First, several difficult problems in the safety management of mechanical equipment in construction enterprises
1, heavy construction task and bad working environment. In the process of engineering construction, due to the short construction period and in order to reduce the construction cost, although many projects are faced with a lot of work tasks, the number of construction machinery invested is not large, and only a few machinery and equipment work overtime to complete the construction tasks, which to some extent causes the overload operation of machinery and equipment, and sometimes even works with diseases, which greatly affects the technical performance and service life of machinery and equipment and accelerates the aging of machinery and equipment. On the other hand, it is because most of the engineering construction is in the wild and mountainous areas far away from the urban area. Mud is everywhere in rainy days, and dust and construction dust are everywhere in sunny days. The layout of machines in the work site affects the operation mutually, and it is impossible to keep a safe distance between machines and between machines and fixed buildings. Sometimes the work site is too narrow, the ground is not flat enough, and there are pits, oil stains, scales, scraps and so on. The outdoor operation site lacks necessary rain and snow coverage; There are obstacles or hanging protrusions, and there is no eye-catching sign of protection in the movable range of the machine. A series of problems, such as insufficient lighting at night, ventilation during tunnel construction, temperature and humidity, all exceed the requirements of the working environment of mechanical equipment itself, resulting in a bad working environment of mechanical equipment on the construction site.
2. Frequent scheduling of construction equipment. Due to the scattered distribution of construction projects within the enterprise, there is great uncertainty in the mechanical demand time of each project. The same machinery has not been completed in one project department, and the next project department will start to use it immediately. Uncertain demand for machinery and equipment and lack of plans make a lot of machinery and equipment of the company frequently transported between various project departments, and the equipment and materials management station cannot recall the machinery and equipment that need two guarantees during maintenance to the warehouse maintenance workshop for maintenance.
3. Light maintenance of equipment. Due to the shackles of traditional concepts, many construction workers and site commanders only blindly pursue the construction progress, pay attention to the use of equipment, and ignore its maintenance work. This has caused the possibility that operators have no time to maintain their own mechanical equipment in order to complete the work tasks designated by the construction command. In this way, the daily maintenance of machinery and equipment is neglected, and small faults often occur. When problems need to be repaired, they have to carry out a lot of maintenance work, and in many cases, they have to replace the assembly, which not only wastes a lot of time, but also invisibly increases the maintenance cost of the equipment.
4, personnel quality is not high, less training. The quality of operators of mechanical equipment on the construction site is uneven, and many operators have low education level. In addition, it often happens that they go to work directly without formal training, operate for a period of time, and then reissue an operation certificate. What's more, if an individual operator has something to go, just call someone who has no experience in operating this machine instead. It is also necessary for the construction site to seek the corresponding operators; Many construction sites will randomly call a person who knows a little but has not received professional training (of course, there is no operation certificate) to operate the machinery and equipment, and then get the operation certificate through some channels to cope with the inspection. But the actual training of operators is not enough.
Many operators go to work without formal training, or the training work is not done in time. The three-level safety education before work is too formal, without pertinence and authenticity, and the similarity phenomenon is more serious.
5. Have luck. Equipment that requires testing is not tested, and old equipment is not eliminated. Luck is the root of many mechanical accidents, resulting in many bloody lessons. Look at the news, almost every day there are casualties in engineering accidents, tower cranes collapse, wire ropes break, workers fall into mixers and so on, which have happened more than once. What was the cause of the accident? After the problem occurs, everyone will realize that the operating procedures have not been followed, the equipment is too old, and the control system is out of order ... and the root of all this is luck.
Before things happen, many units always think that spending money on equipment testing is a kind of "input without output" behavior and are unwilling to spend this "wasted money". As long as those relatively old and aging machinery and equipment can still be used, they are unwilling to eliminate them, because doing so will increase their own engineering costs. On the surface, it is true. However, we deeply believe that through its surface, an old equipment has lost its mechanical reliability (reliability refers to the ability of the machine or its components to perform the specified functions without failure within the specified use conditions and service period). Obviously, at this time, the mechanical equipment has exceeded the specified use conditions and deadlines, and it is unpredictable whether the executive function will fail.
Second, the solution
1, correct selection and reasonable allocation.
Any kind of machinery has certain technical requirements because of its own performance, structure and other characteristics. If the machinery can be used reasonably in strict accordance with the regulations, it can give full play to the mechanical efficiency, reduce the mechanical wear, prolong the service life and reduce the use cost. Therefore, when arranging construction and production tasks, it is necessary to adapt the project to the use specifications of mechanical equipment.
2, the correct use, timely maintenance, "maintenance and repair" combination. Mechanical hazards refer to all kinds of physical factors that may cause injuries caused by mechanical energy (kinetic energy and potential energy) of components, parts, tools, workpieces or splashed solid and fluid substances of mechanical equipment and its ancillary facilities, as well as tripping, dumping, falling and other hazards related to mechanical equipment. Therefore, in the process of using mechanical equipment, operators and commanders must use the equipment correctly in accordance with the safety operation procedures of related equipment. At the same time, on the basis of ensuring the correct use of mechanical equipment by mechanical operators and construction site commanders, in order to further prevent the occurrence of mechanical accidents, the management department carries out risk assessment of mechanical equipment while "managing, using, maintaining and repairing".
Mechanical risk assessment refers to a series of logical steps and selection processes that take machinery or mechanical system as the research object, systematically analyze all kinds of dangers, all possible dangerous states and dangerous events that may cause damage or injury to health in dangerous states, and comprehensively evaluate the probability and degree of dangerous events.
The risk assessment of machinery comprehensively considers many factors that may affect the safety performance of machinery, and controls the occurrence of mechanical safety accidents from the root.
Maintenance: In actual operation, the company strictly requires mechanical operators to do daily maintenance work of "three inspections a day" before starting, during operation and after stopping the equipment according to the requirements of standards and specifications, and eliminate problems and hidden dangers in time when found. This not only ensures the safe operation of the equipment in good condition, but also effectively controls the maintenance cost of the equipment.
According to the transportation cycle of the equipment, the computer-aided management is used to control the primary and secondary maintenance of the equipment, and professional mechanical maintenance personnel are required to go to the construction site to carry out maintenance according to the technological process specifications. The company requires on-site mechanical operators to cooperate, supervise and supervise, and professional inspectors to check the quality to ensure the on-site maintenance quality of equipment.
Strictly implement the system of "two packages and one repair" in the workshop where mechanical equipment enters and exits (turns), strengthen the pre-inspection, intermediate inspection and final inspection after completion, and strictly control the quality. Finally, according to the needs of construction and production, qualified equipment will enter the site for use or be kept by the equipment and materials management station.
Standardize the service behavior on the construction site with rules and regulations. In the practice of standardizing on-site service behavior, the company gradually refines and summarizes the "five realizations" of the professional ethics of mechanical equipment practitioners: "body, eyes, hands, heart and feelings". Every machine operator should work hard at his post every day.
With the above guarantee, the performance and working efficiency of mechanical equipment have been greatly improved, which effectively avoids the occurrence of equipment failures, reduces the slowdowns caused by mechanical equipment, and eliminates the backlog of work tasks, thus avoiding the overload and long-term operation and sick work of mechanical equipment.
3, completes the safety inspection of special equipment. Special equipment is a collection of pressure-bearing and manned equipment closely related to personal and property safety and human health. In the production process, it is more potentially dangerous than ordinary production equipment. As special equipment belongs to dangerous equipment, it is easy to cause injuries to the operator himself or others, as well as major property losses such as mechanical equipment and public facilities. In order to ensure its normal operation, regular and patrol inspections must be carried out to avoid mechanical accidents and ensure the safety of production and life.
Special equipment can only be put into use after it has been tested by the technical testing department.
Combined with the actual situation of the company, the company not only establishes corresponding equipment management cards to record the maintenance and testing of special equipment, such as experimental instruments, measuring system instruments, bridge erecting machines, road construction machinery, mixing stations and pressure vessels. At the same time, the safety supervision and dynamic control of equipment (especially important and dangerous equipment) shall be carried out, and the inspection and replacement of equipment shall be completed in advance during the work.
4, personnel training, show certificates. Personnel training includes job skills training and personnel safety education and training. The training and education of personnel should be planned, deployed, inspected, assessed and targeted: first, do a good job in the entry of mechanical operators in construction projects, and ensure that the three-level safety education work is in place before taking up the post; The second is to write the corresponding safety production knowledge and safety operation manual and send it to every operator on site; Third, do a good job in safety training for mechanical equipment management personnel. At the same time, the concept of "safety education and training for all staff" should be established for the safety education and training of relevant personnel.
Operators and maintenance personnel of machinery should be trained not only in safety technology theory, but also in practical operation skills. The key point is to improve the operator's safety operation skills and practical ability to prevent accidents, as well as equipment danger awareness and accident handling ability, so as to effectively control the occurrence of special equipment accidents.
For the use and maintenance of newly purchased machinery and equipment, the company invites technical personnel from equipment manufacturers to give special lectures and train mechanical operators and maintenance personnel at the use site. Operators should meet the requirements of correct operation and safety control before taking up their posts. The qualified rate of mechanical equipment shall be 100%.
5. Eliminate old equipment. With the growth of business years and the increase of the service time of mechanical equipment, the service life of most mechanical equipment is getting shorter and shorter. At this time, it is necessary to introduce new equipment in time and eliminate old equipment, and we must not continue to use it with any luck. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate the following technical standards for the elimination and scrapping of mechanical equipment: ① By the end of the service life of the equipment, the depreciation has been fully paid, and the technical performance has not met the requirements of national regulations and safety operation procedures. ② Due to accidents and other reasons, the main structure and performance of the equipment are seriously damaged, and there is no possibility of repair or the repair cost exceeds 60% of the price of the updated equipment. (3) High energy consumption, low efficiency, serious pollution, poor economic benefits and uneconomical technological transformation. (4) eliminated by the state and relevant departments. ⑤ Self-made non-standard special equipment has no continuous use value.
Machinery and equipment that meet any of the above scrapping conditions should be eliminated without hesitation. Insisting on doing so effectively controlled the occurrence of mechanical accidents.
The safety management of mechanical equipment is a complex and comprehensive subject. In addition to managing, using, maintaining and repairing, leaders must also pay attention to it. The responsibilities among mechanical managers, mechanical operators, maintenance personnel and relevant collaborators at all levels are clear, with rules to follow, well-documented, clear records, manned operation and supervision, clear rewards and punishments, professional management combined with group management, and attention paid to strengthening the safety awareness of maintenance personnel. Only by persevering, constantly grasping, maintaining the sense of hardship in times of peace, and truly "putting prevention first" can we put an end to major mechanical equipment accidents and ensure that mechanical equipment can serve our construction and production safely, with high quality and high efficiency.
For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd