1.？ Water environment control
In aquaculture, the water environment is the decisive factor to determine the aquaculture effect, and it needs to be paid attention to by farmers from the early site selection to the mid-term management. First of all, farmers should choose clean waters far away from factories or residential areas and use equipment for water quality testing. After confirming that they meet the requirements of aquaculture, they should consolidate the water body, such as stretching the protective net in the process of aquaculture to prevent aquatic products from escaping, planting some aquatic plants in the aquaculture waters appropriately and increasing the oxygen content in the water. In the later stage of aquaculture, water quality should be monitored regularly, such as temperature change and water level change, which are all important contents in water environment management.
2.？ Seed selection
When selecting varieties, we should follow the principle of "adapting to local conditions" and try to choose some local aquatic products, which can improve the adaptability to the environment and play a positive role in improving the survival rate of fry and the rapid growth in the later period. In addition, excellent seedlings can also reduce the occurrence of late diseases, that is, reduce the use of chemicals, which is also in line with the concept of ecological farming. If some new varieties are introduced from other places because of the need of breeding, first, they must be tested by fishery administration stations to prevent foreign fry from carrying pathogens and causing local water pollution; Second, it is required to isolate and breed for a period of time, and then breed in public waters after observing that it will not cause harm to the environment or other aquatic organisms.
3.？ Scientific feeding of feed
In aquaculture, there are also special requirements for feed feeding. In addition to determining the feeding amount according to the number of fry in the waters, we must adhere to the principle of "increasing from small amount to multiple times". Especially for novice breeders, a small amount of feed should be fed first, and then the rest of the feed in the water area (pond) should be observed after a period of time. If there is no surplus, the feeding amount can be appropriately increased at the next feeding. The feeding amount is the best until a small amount of feed is observed in the water area. Scientific feed feeding can reduce the deterioration of water quality and the excessive growth of plankton caused by feed residues in water areas, and ensure the pure and healthy water quality.
4. Standardized use of drugs
In ecological farming, the prevention and control of various diseases is also very important. Aquaculture based on the concept of ecological farming should first effectively prevent common diseases, such as mastering the incidence law of a certain kind of disease and understanding its causes, so as to take effective preventive measures before the outbreak of the disease and avoid the harm caused by the outbreak of the disease by replacing and disinfecting the water body. In addition, for the diseases that have appeared, we should use drugs scientifically according to the guidance of the fishery administration station, use low-toxicity and high-efficiency green drugs, accurately grasp the dosage, and achieve the therapeutic effect in a short time without causing serious damage to the water environment.
5.？ Selection of probiotics
In the process of freshwater aquaculture, there are many beneficial fungi suitable for the growth of freshwater aquaculture varieties, so we should pay attention to the selection of fungi in the process of aquaculture. First of all, we should choose the fungi in natural water. This kind of fungi is not only helpful to the healthy growth of cultivated species, but also an important condition to simulate the ecological environment in which cultivated species grow. Of course, you need to pay attention to the number of fungi. If the amount is too large, it will lead to negative effects. Secondly, it is necessary to put appropriate strains according to the characteristics of cultured varieties, which can promote the better growth of fungi and ensure the healthy growth of aquatic products. Finally, when purchasing seed fungi, we must ensure the standardization of the purchase channels. After certain tests, we can confirm that the seed fungi can achieve good results before they can really be put into use.