methods: Dermatologists will examine your body, including the skin between scalp, ears and toes, and check freckles, lumps and skin growth. The doctor will examine any large or abnormal lump, and even scan the digital image, which can provide close-up images of the lump for future comparison.
10, cervical smear examination
Objective: This is a real method for early detection of cervical cancer, so as to treat it effectively in time. In the past 50 years, the death rate of this disease has dropped by 74%, which is mainly due to cervical smear examination.
Time: You should start this examination at least when you are 2 1 year old. If you have multiple nipples and have malignant human papillomavirus, you should have an examination every other year. If you smoke or have multiple sexual partners, or you were young when you first had sex, or you have sexually transmitted diseases, you should have a Pap smear every year. If you are over 30 years old, please ask a doctor to do a human papillomavirus test for you.
Methods: Pap smear of cervix-Take a small amount of cells from your cervix and send them to the laboratory to detect any abnormal symptoms. Ask the doctor whether to use Berber's ultra-thin paper smear, which uses a brush to take samples and store cells in a liquid. This examination is more effective than the traditional cervical smear examination.
Other special inspections
diabetes
People who need to be examined: obese people, people with high cholesterol, people with high blood pressure, people who often feel thirsty, people who urinate frequently, people who are prone to fatigue, people who often have blurred vision or people with family history of diabetes.
Effect of the test: The doctor will give you a blood test after you have an empty stomach to test your blood glucose level.
How often: once a year, if your first test results are normal.
Thyroid problem
Everyone needs it: people with a family history of thyroid abnormalities, or people who suddenly feel tired, gain weight (or lose weight) or depressed.
Effect of the test: Blood test will check the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Female. Low fruit level is likely to indicate hyperthyroidism. If the level is high, it implies that thyroid function is insufficient.
How often: Every five years, or as directed by a doctor.
ovarian cancer
People who need to be examined: people with family history of ovarian cancer or pelvic pain.
The effect of the examination: vaginal ultrasound examination, implanting a bar-shaped ultrasound scanner in the vagina to find out whether there are tumors or cysts in the ovary.