According to Japanese medical research, if people sleep less than 4 hours a day, their reaction ability will drop by 45%.
It is reported that 1986, the American space shuttle Challenger exploded. The unexpected reason is that the staff did not get enough sleep. In the same year, the accident occurred at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the Soviet Union, also because the staff were trapped to the extreme.
Obviously, sleep is extremely important. However, as parents and teachers, do we know that most primary and middle school students don't get enough sleep today, and nearly 50% of primary school students and 80% of junior high school students feel sleepy and tired every day?
Let's analyze the child's sleep.
Lack of sleep: the invisible killer of children's health
—— Investigation and analysis on the sleep situation of thousands of primary and middle school students in Beijing.
In our investigation on the personality development of the only child in the city, it is found that more than 60% children are not interested in learning; More than 30% of children feel that they are under great pressure to learn and find it difficult to accept themselves. This is undoubtedly a dangerous signal, because it is very likely to cause children to hate life, and even hate life. In fact, the reason why children have the above troubles, the burden is too heavy, leading to lack of sleep, which is a cause that cannot be ignored.
1979 65438+On February 6th, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health of China stipulated in the Interim Provisions on Health Work for Primary and Secondary School Students (Draft) that primary school students should sleep for 10 hour every day and middle school students should sleep for 9 hours every day. June1994165438+1October 10 The State Education Commission publicly released its opinions on comprehensively implementing the education policy to reduce the excessive schoolwork burden of primary and secondary school students. The document clearly stipulates: "We should educate students well and cooperate with their parents. In principle, it is necessary to ensure that primary school students sleep for more than 9 hours a day, junior high school students sleep for 9 hours, and senior high school students sleep for 8 hours. " It should be said that this is the most basic guarantee for children's health, and no one has any reason to destroy it. However, the opposite is true.
1June, 1997, Children's Research magazine randomly selected thousands of primary and secondary school students and their parents in six primary and secondary schools in Beijing, and found that most of the children lacked sleep, and nearly 50% of the primary school students and 80% of the junior high school students felt sleepy, which could not but arouse great concern from families, schools and all walks of life.
When do the children go to bed?
From the second grade of primary school to the third grade of junior high school, the proportion of students who are sleepy increases almost linearly: 64% in the second grade, 50% in the third and fourth grades, and 90% in the sixth grade; 79.5% in Grade One, 80.4% in Grade Two and 8 1.7% in Grade Three! Even the first-grade pupils feel sleepy 17%. It can be seen that primary and secondary school students have become a sleepy and tired group.
The most direct reason why students are sleepy is that they go to bed too late and get up too early. (For details, please refer to the questionnaire on sleep status of thousands of students in Beijing. )
For example, about 33% of fifth-grade pupils go to bed after 10 at night, and get up from 6: 00 to 6: 30 in the morning, accounting for 43%, and sleep for 8 hours at most; 16% of sixth-grade pupils can sleep at zero; 465,438+0% of junior high school students go to bed after 65,438+00 in the evening, and 72% get up before 6: 30 in the morning. 75.6% of junior high school students go to bed after 10 in the evening, while 84.1%get up before 6: 30 in the morning. Please don't forget, it is said that I will go to bed after 10 in the evening, and I don't know when I will arrive. It is reported that a student only sleeps for 5 hours!
Can lack of sleep bring about adverse reactions? The answers of students and parents are affirmative: 7.2% in Grade One, 28% in Grade Two, 27.5% in Grade Three and 38.5% in Grade Four.
Questionnaire survey on sleep status of thousands of students in Beijing
The main reasons why the proportion of drowsiness in the daily sleep time of junior high school students affects sleep
Grade one 10 1 9 hours 100% 17% 1, bad habits 23.2%/2, visitors 20%/3, and more homework 14.5%.
Grade two in primary school, 100 1, 10 hours 68% 64% 1, visitors 20%/2, 9 hours 30%/2, bad habits 12%.
The third grade 100 1, 9 hours 75% 50% 1, people watching TV 42.5%/2, 10 hour 15%/2, bad habits 35%/3 and 8 hours/kloc.
Fourth grade 109 1, 8 hours 66% 50% 1, more homework 16.5%/2, 9 hours 33%/2, bad habits 16.5%/3, visitors/kloc.
Grade 5 1 14 1, 9 hours 75.4% 38% 1, 26%/2, 8 hours1.4%/2, and 2/2 people watch TV.
The sixth grade 100 1, 8 hours, 40% 90% 1, 55%/2 more homework for parents, 37%/2 more homework for 6 hours, and 40% more homework for schools.
Junior one 142 1, 8 hours is 40% 79.5% 1, homework is 40%/2, 9 hours is 35.4%/2, bad habits are 38%/3, 7 hours is 7%/3, and home is far from school as early as/kloc.
Junior high school sophomore 122 1, 8 hours 60% 80.4% 1, more homework 43.5%/2, 7 hours 2 1%/2, bad habits 2 1.7%/3, 9 hours/2.
Junior grade 1 12 1, 7 hours 45.2% 8 1.7% 1, more homework 57%/2, 8 hours 36.6%/2, bad habits 40%/3 and 6 hours/kl.
Strong, but there are also differences in numbness or adaptation.
For students, a nap can make up for the lack of sleep at night, relieve stress and restore vitality. However, the survey found that the higher the grade, the lower the proportion of siesta. For example, people who take a nap: 85.5% in grade one, 73% in grade two, 50% in grade three, 48.6% in grade four and 32% in grade five or six; 65438+ 00.5% in Grade One and 7.6% in Grade Two. Perhaps in order to meet the graduation exam, the number of nappers in grade three rebounded to 25.6%.
Second, the reasons for lack of sleep
According to surveys and statistics, the main reasons that affect children's sleep are too much homework, bad habits, interference from people watching TV with their families, and their home is far from school, so they must get to school early.
1. Too much homework.
From the fourth grade of primary school to the third grade of junior high school, homework is listed as the first reason affecting sleep: fourth grade 16.5%, fifth grade 26%, sixth grade 95%; 40% in Grade One, 43.5% in Grade Two and 57.5% in Grade Three. According to the regulations of the State Education Commission, there is no written homework in the first grade of primary school, and the amount of extracurricular homework in the second and third grades does not exceed 30 minutes. However, 14.5% of primary school students complain that there is too much homework, and 30% of middle school students and college students also think there is too much homework. 55% of the sixth-grade pupils said that many homework was assigned by their parents.
2. Bad habits.
For children who don't get enough sleep, many parents complain that their children don't concentrate on their studies, move slowly, don't arrange time, muddle along and form bad habits. In the study of the personality of the only child in the city, we found that more than 60% of the only children don't like learning and can't feel happy from learning. Perhaps this is one of the deep reasons for many children's bad habits, but quite a few parents and teachers are not fully aware of it, but always fall into a vicious circle.
3. interference from guests.
To our surprise, many children and parents think that guests disturb their children's sleep at night, especially those families with poor living conditions. The proportion of students disturbed by visitors: Grade One 20%, Grade Two 20%, Grade Three 42.5%, Grade Four 12.8%, Grade Five 2 1.8%. Junior high school students and parents rarely mention such troubles.
It's too far to go to school.
In recent years, due to the strong tendency to choose schools, they only pay attention to choosing good schools, ignoring the long journey to school, which has brought extra hardships to many students. 13% of the students in Grade One complain that they go to school too far.
5. The school requires to get to school too early.
The survey found that almost every school requires students to arrive at school at 7: 20 in the morning. It is reported that some class teachers ask to get to school early, which makes students have to get up early. A headmaster said with emotion: "You can see in the street in the morning that the hardest thing is the children!" "
The survey also found that some students don't eat breakfast: 2% in grade one, 2% in grade two, 7.5% in grade three, 4% in grade four, 6% in grade five and 0/0% in grade six; 2.8% in grade one, 8.6% in grade two and 8.5% in grade three. This is undoubtedly worse for children who lack sleep.
Third, how to ensure that children get enough sleep?
Every parent, teacher and all members of the society should establish a scientific concept and sense of responsibility to ensure that primary school students have 10 hours every day. Junior high school students sleep for 9 hours every day. Any opposition and practical obstacles are crimes against the future.
It is worth noting that although most parents love their children, they are not clear about the time and significance of sleep. For example, nearly half of the parents of primary school students think that their children can sleep for 9 hours; There are also about 5% parents who think that primary school students can sleep for 8 hours. 19.6% of the parents in the second grade of junior high school think that their children can sleep for 8 hours. In the third grade of junior high school, 5% parents think that their children can sleep for 5 to 6 hours, but in fact, there are 13.4% parents who sleep for 6 hours. Isn't bringing up older children with this wrong idea destroying them? Therefore, to ensure children's sleep, we must change our concepts.
Specific arrangements, we suggest that primary school students go to bed at 9 pm and get up at 6 am. Midafternoon nap 1 hour.
Junior high school students go to bed at night 10 and get up at 6 am. Take a nap for an hour at noon.
In order to ensure adequate sleep for students, we also suggest that schools cooperate effectively. For example, Li Xinyuan No.2 Primary School in Chaoyang District canceled morning self-study, required students to arrive at school at 7: 50 in the morning, and arranged for students to take a nap. Many schools require students to arrive at school at 7: 20 in the morning, which naturally forces children to get up too early and becomes an objective reason for affecting sleep.
So, how important is it to ensure children's sleep? When designing "Teacher Sun's Topic" in children's research, my first choice is "What time do you want your children to go to bed?" And invited Ms. Liu Xiuying, deputy editor-in-chief, to interview Gao Yingjun, associate professor of Beijing Normal University and child health expert.
If you want to have good quality, you must sleep well first.
-Please listen to the comments of child health experts.
Q: Mr. Gao, many parents ask their children to do more exercise in order to improve their academic performance, so they reduce their sleep time and think it doesn't matter if they sleep less. How many hours should children sleep?
A: Sleep plays a very important role in a person's life. Physiology tells us that sleep accounts for at least one-third of a person's life. Growing children have a higher demand for sleep. Generally, they should have 9 hours to 10 hours of sleep a day.
According to the Decision on Improving Students' Health in Schools of All Levels 195 1 issued by the Central People's Government of the State Council on August 6th, students sleep 8 hours a day in institutions of higher learning, 9 hours in secondary schools and 0/0 hour in primary schools. Increase the nap time in summer.
The Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health (1979 12.6) stipulated in the Interim Provisions on Health Work for Primary and Secondary School Students (Draft) that students should be guaranteed sleep time every day: primary school students 10 hour and middle school students' 9 hours.
1Article 5 of the Regulations on Health Work approved by the State Council on April 25th, 990, promulgated and implemented by the State Education Commission and the Ministry of Health stipulates that schools should arrange students' study time reasonably, and students' daily study time (including self-study) should not exceed 6 hours in primary schools, 8 hours in secondary schools and 0/0 hour in universities. Schools or teachers are not allowed to increase teaching time and homework for any reason or in any way, which will increase students' learning burden. Although this document does not clearly stipulate the sleep time of students, it stipulates the study time that cannot be exceeded, which is equivalent to the rest time.
Q: Is there a scientific basis for the formulation of these regulations?
A: Of course. These regulations were formulated by a group of medical and health experts according to children's physiological and psychological characteristics.
Q: I remember a saying that children grow up during the day and grow taller at night. Is the function of sleep only to promote people to grow taller?
A: Sleep can promote children's growth and development. Growth hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland is most closely related to the growth and development of human body. It directly acts on the tissues and cells of the body and promotes the growth of the body. Growth hormone can especially accelerate the growth of cartilage and bones, and make people grow taller. Scientific research shows that growth hormone is mainly secreted during sleep at night, rarely during the day, and mostly when dozing off. In addition, the synthesis of various nutrients needed by the human body can only be completed well during sleep and rest, so children can grow tall and strong when they sleep well.
In addition to promoting growth and development, sleep can also eliminate fatigue and rest all organs of the body.
Sleep makes all organs of the body rest, and people's blood pressure and breathing drop during sleep. Many people will have this experience. If they eat too much dinner, they will feel uncomfortable when they sleep. This is because people's digestive organs are also in a state of slow movement during sleep. Rest is indispensable in a person's life. If all the organs are not well rested, people are prone to get sick. Some people have done experiments to inject the same vaccine into children with enough sleep and children with insufficient sleep, so that children can be infected. In this way, children with enough sleep will not get sick, while children with insufficient sleep will get sick. This experiment proves that if you don't get enough sleep, your resistance will drop.
The brain is also at rest during sleep. Physiologically, there is a theory of brain function orientation, which holds that the human brain is divided into more than 100 regions, some regions are responsible for speaking, some regions are responsible for writing, some regions are responsible for sleeping, and some regions are responsible for exercise, and each region plays a different role. The normal state of the brain should be that this area works, and that area inhibits rest, just like neon lights. If the excitement and inhibition of each region are unbalanced, it will cause people's mental retardation.
Q: According to the survey of the World Health Organization, lack of sleep and unclear mind are the primary factors affecting children's learning. Is it true that poor sleep will not improve your academic performance?
A: You can say that. Long-term lack of sleep, brain hypoxia, brain cell damage, brain function decline, academic performance will naturally not improve. A parent once told me that the school where his children go to school always leaves a lot of homework when exams are near. Children have to finish their homework every day and stay up late. An exam was approaching, and his child was ill. He took a leave of absence for nearly a week, and as a result, he gave birth to a child.
My son did better in this exam than any other one. The child's teacher was surprised: "How come your child didn't attend class for a week, but his grades got better?" Later, every time I approached the exam review stage, the parent gave the child a leave of absence and let the child review at home. The effect has been very good. Where's the secret? It's easy to say. When a child asks for leave due to illness for the first time, parents should not only help the child review his lessons, but also mainly ensure the child's rest, so that the child's sleep can be well guaranteed. There are no new lessons during the review period, only systematic review, and parents are competent, so the children get good grades. The truth of this case discovered by parents by accident is universal. Lack of sleep can only lead to a vicious circle of poor academic performance.
Human brain cells have the characteristics of self-protection. Sometimes children yawn and droop their eyelids when they study. This is a sign of brain fatigue. It's time for the child to rest. Washing your face with cold water and stimulating your brain are against the rules of using your brain. It can only work temporarily.
Q: Is the increase in children's mental illness related to lack of sleep?
A: Yes. Lack of sleep has an impact on people's study, life and psychology. Sleep less, people's nerves are fragile and prone to various psychological diseases.
Q: Please give our parents some advice on how to ensure that their children have a good sleep.
A: Parents should first have a correct understanding of sleep and realize that rest is an important means to restore brain function. Sleep is the most important rest, so children must get enough sleep.
Children should form the habit of sleeping regularly from an early age. Don't make them too excited before going to bed, and don't watch too exciting TV programs. Sleep is a comprehensive inhibition of brain cells, and it is difficult to suppress if you are too excited.
Let the child gargle before going to bed as a preparation before going to bed, and give him a signal to sleep. If possible, it is best to let children soak their feet in hot water, which can promote blood circulation, bring more oxygen to the brain, make brain cells enter a normal state, and make people calm down and go to sleep quickly.