Identify the important hazards and risks of the occupational health and safety management system;
1. Hazard source: Hazard source refers to the source, state or activity that may lead to accidents or their combinations, and is the cause of risks. Where there is energy, harmful substances or time and space of energy and harmful substances, accidents may occur, which are the root causes of risks, that is, hazards. The so-called "energy" includes electric energy, mechanical energy, acoustic energy and radiant energy. The so-called "harmful passivity" refers to wind dust, harmful gases, polluted air, water bodies and so on. Energy is a toxic and harmful substance. If it is effectively controlled, there will be no accidents. However, due to equipment failure, human error, management defects or environmental factors, energy and harmful substances may be out of control, leading to accidents.
2. Hazard identification: Hazard identification is the process of identifying the activities, personnel, equipment and facilities of the organization and judging the categories and characteristics that may cause accidents. Three states, three tenses and seven types should be considered when identifying hazards. Only by identifying the existence of hazards and the source of hazards can the occurrence of hazards be controlled.
3. Risk: The existence of dangerous sources may lead to potential accidents, injuries or diseases. Risk is a comprehensive description of two indicators: the possibility of foreseeable accidents and the severity of consequences. "Possibility" refers to the difficulty of an accident, which is usually described by probability. "Severity" refers to the size of personal injury and property loss in the event of an accident. Either process of the two characteristics will increase the risk. If one of the characteristics does not exist, the risk does not exist.
4. Risk assessment: Risk comes from hazard sources. On the basis of hazard identification, the possible risks of hazard sources and the adequacy of existing risk control are evaluated by scientific methods. Risks should be analyzed and evaluated according to the possibility and severity of potential accidents, and the risks should be graded. On the other hand, it is to judge whether the risk is acceptable according to the requirements of laws and regulations, complaints and appeals of relevant parties and the situation of the organization. Risks can be divided into "acceptable risks" and "unacceptable risks" (major risks).
5. Acceptable risk: refers to the change of the original risk with a greater degree of harm into a risk with a lesser degree of harm through the efforts of the organization, which is in line with legal obligations and acceptable to the organization.
6. Disease: including both physical and mental aspects.