brief introduction
AIDS is a zoonotic disease, which is caused by HIV infection. HIV is a virus that can attack the human immune system. It targets T4 lymphoid tissue, the most important tissue in human immune system, and destroys T4 lymphoid tissue in large quantities, leading to highly fatal internal failure. This virus is life-long infectious in this area, which destroys people's immune balance and makes the human body a carrier of various diseases. HIV itself will not cause any diseases, but when the immune system is destroyed by HIV, the human body loses the opportunity to replicate immune cells because of its low resistance, and is infected by other diseases, leading to the death of many diseases combined with infection. The average incubation period of HIV in human body is 8 to 9 years. Before they develop into AIDS patients, patients look normal. They can live and work for many years without any symptoms. [ 1]
source and course
Scientific research found that AIDS was first spread in West Africa. A charity organization made a batch of vaccines for an epidemic and donated them to a country in Africa, but they didn't know that the chimpanzees used for vaccines carried HIV. An international research team composed of scientists from the United States, Europe and Cameroon said that they confirmed through field investigation and genetic analysis that human HIV- 1 originated from wild chimpanzees, and the virus probably evolved from simian immunodeficiency virus SIV. In fact, the origin of AIDS should be in Africa. 1959 Congo is still a French colony. An aborigine who came out of the forest was invited to participate in a research related to blood infectious diseases. After his blood sample was tested, it was refrigerated and dusty for decades. Unexpectedly, decades later, this blood sample turned out to be an important clue to solve the source of AIDS. AIDS originated in Africa and was brought to the United States by immigrants. On June 5th, 198 1, the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta, USA briefly introduced the medical history of five AIDS patients in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly, which was the first official record of AIDS in the world. In 1982, this disease is named "AIDS". Soon after, AIDS quickly spread to all continents. 1985, a young foreigner who traveled to China fell ill and died soon after being admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and was later confirmed to have died of AIDS. This is the first time that China has discovered AIDS. Aids is a serious threat to the survival of mankind, which has attracted great attention from the World Health Organization and governments all over the world. Aids is spreading faster and faster around the world, seriously threatening human health and social development, and has become the fourth killer threatening human health. UNAIDS announced on May 30th, 2006 that since the first diagnosis of AIDS in June, 65 million people around the world have been infected with HIV in 25 years, of which 2.5 million have died. By the end of 2005, there were 38.6 million HIV-infected people in the world, with 465,438+million new HIV-infected people in that year, and another 2.8 million people died of AIDS. According to UNAIDS' AIDS epidemic report in 2008, in 2007, the global AIDS prevention and control work made remarkable progress, the AIDS epidemic eased for the first time, and the number of new HIV-infected people and AIDS-related deaths decreased. In 2007, there were 2.7 million new HIV-infected people in the world, 300,000 fewer than 200 1. The number of people who died of AIDS was 2 million, 200,000 less than 200 1. According to reports, from the initial stage of infection, HIV-infected people will develop into AIDS patients after several years, and even have an incubation period of 10 years or longer. Due to the extremely low resistance of AIDS patients, there will be a variety of infections, such as herpes zoster, oral mold infection, tuberculosis, enteritis, pneumonia, encephalitis, candida, pneumocystis and other pathogens caused by special pathogenic microorganisms, and malignant tumors often appear in the later stage until they die of long-term consumption and systemic failure. Although many medical researchers around the world have made great efforts, so far, no specific drugs have been developed to eradicate AIDS, and there is no effective preventive vaccine. At present, this kind of "super cancer" with a mortality rate almost as high as 100% has been listed as a Class B legal infectious disease in China, and it is one of the infectious diseases monitored by frontier health. Therefore, we call it "super terminal disease".
AIDS virus
Stands for human immunodeficiency virus. After a person is infected with HIV, the virus begins to attack the human immune system. One function of the human immune system is HIV and human cells.
Repel the disease. In a few years, HIV will weaken the immune system. At this time, people will be infected with opportunistic infections, such as pneumonia, meningitis and tuberculosis. Once an opportunistic infection occurs, this person is considered to have AIDS. AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AIDS itself is not a disease, but a state or comprehensive symptom that cannot resist other diseases. People will not die from AIDS, but from AIDS-related diseases. HIV belongs to RNA virus. Because RNA is single-stranded and not as stable as DNA double-stranded, the mutation frequency of HIV is extremely high, which brings great difficulties to the development of vaccine. In addition, HIV is a retrovirus. The so-called retrovirus is that after the virus invades the host cell, it uses its own single-stranded RNA as a template and synthesizes cDNA under the action of reverse transcriptase according to the principle of base complementary pairing. The newly synthesized cDNA is inserted into the nuclear DNA of the host, and copied, transcribed and translated together with the host DNA to achieve the purpose of amplification. [2]