? From the state of health to the state of mental illness, it can be generally divided into four grades:
? health status
? Bad state
? Psychological barrier
? psychosis
? According to the severity, it can be divided into:
? General psychological problems
? Serious psychological problems
? psychosis
mental health status
? The criteria for distinguishing mental health state from unhealthy state have always been a topic of discussion in the field of psychology, and many psychologists at home and abroad have put forward various mental health standards according to their own research results. In the practice of clinical psychology, the author summarizes the theories and experiences of predecessors and puts forward a simple evaluation method. Namely: from my evaluation, others' evaluation and social function analysis:
? 1. I don't feel pain-that is, the feeling of happiness is greater than the feeling of pain for a period of time (such as a week, a month, a season or a year).
? 2. Others don't feel abnormal-that is, psychological activities are in harmony with the surrounding environment, and there is no phenomenon of incompatibility with the surrounding environment.
? 3. Good social function-that is, being competent for family and social roles, being able to give full play to one's own abilities in the general social environment, and using existing conditions (or creating conditions) to realize self-worth.
Bad state
? Also known as the third state, it is a state between a healthy state and a disease state. It is a common sub-health state of normal people. It is caused by personal psychological quality (such as being too competitive, withdrawn, sensitive, etc.). ), life events (such as work pressure, promotion failure, superior criticism, frustration in marriage and love, etc.). ) and poor health (such as overwork and physical illness). Characterized in that:
? 1. Time is short-this state lasts for a short time and can generally be alleviated within one week.
? 2. Slight injury-this state has little effect on its social function. People in this state can generally complete their daily work, study and life, but the pleasure is less than the pain. Tired, annoyed, unhappy and coping are their common words.
? 3. Self-regulation-Most people in this state can improve their psychological state through self-regulation such as rest, chat, exercise, fishing, travel and entertainment. A small number of people may form a relatively fixed state if they do not relieve for a long time. This small group of people should seek the help of psychologists and get adjusted as soon as possible.
Psychological disorder (neurosis)
? Psychological obstacle is the progress, stagnation, delay, retreat or deviation of a certain aspect (or aspects) of mental state caused by personal and external factors. Characterized in that:
? 1. Not harmonious.
? The external manifestations of their psychological activities are not commensurate with their physiological age or their reaction styles are different from those of ordinary people. For example, adults show childish state (stagnation, procrastination, retreat); Children's adult behavior (unbalanced advanced development); Abnormal (deviant) reaction to external stimuli, etc.
? 2. Be targeted.
? People in this state often have a strong psychological reaction (including thinking, belief and behavior) to obstacles (such as sensitive things, things and environment), but they may behave normally to non-obstacles
? 3. It hurts more.
? This state has a great influence on its social function. It may make the parties unable to complete one (or several) social work according to the standards of ordinary people. For example, people with social anxiety (also known as social phobia) can't complete social activities, people with sharp tools dare not use knives and scissors, and people with sexual psychological disorders can't communicate with the opposite sex normally.
? 4. Need to help psychologists.
? Most people in this state can't solve the fundamental problem through self-adjustment and the help of non-professionals. The guidance of psychologists is necessary.
Mental illness (psychosis)
? Mental illness is a strong psychological reaction (thinking, emotion, behavior, will) caused by personal and external factors, accompanied by obvious physical discomfort. It is the external manifestation of brain dysfunction. Characterized in that:
? 1. Strong psychological reaction.
? There may be misjudgment of thinking, decreased agility of thinking, memory loss, sticky mind blank, strong sense of inferiority and pain, lack of energy, depression turning into depression, nervousness and anxiety, and abnormal behavior (such as repetitive movements, reduced movements, withdrawal behavior, etc.). ), as well as a decline in will.
? 2. obvious physical discomfort.
? The dysfunction of the central control system can cause the dysfunction of various systems in the controlled human body: if it affects the digestive system, symptoms such as loss of appetite, abdominal distension, constipation or diarrhea (or constipation-diarrhea alternation) may occur; If the cardiovascular system is affected, there will be symptoms such as palpitation, chest tightness and dizziness; If it affects the endocrine system, there will be changes in women's menstrual cycle, male sexual dysfunction ... and so on.
? 3. Great destruction.
? Patients in this state can't or barely complete social functions, lack relaxed and happy experiences, and have a strong sense of pain. "It's uncomfortable everywhere" and "It's better to be alive than dead" are their true inner experiences.
? 4. Need the treatment of a psychologist.
? Patients in this state generally cannot recover through self-regulation and treatment by non-psychological doctors. Psychologists generally adopt a comprehensive treatment method combining psychotherapy and drug therapy for such patients. In the early stage of treatment, mood can be quickly adjusted by mood-regulating drugs, psychological disorders can be relieved by psychotherapy in the middle and late stage, social functions can be restored by psychological training, and mental health level can be improved.
The World Health Organization estimates that more than 654.38 million people attempt suicide every year in the world. Among the top 10 diseases with the greatest functional disability, 5 are mental disorders; It is estimated that by 2020, the burden of neuropsychiatric diseases in China will rise to a quarter of the total burden of diseases.
? In China, it is conservatively estimated that there are about 654.38+0.9 billion people who need professional psychological counseling or psychotherapy all their lives.
? The survey shows that among the 654.38+0.3 billion people, there are more than 654.38+0.6 million people with various mental disorders, and among the 654.38+0.5 billion teenagers, there are 30 million teenagers who are troubled by emotions and pressures.
? Wu Ruihua, a researcher at the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that the lack of professionals engaged in psychological counseling is one of the reasons for the relatively high suicide rate in China.
? Teacher Hao Bin, an expert in psychological counseling and stress management, suggested in an interview with reporters a few days ago that when you encounter troubles in your life and are ready to choose a counselor to enter the counseling room, you should choose a counselor with a psychological, medical or educational background, professional training, long-term experience in psychological counseling and treatment, and be recognized by professional psychotherapy associations or society.
? There are many schools of psychological counseling and therapy, among which psychoanalysis, psychodynamic therapy, visitor-centered therapy, reality therapy, behavioral therapy, interactive therapy, gestalt therapy and rational emotion therapy are the most common.
? According to the statistics of American Psychological Counseling Association, there are as many as 300 kinds of recorded psychological counseling and treatment, and it is still increasing.
? American psychologist Langdon believes that all these therapies can be roughly divided into two categories.
? One is "cognitive comprehension" therapy, which aims to alleviate people's psychological confusion and obstacles by changing and improving people's cognitive style.
? The other is "behavior correction" therapy, which aims to correct people's bad behavior by establishing new conditioned reflex. In fact, in concrete practice, people often use both and complement each other.