Hidden danger is a factor that is unstable in certain conditions, things and events and affects the safety interests of individuals or others. This is a hidden factor. The word "hidden" embodies concealment and concealment, while the word "bitter" embodies harsh conditions. Hidden dangers can exist in many things, such as study, relationship between men and women, and safe production.
Meaning of defect:
Flaw; Disadvantages; Lack; defective
The defects are as follows:
1, born with defects
This is a congenital defect, born perfect.
2. Acquired defects
Refers to a defect caused by some reason. The leg fracture was caused by the earthquake.
Difference between hidden dangers and defects Definition of defects:
Defects refer to all abnormal phenomena that affect the safe operation of power grid or the health level of equipment when electrical equipment (including monitoring, fire protection, security equipment and five prevention devices) and its corresponding auxiliary equipment are in operation and standby. Equipment defects can be divided into three categories according to their threat to the safe operation of power grid and the health status of equipment: emergency, major and general. Urgent defects need to be dealt with within 24 hours.
Major defects: 7 days stipulated by State Grid Corporation and 1 month stipulated by Minnan Power Grid. The defect management regulation I wrote (in the process of publishing) is 15 days. The general defect is 3 months. If the major defects of the equipment are not eliminated on time, statistics and management should be made according to the hidden dangers (the purpose is to attract attention and urge to deal with them as soon as possible).
For the specific defect standards, please refer to the first few pages of "Creating First-class" materials, equipment defect account and records. The definitions of failure, hidden danger, danger, risk, accident and safety are different. Contact failure: During the next operation, the equipment "loses its specified function" or endangers safety for some reason.
Hidden danger: refers to the unstable factors existing in a certain condition, thing or event, which affect the safety interests of individuals or others. Danger: refers to the possibility that materials, articles, systems, technological processes, facilities or places will cause harm to people, property or the environment. Risk: the combination of the possibility and consequences of a specific dangerous situation. Accident: refers to an unexpected situation that leads to death, illness, injury, damage or other losses.
Safety: The state in which acceptable risk of damage cannot be avoided. (The above definitions are quoted from Baidu Encyclopedia) These concepts are both different and related. Safety is not completely without damage, but the damage is within an acceptable range. Absolute security does not exist, and there will be hidden dangers, big and small, at any time. If hidden dangers are found and eliminated in time, the system can be in a normal state. If there are hidden dangers that are not handled in time, faults will occur.
Failure is not necessarily dangerous, it may also be the loss of some functions, but it may also lead to danger. And risk refers to the possibility of danger, not the danger itself. An accident is an accident, but it may be dangerous without an accident. For example, the toxic waste gas from a factory is not an accident, but harmful to people.
Hazard source refers to the position, area, place, space, post, equipment and its location in the system that has the potential danger of releasing energy and substances, can cause personal injury, property loss or environmental damage, and can be transformed into accidents under the action of certain triggering factors. Its essence is the source point or location with potential danger, the source of accidents, and the collection of energy and dangerous substances. ...
Three elements of hazard source: (1) Danger is generally caused by uncontrolled release of energy or poison. In risk analysis, we must first determine the types of hazards, such as poison release, explosion, fire, etc. And then determine which part of the system is the hazard source, such as pressure vessels, pressure pipes, storage tanks, power plants, etc. (2) the extent to which the environment, people or other ecosystems, buildings or structures are exposed to dangerous areas; (3) In case of danger, it will have harmful effects on the exposed targets or may cause losses.
These three elements are called risk chain, and each link in the chain should be analyzed and evaluated in detail when conducting risk analysis. Accident hidden danger refers to the unsafe state of people's activity places, equipment and facilities, or the potential danger of personal injury or economic loss caused by people's unsafe behavior and management defects.
An unremarkable fault point or an injury point, but all the indicators are within the safety allowable range, can be called a safety hazard. Accident hidden danger refers to the unsafe state of workplace, equipment and facilities, unsafe behavior of people and management defects, which is the direct cause of safety accidents. Hazard source is the root cause of accidents, and it is a production device, facility or place that has energy or may accidentally release dangerous and harmful substances.
Major hazard sources refer to units (including places and facilities) that produce, transport, use or store dangerous goods for a long time or temporarily, and the quantity of dangerous goods is equal to or exceeds the critical quantity.
The difference between the two: accident hidden danger and hazard source are not the same concept: accident hidden danger refers to the unsafe state of workplace, equipment and facilities, unsafe behavior of people and management defects. Its essence is a dangerous, unsafe and defective "state", which can be manifested in people or things. For example, unstable walking and slippery roads are all hidden dangers that lead to falls and injuries; It can also be manifested in the procedures, contents or methods of management, such as inadequate inspection, imperfect system and inadequate personnel training.
Hazard source refers to the position, area, place, space, post, equipment and its position in the system that has the potential danger of releasing energy and substances, can cause personal injury, property loss or environmental damage, and is transformed into an accident under the action of certain triggering factors. Its essence is the source point or position with potential danger, the source of accidents, the core of energy and dangerous substances concentration, and the place where energy comes out or erupts.
Danger exists in a certain system, and the scope of danger is different in different systems. For example, nationwide, a specific enterprise (such as an oil refinery) is a hazard source of dangerous industries (such as petroleum and chemical industry). From the enterprise system, it may be that a workshop or warehouse is a hazard source, and the workshop system may be a device or a hazard source; Therefore, the analysis of hazard sources should be carried out according to different levels of the system.
Generally speaking, hidden dangers may or may not exist, and hidden dangers with hidden dangers of accidents must be rectified in time, otherwise accidents may occur at any time. Major hazard sources are essentially the concept of management, which embodies the idea of distinguishing priorities and grasping main contradictions in accident prevention. It is also the idea that the country or region controls the equipment, facilities and places that may cause major industrial accidents in advance, during and after the event, macroscopically and uniformly.
Major hazards are mainly aimed at material hazards, that is, the objective existence of flammable, explosive, toxic and harmful substances. When the amount of hazardous substances exceeds the specified critical amount, it constitutes a major hazard source and should be paid attention to and managed. In practice, the control and management of hidden dangers of accidents are always associated with certain hazards, because there are no dangerous hidden dangers, so they cannot be controlled; The control of dangerous sources is actually to eliminate or prevent hidden dangers of accidents.
So in practice, these two concepts are sometimes misused. According to the above definition of hazard source, hazard source should be composed of three elements: potential danger, existing conditions and trigger factors. The potential danger of hazard sources refers to the degree of harm or loss that may be caused once an accident is caused, or the energy intensity or quality of dangerous substances that may be released by hazard sources.
The existence conditions of hazards refer to the physical, chemical and restrictive conditions of hazards. For example, the pressure, temperature and chemical stability of substances, the firmness of pressure vessels, obstacles in the surrounding environment, etc. Although the trigger factor does not belong to the weekly attribute of hazard sources, it is the external cause of the transformation of hazard sources into accidents, and each type of hazard source has corresponding sensitive trigger factors. For example, flammable and explosive substances, heat energy is its sensitive fuse, and for pressure vessels, pressure rise is its sensitive fuse.
Therefore, a hazard source is always associated with the corresponding trigger. Under the action of trigger factors, the hazard source is transformed into a dangerous state, and then into an accident. Danger: the source or state that may cause casualties, diseases, property losses and damage to the working environment. Hazard identification: the process of identifying the existence of hazards and determining their nature. Dangerous; Possibility of loss, injury, disadvantage or destruction. Risk: the combination of the possibility and consequences of a specific dangerous situation.
There are two definitions of risk: one emphasizes that risk is uncertainty; Another definition emphasizes that risk is expressed as the uncertainty of loss. If the risk shows uncertainty, it means that the risk can only show loss, and there is no possibility of profiting from the risk, which belongs to the narrow sense of risk.
The uncertainty of risk shows that the result of risk may bring loss, profit or no loss and no profit, which belongs to generalized risk, and financial risk belongs to this category. Risk and income are directly proportional, so generally speaking, aggressive investors prefer high risk in order to obtain higher income, while prudent investors focus on security considerations.
Characteristics of risks: 1, objectivity 2, contingency 3, damage 4, uncertainty 5, relativity (or variability) How to judge risks, choose risks, avoid risks and then use them to find opportunities in risks to create benefits is more profound and significant.
Risk: the combination of the possibility and consequences of a specific dangerous situation, emphasizing the uncertainty of risk loss. In a narrow sense, the risk is only loss, but the risk of uncertain loss: materials, articles, systems, technological processes, facilities or places may cause harm to people, property or the environment.
Danger is absolute loss. If you drive too fast, it is said to be dangerous. The danger is that what you do is incorrect, and if you buy stocks, it is said to be risky. If you buy stocks incorrectly, it may bring gains or losses.