What harm does benzene do to human body?

Benzene is a colorless, transparent, aromatic and volatile toxic liquid, which is the product of coal tar distillation or petroleum cracking. Benzene vapor can be volatilized at room temperature, and the higher the temperature, the greater the volatilization. It is generally believed that benzene poisoning is caused by metabolites, which means that benzene must be metabolized before it can endanger life. In professional activities, benzene mainly enters the human body through the respiratory tract in the form of steam. Inhalation of high-concentration benzene vapor for a short time and low-concentration benzene vapor for a long time will cause physical harm to workers. Its liquid can be absorbed and ingested by the skin. Benzene can be metabolized in liver and bone marrow, and bone marrow is the place where red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are formed, so benzene can enter the body and form metabolites with blood toxicity in hematopoietic tissue itself. Long-term exposure to benzene can cause bone marrow and genetic damage, and hemogram examination can find leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, aplastic anemia and even leukemia. The harm of benzene poisoning to the body comes down to three kinds: carcinogenesis, disability and teratogenesis. A large amount of inhalation for a short time can cause acute mild poisoning, accompanied by excitement or drunkenness, and accompanied by symptoms of mucosal irritation. It is characterized by headache, dizziness, nausea, cough, vomiting, chest tightness, excitement and stumbling gait. At this time, if you continue to inhale, it can develop into severe acute poisoning. The patient is confused, his blood pressure drops, his muscles tremble, his breathing is shallow, and his pulse is fast and weak. Timely rescue can restore health in hours or days, but severe cases can also die of respiratory center paralysis, convulsions and circulatory failure. Inhalation of high concentration benzene in a short period of time may cause subacute benzene poisoning, dizziness, headache, fatigue, insomnia, menstrual disorder and other symptoms, as well as aplastic anemia and acute leukemia, characterized by rapid development of anemia, bleeding and infection. Long-term low-concentration exposure can lead to chronic poisoning, and symptoms gradually appear, mainly including blood system and neurasthenia syndrome, which is characterized by leukopenia, platelet and red blood cell reduction, dizziness, headache, memory loss, insomnia and so on. In severe cases, aplastic anemia, even leukemia and death may occur. Skin exposed to benzene will produce dryness, chapping and redness. Occupational acute benzene poisoning is a systemic disease mainly manifested by central nervous system inhibition caused by workers inhaling large doses of benzene vapor in a short period of time during occupational activities. Occupational chronic benzene poisoning refers to a systemic disease with hematopoietic system damage as the main manifestation caused by workers' long-term exposure to benzene vapor in occupational activities. In recent years, occupational benzene poisoning accidents in China mostly occurred in shoemaking, luggage, toys, electronics, printing, furniture and other industries, and were mostly caused by benzene-containing adhesives, natural water, hardened water, detergents, boiling water, paints and so on. Low concentration of benzene in the air can cause benzene poisoning by inhalation through respiratory tract or direct contact with benzene and its mixture through skin. In these industries, other organic solvents can completely replace benzene, so it is the key to prevent benzene poisoning to replace benzene-containing raw materials with benzene-free raw materials. Pingzhou, Nanhai District, Foshan City is one of the regions with the largest number of leather shoes manufacturers. Since 2000, the leaders of Pingzhou, the health supervision department of Nanhai District, have comprehensively promoted the use of benzene-free adhesives in their jurisdictions and achieved good results. The concentration limit of this kind of substance in indoor air, China's Indoor Air Quality and Hygiene Code stipulates that the concentration limit of benzene 1H in the air is 90ug/m3. On-site protection of benzene operation is mainly to strengthen ventilation and personal protection of employees, and workers can wear gas supply gas masks or gas masks. Patients with hematological diseases, liver and kidney diseases and asthma are not suitable for benzene operation.