Reference value: normal situation: diacetyl-oxime chromogenic method 1.8 ~ 6.8 mmol/L urease-Nessler chromogenic method 3.2 ~ 6.1mmol/l.
Clinical significance: acute and chronic nephritis, severe pyelonephritis, acute and chronic renal insufficiency caused by various reasons, heart failure, shock, burns, dehydration, massive internal bleeding, adrenal cortex hypofunction, prostatic hypertrophy, chronic urinary tract obstruction, etc.
2. Serum creatinine
Reference value: normal condition: adult male 79.6 ~ 132.6 μ mol/L female 70.7 ~ 106. 1 μ mol/L child 26.5 ~ 62.0 μ mol/L whole blood 88.4 ~159./kloc.
Clinical significance: supplements: renal failure, uremia, heart failure, gigantism, acromegaly, salicylate treatment, etc. Decrease: progressive muscular atrophy, leukemia, anemia, etc.
3, blood urea
Reference value: normal situation: 3.2 ~ 7.0 mmol/L.
Clinical significance: the increase indicates acute and chronic nephritis, severe pyelonephritis, acute and chronic renal insufficiency caused by various reasons, heart failure, shock, burns, dehydration, massive internal bleeding, adrenal cortex dysfunction, prostatic hypertrophy, chronic urinary tract obstruction, etc.
4. Blood uric acid
Reference value: normal situation: adult male 149 ~ 4 17μ mol/L female 89 ~ 357μ mol/L > 60-year-old male 250 ~ 476 μ mol/L female190 ~ 434 μ mol/l.
Clinical significance: Increase: gout, acute and chronic leukemia, multiple myeloma, pernicious anemia, renal failure, liver failure, polycythemia, pregnancy reaction, strenuous activity and postprandial hyperlipidemia.
5, urinary creatinine (Cr)
Reference value: Normal condition: infant 88 ~ 176 μm ol? Kg- 1/d Children 44 ~ 352 μ mol? Adult kg-1/d 7 ~ 8 mmol/d.
Clinical significance: increase: hunger, fever, acute and chronic consumption and other diseases, after strenuous exercise. Decrease: renal failure, muscular atrophy, anemia, leukemia, etc.
6. Urine protein
Reference value: normal situation: qualitative negative
Clinical significance: Normal people excrete about 40 ~ 80 kinds of protein in urine every day, with the upper limit not exceeding 150mg, among which albumin is the main one, followed by glycoprotein and glycopeptide. About 0.60(60%) of these protein come from plasma, and the rest come from secretions and tissue decomposition products of kidney, urinary tract and prostate, including urinary enzymes, hormones, antibodies and their degradation products. Physiological increase: postural proteinuria, exercise proteinuria, fever, emotional excitement, cold and hot climate, etc.
7. Selective proteinuria index
Reference value: normal situation: SPI0.2 indicates poor selectivity.
Clinical significance: when the excretion of macromolecular IgG in urine is small, it means good selectivity. On the contrary, it means poor selectivity.
8.β2- microglobulin clearance test
Reference value: under normal circumstances: 23 ~ 62 μ l/min.
Clinical significance: elevation: renal tubular injury. This test is a reliable index to understand the degree of renal tubular damage, especially helpful to find mild patients.
9, urea clearance rate
Normal reference value: standard clearance value 0.7 ~ 1. 1 ml? s- 1/ 1.73 m2(0.39 ~ 0.63ml？ The maximum removal value of S- 1/m2) is 1.0 ~ 1.6 ml? s- 1/ 1.73 m2(0.58 ~ 0.9 1ml？ s- 1/m2).
The clinical significance is the inulin clearance rate. Correction gap value of children = 1.73/ body surface area of children × actual gap value. The revised formula is: maximum gap value = 1.73/ children's body surface area × actual gap value.
10, endogenous creatinine clearance rate in blood
Reference value: normal situation: adult plasma is generally 0.80 ~ 1.20 ml? Adult male S- 1/m2 urine 0.45 ~ 1.32ml? S- 1/m2 female 0.85 ~ 1.29ml? S- 1/m2 over 50 years old, with an annual decrease of 0.006ml? S- 1/ m2.
Endogenous creatinine clearance rate decreased to 0.5 ~ 0.6 ml? When s-l/m2 (52 ~ 63ml/min/1.73m2), the glomerular filtration function decreases, such as
1 1, urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio (BUN)
Reference value: normal situation: 12: 1 ~ 20: 1.
Clinical significance: Increased renal perfusion (dehydration, hypovolemic shock, congestive heart failure, etc. ), urinary tract obstructive diseases, high protein diet, catabolism, glomerular diseases, glucocorticoid application, etc. Decrease: Acute tubular necrosis.
13, phenol red (sulfanilamide) excretion test (PSP)
Reference value: normal state:15min 0.25 ~ 0.51(0.53) 30min 0.13 ~ 0.24 (0.17) 60min 0.09 ~ 0./kloc-.
Clinical significance: When renal tubular function is impaired by 0.50(50%), the excretion rate of PSP begins to decrease. Decrease: chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, renal angiosclerosis, Fanconi syndrome, heart failure, shock, severe edema, late pregnancy, urinary tract obstruction, bladder dysuria, etc.
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