1. General
1. 1 In order to standardize the evaluation of occupational hazards in construction projects, this specification is formulated according to the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases.
1.2 this specification is applicable to the pre-evaluation of occupational hazards and the evaluation of control effect of newly built, expanded and rebuilt construction projects, technical transformation and technology introduction projects (hereinafter referred to as construction projects).
1.3 the pre-evaluation of occupational hazards and the evaluation of control effect shall be undertaken by the occupational health technical service institutions that have obtained qualification certification according to law; The evaluation methods and requirements shall conform to the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and the provisions of this specification.
2. Pre-assessment of occupational hazards
2. 1 The construction unit shall provide the following information to the institution undertaking the evaluation task (hereinafter referred to as the evaluation institution) when pre-evaluating the occupational hazards:
A. approval documents for construction projects;
B. Feasibility study materials (including articles on occupational health);
C. other relevant information.
2.2 The evaluation institution conducts pre-evaluation of occupational hazards in three stages: preparation, evaluation and report preparation. See annex 1 for the pre-assessment procedure of occupational hazards.
2.3 preparation
Complete the following tasks in the preparation phase:
A. Make preliminary engineering analysis on the general layout, process flow, equipment layout, health protection measures and organization management of the construction unit;
B, screening key evaluation factors and determining evaluation units;
C. prepare a pre-assessment plan. The pre-evaluation scheme includes the following contents:
a)。 Overview of construction projects;
B) Purpose, basis, categories and standards of pre-evaluation;
C) Contents and methods of analysis of occupational hazard factors in construction projects;
D) Organization, funds and plan of pre-evaluation work.
2.4 Assessment
The assessment phase completes the following tasks:
A. engineering analysis;
B. occupational health survey;
C. qualitative and quantitative analysis and evaluation of occupational hazards.
2.4. 1 engineering analysis
Engineering analysis mainly includes the following contents:
A. Capital construction projects, including construction site, nature, scale, total investment, design capacity, labor capacity, etc. ;
B. General layout, production technology and technical route, etc. ;
C. Raw materials, auxiliary materials, intermediate products, product name, dosage or output, main production technology, main production equipment, types, locations and existing forms that may cause occupational hazards, mechanization or automation degree of production equipment, and sealing degree;
D. Occupational disease protection equipment and emergency rescue facilities to be adopted;
E. Configuration of occupational disease protection articles for personal use;
F. Health facilities to be established;
G. Management measures for occupational disease prevention and control to be taken.
Occupational health survey
When the technical data such as the feasibility study of the construction project can't meet the evaluation requirements, we should further collect relevant data and conduct analogy investigation.
gather data
For expansion, reconstruction and technical transformation construction projects, the data of occupational disease hazard monitoring, health monitoring and occupational disease hazard evaluation during the operation period before expansion, reconstruction and technical transformation shall be collected.
2.4.2.2 analogy survey
For new projects, similar production enterprises should be selected for analogy investigation, and the contents are as follows:
A. Location selection
Since it was put into use, the site selection of similar construction units has been coordinated with the current national health regulations.
B. General plan
Distribution of work area, living area, residential area, garbage disposal and auxiliary land of similar construction units, especially the layout, operation and mutual influence of places with occupational hazard factors.
C. Current situation of occupational hazards
The types and properties of occupational hazard factors in similar construction units, and the average concentration (intensity) of chemical factors, physical factors and biological factors in the workplace in recent years.
D. Occupational disease protection equipment
Similar to the configuration and operation effect of various protective facilities such as anti-virus, dust-proof, anti-high temperature, cold-proof, moisture-proof, anti-noise, anti-vibration, anti-ionization and non-ionizing radiation of the construction unit.
Configuration and use of personal occupational disease protection articles, such as ear protection articles, protective masks, protective clothing, first aid kits, etc.
Configuration and use of sanitary facilities such as lounge, toilet, eye washer and shower equipment.
E. Incidence of occupational diseases
Similar to the occupational health monitoring and occupational diseases of employees in the construction unit, cases of acute occupational poisoning accidents (including causes, processes, rescue and rectification measures).
F. Organizational management
Similar to the establishment of occupational health management institutions or organizations and personnel of the construction unit.
G. Special funds
Investment in the construction and operation of occupational disease protection equipment of similar construction units.
Analysis and evaluation
Evaluation Basis +0
Evaluate the occupational hazards of construction projects according to national laws, regulations and standards. See Annex 2 for the main evaluation criteria. When adopting evaluation standards, attention should be paid to quoting the latest version of the standards.
2.4.3.2 evaluation method
According to the characteristics of occupational hazards in construction projects, qualitative and quantitative evaluation is carried out by combining checklist method, analogy method and quantitative grading method.
A. Checklist method
According to the evaluation standards and norms, prepare a checklist to check whether the occupational health related contents of construction projects meet the national standards and norms item by item.
B. Simulation method
According to the monitoring statistical data of similar and similar workplaces, the concentration (intensity) of occupational hazard factors, the consequences of occupational hazards and the occupational protection measures to be taken in the workplaces of construction projects are compared.
C. quantitative classification method
Considering the concentration (intensity) of occupational hazards in the workplace of construction projects, the inherent hazards of occupational hazards and the contact time of workers, the hazard index is calculated to determine the occupational hazard level of workers.
According to the relevant standards, new construction projects are based on the engineering analysis of construction projects and similar enterprises' analogy surveys, while expansion, reconstruction and technical transformation projects are based on the existing measurement data, so as to obtain the time when workers are exposed to occupational hazards such as dust, chemical poisons and noise, and the concentration (intensity) of occupational hazards in the workplace, and calculate the occupational hazard grade index of workers. The calculation method shall be implemented according to the national occupational health standards.
At present, there is no classification standard for occupational hazard factors, and there is no analogy survey data. According to the national, industrial and local occupational health standards and norms, combined with the configuration scheme of occupational health protection facilities, it can be predicted whether the concentration (intensity) of occupational hazard factors in the workplace meets the relevant health standards.
Contents and indicators of 2.4.3.3 evaluation.
2.4.3.3.1Identification and evaluation of occupational hazards.
According to the data of engineering analysis and analogy investigation, determine the occupational hazard factors existing in each evaluation unit of construction project, describe their physical and chemical characteristics, toxicity, harm to human body, maximum allowable concentration in workplace, contact number and contact mode, and evaluate the occupational hazard degree of workers.
2.4.3.3.2 Site selection and general layout shall comply with relevant national occupational health standards.
Production technology and equipment layout
A adopt non-toxic and low-toxic production technology or avoid workers' direct contact with occupational hazards;
B. Under the condition of production license, isolate areas containing harmful operations to avoid pollution and interference to harmless areas or between them;
C the sources of harmful substances are arranged under the mechanical or natural ventilation in the workplace;
D for workshops that emit a lot of heat, hot work should be located at the top floor of the building; As far as possible, the heat source should be set on the downwind side of the dominant wind direction in summer or under the skylight.
Hygienic requirements of buildings
A. The volume of the building should ensure that workers have enough fresh air, and the design requirements refer to Hygienic Standard for Design of Industrial Enterprises;
B. The structure of the building should make the surface of the factory building that produces dust poison difficult to accumulate dust and poison, and easy to remove; The cooling workshop should be conducive to ventilation and cooling; Moisture-proof drainage facilities should be set up in the high-humidity workshop to prevent dripping from the ceiling and ground water;
C. The lighting and lighting of the building conform to the current Lighting Design Standard for Industrial Enterprises and Lighting Design Standard for Industrial Enterprises, etc.
2.4.3.3.5 The evaluation of occupational disease protection facilities mainly includes:
A. Dust removal facilities
B. Detoxification and purification facilities
C. Ventilation facilities
D. Accident emergency facilities
E. Noise control facilities
F. heatstroke prevention facilities
G. Cold protection facilities
H. Moisture-proof facilities
I. Vibration control facilities
J. Non-ionizing radiation protection facilities
K. ionizing radiation protection facilities
Emergency rescue facilities
2.4.3.3.7 Personal occupational disease protection articles.
sanitary fixture
Occupational health management
2.4.3.3.10 occupational health budget.
2.5 Preparation of Pre-evaluation Report
The pre-evaluation report preparation stage completes the following work:
A. summarize and analyze all kinds of information and data;
B. Make an evaluation conclusion and complete the pre-evaluation report.
2.6 The pre-evaluation report on occupational hazards of construction projects shall be prepared in the prescribed format (see Annex 3 for the format), and its main contents include:
A. The purpose, basis, scope, contents and methods of pre-assessment of occupational hazards;
B general situation of the construction project, including the construction site, nature, scale, total investment, design capacity, labor capacity, etc. ;
C. Analyze and evaluate the site selection of construction projects, possible occupational hazards and their impact on the workplace and workers' health, including the name of occupational hazards, main production links, main occupational hazards to human body, possible concentration (intensity) and prediction of occupational hazards, etc.
D. Technical analysis and evaluation of the occupational hazard protection measures to be taken, mainly including general layout, production technology and equipment layout, building hygiene requirements, occupational disease protection equipment, emergency rescue facilities, personal occupational disease protection articles, sanitary facilities and occupational health management;
E. Put forward effective protective countermeasures for existing occupational health problems;
F. Evaluation conclusion: summarize the evaluation contents, point out the existing problems and suggestions for improvement measures, and determine the categories of occupational hazards and the feasibility of construction projects.
3. Evaluation of control effect of occupational hazards in construction projects
3. 1 Before the completion and acceptance of the construction project, the construction unit entrusts an evaluation institution to evaluate the control effect of occupational hazards in the construction project.
3.2 Preparation of evaluation scheme
The evaluation unit shall, according to the pre-evaluation report of the feasibility demonstration of the construction project and the contents of the trial operation of the project construction, prepare an evaluation plan for the control effect of occupational disease hazards before the completion acceptance.
The evaluation plan mainly includes the following contents:
A. the purpose, basis and scope of the assessment;
B. General situation of project construction, construction and trial operation of various occupational disease prevention facilities;
C. Contents, methods and quality assurance measures of on-site investigation and monitoring;
D. organize the implementation plan, schedule and funding arrangement.
3.3 Field investigation
After accepting the entrustment of evaluation, the evaluation unit conducts occupational health investigation. Occupational health survey mainly includes the following aspects:
3.3. 1 Hygienic investigation of production process: Understand the whole process of production process and determine the occupational hazard factors in production.
A. Chemical factors (toxic substances, productive dust): names of raw materials, semi-finished products, intermediate products, products and wastes, quantities produced and used, physical and chemical characteristics, contact methods and workers' contact time;
B. Physical factors: noise, high temperature, low temperature, vibration, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, etc.
C. biological factors: pathogenic pathogens existing in the production process.
3.3.2 Hygienic survey of working environment: the implementation of hygienic protection measures in general layout, production technology and equipment layout, building hygiene requirements, occupational disease protection equipment, emergency rescue facilities, personal occupational disease protection articles and sanitary facilities.
3.3.3 Investigate whether the construction project is implemented in strict accordance with the current Hygienic Standard for Design of Industrial Enterprises, and whether the occupational health review opinions put forward during the design review at various stages are implemented.
3.3.4 Investigation on Occupational Health Management
A. establish occupational health management institutions;
B. improve occupational health rules and regulations and operating procedures;
C. Occupational health education, determination of occupational hazard factors and health monitoring;
D. archiving of occupational health data.
3.4 On-site monitoring: determine the concentration (intensity) of occupational hazard factors in the workplace.
3.4. 1 inspection method: according to relevant national occupational health standards.
3.4.2 Test conditions: According to the design full-load production conditions.
3.4.3 Detection frequency: According to the type, nature, change and degree of harm of production process and occupational hazard factors, samples are generally taken continuously for three days, once a day in the morning and once a day in the afternoon.
At the same point in different time, each measurement shall not be less than three samples, and the average of the test results shall be taken (except the test results of physical factors such as radiation and noise).
Special circumstances shall be implemented according to the corresponding national occupational health standards.
3.4.4 See Annex 4 for the principle of setting test points for chemical factors and physical factors.
3.5 Occupational health examination
Carry out occupational health examination for workers who may be exposed to occupational hazards, determine occupational health examination items according to occupational hazard factors, and evaluate the control effect of occupational hazards according to the results of occupational health examination.
3.6 Evaluation results
A. Evaluate whether the site selection and general layout meet the requirements stipulated by the state;
B. engineering protection facilities and their effects;
C, calculating the average concentration (or intensity) of each test point of occupational disease hazard factors, wherein the geometric average is calculated for dust concentration test data, the arithmetic average or geometric average is calculated for poison concentration (if the test data is normal distribution, the arithmetic average is calculated for skewed distribution), and the average is not calculated for noise test data; The concentration (or intensity) of occupational hazard factors at each inspection point is qualified if it does not exceed the standard, and it is unqualified if it exceeds the standard;
D. According to the above calculation results, evaluate the control effect of protective facilities of occupational health projects; Evaluate the effect of occupational health protection and remedial measures for some posts with excessive occupational hazards due to the limitation of production technology or equipment technology level;
E. Evaluate the configuration of personal hygiene protection articles, emergency rescue facilities and warning signs;
F evaluate the implementation of occupational health management institutions, personnel and rules and regulations of construction projects.
3.7 Control Effect Evaluation Report
The evaluation report of construction project control effect shall include the following main contents:
A. evaluation purpose, basis, scope and content;
B. General situation and trial operation of construction projects;
C types, distribution, concentration or intensity of occupational hazards existing in the production process of construction projects, and the degree of occupational hazards;
D implementation of occupational disease protection measures, including general layout, production technology and equipment layout, building hygiene requirements, sanitary engineering protection facilities, emergency and rescue measures, personal protective facilities, auxiliary sanitary rooms and occupational health management measures;
E. effect evaluation of protective facilities against occupational hazards;
F. evaluation conclusions and recommendations.