Hongtoushan copper-zinc mine is located about 50 kilometers east of Fushun City, Liaoning Province, with geographical coordinates of east longitude12431'~12433' and north latitude of 42 0 1'~ 42 02'. There are Shen-Ji Expressway, National Highway 202 and Shenyang-Ji (Lin) Railway connected to the urban area, and the traffic is very convenient.
The Hongtoushan copper-zinc mine field scientific observation and research base built by Liaoning Nonferrous Geology Bureau10/team consists of an indoor exploration technology exhibition hall, a core library and a demonstration field for prospecting and exploration.
The indoor exploration technology exhibition hall is located in Gebu New Village, Fushun City, in the courtyard of Liaoning Nonferrous Geology Bureau10/team base, with an exhibition area of about 200m2. The exhibition hall consists of 1 1 plate, including key exploration technologies and typical exploration cases of geology, aeromagnetism, geophysical exploration, geochemical exploration and blind drilling. It comprehensively shows the regional geology, aeromagnetism, strata and structural minerals of Hongtoushan mining area, and collects a series of samples of main ores and surrounding rocks in Hongtoushan mining area. Make exhibition boards to comprehensively display the regional geological characteristics, aeromagnetic characteristics, geophysical and geochemical characteristics, deposit geology and ore body characteristics and key technologies of prospecting and exploration in Hongtoushan area. The exhibition hall is rich in exhibition content, integrating knowledge, professionalism and popular science. It is an ideal place to enhance the scientific and technological innovation ability of geological exploration technology and comprehensively understand the exploration history and achievements of Hongtoushan area.
The exhibition room of bureau history, team history and geology is located in the exhibition hall of Liaoning Nonferrous Construction Bureau in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, which comprehensively reflects the development course and important achievements of Liaoning Nonferrous Geology Bureau and team.
The core bank is located in Liaoning Nonferrous Geology Bureau 10 1 team, covering an area of about 1000m2 and storing nearly 50000m of various cores.
The prospecting demonstration site is located in Hongtoushan copper-zinc mining area, Fushun City, Liaoning Province. Important observation sections and boreholes are marked, which can be used as standard sections for exploration technology research, observation and interpretation.
The research base is located in Fushun City, Liaoning Province, an old industrial base in Northeast China. The transportation of the base is convenient. National Highway 202, Ji Shen Railway and Ji Shen Expressway all pass through the south of the area. The scientific research base is established on the basis of Liaoning Nonferrous Geology Bureau 10 1 team. There are two office buildings, with a construction area of about 5000m2. There are geological prospecting institutes, surveying and mapping teams, engineering survey companies, engineering survey companies and other units, which have the functions of office, exhibition, popular science propaganda and meetings.
The construction of the field base can be summarized as "an indoor exhibition hall, a core library and a demonstration site for prospecting and exploration."
(1) Exhibition Hall
The exhibition hall mainly reflects the geological survey, aeromagnetic, geophysical and geochemical characteristics, mineral resources distribution and main exploration techniques in Fushun City, Liaoning Province. It shows the process of regional geological survey, mineral exploration and technical demonstration in Hongtoushan area by means of sand table, words, charts, specimens and objects, and shows a number of important achievements, ore and rock specimens, so as to introduce general geological exploration knowledge to the public and understand geoscience knowledge.
The exhibition hall of Fushun Hongtoushan Scientific Research Base was built in the office building of Liaoning Nonferrous Geology Bureau10/team, Fushun City, Liaoning Province. Its architectural layout is relatively independent, with a building area of about 200m2. There are 1 1 plates in the exhibition hall, which comprehensively show the strata, structure, deposit characteristics, aeromagnetic characteristics, geochemical anomaly characteristics, geophysical transient electromagnetic method, controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric survey, self-electricity and so on in Hongtoushan mining area. A series of specimens, such as main ores and surrounding rocks in Hongtoushan mining area, as well as geophysical exploration equipment and instruments, were collected. The geological characteristics, aeromagnetic characteristics, geophysical and geochemical characteristics and mineral characteristics of Hongtoushan area and mining area are comprehensively displayed by using exhibition boards.
The exhibition hall is rich in content, integrating knowledge, professionalism, popular science and education. It is an ideal scientific and technological place to enhance the innovation ability of geological science and technology and expand public participation.
The exhibition hall is mainly composed of the following five parts: first, the project introduction, introducing the exploration history, mine status and project source of Hongtoushan copper-zinc mine; The second is the display of regional metallogenic geological conditions, aeromagnetic characteristics, geochemical anomalies, mine geology and deposit characteristics in Fushun area, Liaoning Province; The third is the application of typical exploration technology and the display of results; The fourth is the display of typical rocks, ores and specimens; The fifth is the display of physical data.
(1) Project Description: Introduce the geographical location, deposit types, resource reserves, main exploration work and main achievements of Hongtoushan copper mine; Introduce the subject source, main work content, research purpose and significance.
(2) Regional metallogenic geological conditions: strata, granite-greenstone distribution, magmatic rock sequence and distribution, structural framework of Fushun area, distribution of main minerals such as copper and gold in Fushun area.
(3) Geology of the mining area and characteristics of the deposit: strata, lithology, typical geological profile, main ore-bearing strata of the deposit, structural forms of ore bodies and metamorphism and deformation in Hongtoushan area.
(4) Characteristics of aeromagnetic anomaly: aeromagnetic anomaly map of Hongtoushan area in Fushun, magnetic susceptibility distribution curves of various rocks in Hongtoushan area, and δ T plane contour map of ground magnetic method of Hongtoushan deposit.
(5) Geochemical anomaly characteristics: comprehensive anomaly map of drainage sediments in Hongtoushan area of Fushun, comprehensive anomaly map of soil geochemical elements in Hongtoushan area of Qingyuan, and abnormal map of soil copper in Hongtoushan mining area.
(6) Application research and demonstration of key technologies of blind drilling: typical cases of application demonstration of transient electromagnetic method (TEM), controlled source audio magnetotelluric method (CSAMT), self-electricity, induced polarization, geophysical logging technology and key exploration technology.
(7) Physical geological data: typical ores, rock specimens, exploration equipment and documents. Sand table model of Hongtoushan mining area, typical rock samples of Hongtoushan mining area, previous geophysical instruments, traditional prospecting tools, introduction of exploration history, publicity and popular science atlas of Hongtoushan mining area.
(8) Conclusion: The exploration history of Hongtoushan deposit is reviewed, and the great achievements made by the application of new exploration technology in the deep prospecting of Hongtoushan copper-zinc mine are summarized. It is established that deep prospecting exploration in Hongtoushan area should focus on high-power geophysical prospecting and electromagnetic method, strengthen comprehensive research, constantly sum up metallogenic regularity, study ore-controlling structural changes, and rely on new technologies and methods. Establish a deep exploration model combining geology, geophysical exploration and geochemical exploration.
(2) Professional technical equipment
Various exploration technologies and equipment are complete, equipped with advanced geological exploration equipment and instruments, and geophysical exploration and testing equipment has reached the international advanced level. The main geophysical prospecting equipment includes: GDP32 multi-channel, high-power and multi-method electrical prospecting instrument produced by Zongge Company in the United States, which can detect eight parameters such as resistivity, excitation potential, complex resistivity, controllable source audio magnetotelluric, frequency domain electromagnetic, harmonic controllable source audio magnetotelluric, transient electromagnetic and nano transient electromagnetic. In addition, there is a domestic SD-2B transient electromagnetic instrument, a WDZJ- 1 high-density resistivity measuring system, a WDJD-2 multifunctional digital DC IP instrument, a DZ-2 power rectifier, three DJS-8 receivers, a DJF1KLOC-0/0KW high-power transmitter. Have basic scientific instruments and equipment to carry out field research and indoor research.
(3) Route and route design
Base exhibition hall (in Liaoning Nonferrous Geology Bureau 10 1 team base)-Hongtoushan copper-zinc mine-13 line section-Hongtoushan shaft-Xiaoxibao typical section.
(d) Typical phenomena on the ground
According to the preliminary exploration data in the mining area, a detailed field investigation was conducted in the mining area. The Hongtoushan 13, 27, 40, 56 and 60 lines were selected as the typical geological, geophysical and geochemical exploration test sections to study the exploration technology and geological observation of Hongtoushan, and the starting and ending positions were determined, and ZK56-2, ZK56-3 and ZK60-/KLOC-0 were determined.
1. Selection and distribution of field observation points in mining areas
Focusing on the application and demonstration research of blind exploration technology, a field investigation was carried out in Hongtoushan mining area. In Hongtoushan mining area and its surrounding areas, technical observation points of geophysical methods were set up, and three typical geophysical profiles of Xiaoxibao Line 27, Line 40 and Line 56 were selected to establish the starting and ending marks of field observation profiles.
2. Typical contour
(1) strata profile of hongtoushan mining area 13 line: the measured geological profile of 13 line shows that the strata controlled by the mining area are the most complete, complete and representative, passing through the middle of hongtoushan deposit and running through the north and south.
According to the color, layer thickness, composition, structure and lithologic combination characteristics of rocks, they are divided into 7 lithologic sections. Each section is deposited continuously, with a total thickness of > > 1040.45m, and the order from top to bottom is: Jiguanla layer, Yangwangbizi layer, dairy farm layer, powder magazine layer, lower amphibole layer, thin interbedded zone and upper amphibole layer.
Jiguan belt: dominated by biotite plagioclase gneiss, including siliceous biotite plagioclase gneiss, garnet biotite plagioclase gneiss, biotite granulite, graphite cross siliceous biotite plagioclase gneiss, amphibole and garnet amphibole. This layer is 200 meters thick, with unstable lithology and certain phase change, mostly thin. At the same time, sillimanite minerals are mostly hair-like and needle-like aggregates, and this layer is generally migmatized.
Yangwangbizi layer: mainly composed of amphibole gneiss and amphibole, including amphibole, garnet amphibole, garnet biotite amphibole gneiss, biotite amphibole gneiss, amphibole granulite, iron-bearing amphibole quartzite and siliceous biotite amphibole gneiss. Layer thickness 150m.
Dairy farm layer: mainly composed of biotite garnet diorite gneiss, including garnet biotite plagioclase gneiss, amphibole plagioclase gneiss, biotite plagioclase gneiss, etc. It is 200-300m thick, with stable lithology and long strike. Generally speaking, biotite plagioclase gneiss has universal mineralization, especially in its bottom layer. The mineralization types are pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and sphalerite. The grade of copper is high, reaching above 0.5% ~ 1%. There is a pyritization zone with a length of 200 ~ 300 m and corresponding copper mineralization in the upper part of this layer, but its mineralization is unstable.
Powder magazine: it is mainly composed of biotite plagioclase gneiss with a thickness of 400 ~ 450 m, and is sandwiched with thin layers of biotite plagioclase gneiss, siliceous biotite plagioclase gneiss, garnet biotite plagioclase gneiss and amphibole plagioclase gneiss, with stable lithology and well-developed bedding, and only thin layers of mica gneiss are found locally, among biotite plagioclase gneiss and amphibole plagioclase gneiss.
Lower amphibole layer: amphibole, amphibole, biotite amphibole gneiss, biotite amphibole gneiss, magnetite garnet amphibole, hypersthene amphibole and garnet amphibole gneiss. The thickness is 250 mm.
Thin interbedded zone: this layer is mainly composed of biotite plagioclase gneiss and siliceous biotite plagioclase gneiss, with a thickness of 50 ~ 150m, with thin layers of biotite plagioclase gneiss, amphibole plagioclase gneiss, albite and diorite biotite plagioclase gneiss, etc. And the thickness of these rocks is not big, generally 5 ~ 20m, and the thinnest is only 60m. Siliceous biotite plagioclase gneiss and garnet biotite plagioclase gneiss have the best ore-bearing properties, which often directly control the lithology of ore-bearing strata. Several main industrial copper-zinc ore bodies in Hongtoushan deposit are located at the lower limit of this layer. At the same time, sillimanite biotite plagioclase gneiss is often the direct industrial ore body of disseminated ore. The biotite plagioclase gneiss is rich in silicon, magnesium and aluminum, and also contains many other accessory minerals, such as rutile, kyanite and staurolite. The migmatization of this layer is not strong, mostly medium, and it is bedding injection strip with felsic stripes. The lithology of this layer is unstable, with obvious phase change in strike and no obvious trend.
Upper amphibole layer: mainly amphibole gneiss, with biotite amphibole and magnetite quartzite. The layer thickness is 70m, and the lithology is extremely stable.
(2) Section 56 of exploration line in Hongtoushan copper-zinc mining area: located in Xiaoxibao District of Hongtoushan. In order to verify the main profile of controlled source audio magnetotelluric sounding, the working degree of this profile is relatively high. Controlled by four boreholes, the anomaly is anatomically verified, which completely reflects the geological conditions from the surface down to 1300m, and comprehensively reflects the anomaly, stratum, lithology, alteration, mineralization and ore body, which can be seen at a glance. This time, the field markers have been established for the start and end points of the 56-line section and the drilling holes. The establishment of typical profiles provides a basis for the research and application demonstration of exploration techniques and methods.