Chapter II "Formulation of Urban and Rural Planning" of the Urban and Rural Planning Law stipulates in Article 12: the State Council Urban and Rural Planner.
National Urban System Planning Map (4 sheets)
The administrative department shall, jointly with the relevant departments of the State Council, organize the preparation of the national urban system planning, and guide the preparation of the provincial urban system planning and the overall urban planning. The national urban system planning shall be submitted by the competent department of urban and rural planning of the State Council to the State Council for approval. In 2005, the former Ministry of Construction (now the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development) entrusted China Urban Planning and Design Institute to compile the National Urban System Planning (2006-2020). In February 2007, the former Ministry of Construction (now the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development) discussed and agreed to report it to the State Council.
Step 2 Prepare for background editing
In order to fully implement the policy of "gradually improve the level of urbanization, adhere to the coordinated development of large, medium and small cities and small towns, and take the road of urbanization with China characteristics" put forward by the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, do a good job in the national population, resources and environmental protection, build a conservation-oriented society, build a harmonious society, and promote the comprehensive and coordinated development of social economy, it is urgent to track the historical stages of urbanization in China. As well as the main contradictions faced by industrialization, urbanization and urban construction in the current and future historical period, scientifically and reasonably determine the policy of urbanization and urban construction and promote the realization of the strategic goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.
China has a large population, weak foundation, unbalanced development and low quality of urbanization. Problems such as excessive difference between urban and rural areas, unbalanced regional development, waste of land resources, deterioration of ecological environment and destruction of history and culture are still outstanding. Because the spatial structure of cities and towns in China is not clear, the system of large, medium and small cities is not clear, and the development of urban agglomerations lacks guidance, which has a serious adverse impact on the coordinated development of urban and rural areas and the effective utilization of various resources. At present, it is a critical period for the development of urbanization in China, and the level of urbanization will be further improved in the next 20 years. At the same time, the pressure of resource and energy shortage is increasing, and the requirement of changing the mode of economic growth is becoming more and more urgent. Under the background of globalization, the contradiction between urban and rural development imbalance and regional development imbalance is more prominent, and the international competition environment is more severe. It is urgent to put forward a new national urban system plan for China's urbanization strategy, promote agriculture through industry, promote the harmonious development of national economy and society, and improve the overall competitiveness of the country.
3. Planning Role Editor
In the national urban system planning, while further exerting the basic role of the market in resource allocation, it also embodies the macro-control function and public service function of urban and rural planning in order to strengthen the macro-control ability of the central government. Under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development and building a harmonious society, the task of this plan is to implement and coordinate the national development requirements in space, clarify the urban development goals and strategies, clarify the spatial layout and control priorities of cities and towns nationwide, change the urban development mode, improve the efficiency of resource allocation, improve the comprehensive carrying capacity of cities and towns, and promote the healthy development of urbanization. According to the characteristics and development trends of different regions, the plan guides the development of different regions and cities according to local conditions through guiding measures such as urbanization policy zoning, spatial organization of urban system, urban development guidelines for key development regions and provinces; Through mandatory requirements such as urban construction land, water saving rate, energy consumption index, air and water compliance rate and solid waste treatment rate, the intensive and economical level of urban development will be improved and the quality of urbanization will be improved. This plan is the overall arrangement of urban development and urban spatial layout in China, an important policy basis for guiding the healthy development of cities and towns, and also the basis for all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities to formulate urban system planning and urban master planning. [ 1]
Step 4 edit the main content
1) urbanization development goals and policies
Population and urbanization goals: reasonably control the population size, optimize the population structure, improve the quality of the population and guide the rational distribution of the population. In 20 10, the total population of China was about13.6 billion, the urbanization level reached about 47%, and the urban population was about 640 million. In 2020, the total population of China will be about 65.438+0.45 billion, the urbanization level will be 56-58%, and the urban population will reach 86.5438+0-0.84 billion.
Scale of urban construction land: control the total amount and growth rate of urban construction land. From 2006 to 20 10, the average annual growth rate of urban construction land was controlled below 4%, and in 20 10, the urban construction land was controlled below 82,400 square kilometers. 20 1 1 By 2020, the average annual growth rate of urban construction land will be controlled below 3%, and the urban construction land will be controlled below1/0800 square kilometers in 2020.
Urbanization development policy: adhere to the urban development strategy of "urban and rural planning, regional coordination, perfect functions, intensive development, social harmony, safety and efficiency, cultural prosperity and good living environment".
2) urbanization development zoning
Guiding ideology for the development of the eastern region: improve the quality of urbanization according to the requirements of encouraging the eastern region to take the lead in development. Accelerate the development and resource integration of the three key urban agglomerations of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, and improve the ability to participate in international competition. Guide industries and population to transfer to small and medium-sized towns around big cities and gather moderately, and form a network urban space system with central cities to prevent excessive concentration of population and functions to central cities. Adhere to the principle of giving priority to the development of ecological environment, strengthen the management and construction of regional ecological environment, develop circular economy and improve the ability of environmental protection. Increase investment in environmental protection, attach importance to the prevention and control of air pollution, improve the quality of urban atmospheric environment and curb the deterioration of water environment. Coastal areas should rationally arrange urban layout, strengthen the guidance of high-rise building layout, prohibit over-exploitation of groundwater, and prevent geological disasters such as land subsidence. Establish a comprehensive urban disaster prevention system, strengthen the construction of ecological projects such as coastal coastal defense forests, and strengthen disaster prediction management.
Guiding ideology for the development of the central region: according to the requirements of promoting the rise of the central region, accelerate the development of cities and towns and attract rural surplus labor to transfer on the spot. Vigorously cultivate urban agglomerations and regional central cities to improve the population absorption capacity of urban agglomerations. Strengthen the construction of a central city with the provincial capital as the main body, improve urban functions, and enhance the radiation-driven ability. Increase support for infrastructure construction in county towns and central towns, promote the development of agriculture-supporting industries in small towns, and promote the process of agricultural industrialization. The main grain producing areas should handle the relationship between urban construction and farmland protection, strengthen farmland protection, realize the sustainable utilization of energy resources in energy bases such as coal, actively guide the development of continuous industries and alternative industries according to local conditions, and the construction of energy bases should rely on urban development. Strengthen the construction of transportation infrastructure in the central region and improve the construction of sea passages in the central region.
The guiding ideology of the western development: according to the requirements of promoting the western development, implement the centralized urbanization development strategy of giving priority to ecological environment protection. Strengthen and improve the comprehensive functions of regional and provincial central cities, and promote regional economic development. Focus on the development of county towns, industry and trade and tourist towns. In accordance with the relevant policies formulated by the state, we will guide the rational distribution and orderly transfer of population in ecologically fragile areas and ensure the implementation of ecological resettlement projects. Combine the construction of energy base and resource development, do a good job in the layout and coordination of emerging cities, and guide the healthy transformation of resource-exhausted cities. Accelerate the development of land gateway cities and border transportation hub cities, and promote the opening up along the border and the construction of energy channels. Support the development of towns in old revolutionary base areas and ethnic minority areas, focus on strengthening the construction of infrastructure and social service facilities, and promote local economic development. Southwest provinces should properly handle the tension between people and land, absorb rural population through developing central cities and key towns, and gather small and medium-sized enterprises and local service industries. Through the construction of small towns in pastoral areas, the northwest region has improved the public service network and enhanced the ability of disaster relief.
Guiding opinions on the development of Northeast China: according to the requirements of revitalizing the old industrial base in Northeast China, improve the comprehensive service function of the city, speed up the transformation of shanty towns, establish a supporting mechanism for continuing industries in resource-exhausted cities, enhance the ability of cities to absorb employment, and promote the economic transformation and industrial revitalization of old industrial bases and resource-based cities. Strengthen the construction of transportation corridors in Northeast and Northeast Asian countries, Bohai Rim region and Northeast China, accelerate the development of port cities and port cities, and promote the opening up along the border and along the coast. Strengthen the connection between regional central cities, improve the network of regional cities, and enhance the radiation driving ability of cities to agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and energy and mineral areas. Do a good job in urban construction in forest areas and state-owned farm areas, promote the development of agriculture and forestry, and consolidate the basic position of agriculture. Strengthen the protection of forests, wetlands and black soil ecosystems. Improve the regional coordinated flood control and drainage system.
3) Urban spatial organization and pattern
Urban spatial organization mode: taking urban clusters as the core, major urban communication channels promoting regional cooperation as the skeleton, and important central cities as the nodes, forming a "pluralistic, multipolar and networked" urban spatial pattern. Diversification refers to different resource conditions, different stages of development, different development mechanisms and different types of regions, and it is necessary to formulate urban spatial organization methods and development models according to local conditions. Multipole refers to the overall strategy of promoting the development of different regions and implementing the coordinated development of countries and regions by relying on different types and levels of urban agglomerations and central cities. Networking refers to the pattern of close contact, complementary advantages and free flow of factors between central cities, towns and urban and rural areas relying on traffic corridors. Relying on the country's main land transportation channels, rivers, waterways and coastal zones, taking urban agglomerations and central cities at all levels as the core, a networked urban space system with close ties, reasonable layout and coordinated development between large, medium and small cities and small towns will be formed.
Urban spatial pattern: planning the urban spatial pattern of "one belt and seven axes". This region refers to the coastal urban belt, that is, the coastal urban development belt along the Bohai Sea, the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the South China Sea. Focus on the development of three key urban agglomerations: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, and promote the development of urban agglomerations in central and southern Liaoning, Shandong Peninsula, the west coast of Taiwan Strait and Beibu Gulf. Strengthen the construction of coastal channels, take advantage of domestic and foreign market advantages, participate in economic globalization competition, and guide the country to achieve all-round development. "Seven axes" refers to seven urban communication channels formed by relying on the main national transportation axes. Relying on Shanghai-Nanjing, Hefei, Wuhan, Chongqing, Chengdu (including the Yangtze River), Jingshi, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Changsha, Guangzhou (including the Beijing-Guangzhou line and the Beijing-Kowloon line), Lianyungang, Xuzhou, Zhengzhou, Xi 'an, Lanzhou, Urumqi (Longhai, Lanxin line), Harbin, Changchun, Shenyang, Dalian and Beijing-.
4) Guidelines for urban development in key areas
Key areas include urban agglomerations, inter-provincial coordinated urban development areas, important river basins, lake areas and coastal areas. These areas are of great strategic significance for enhancing the country's ability to participate in international competition, coordinating regional development and resource protection. The state should strengthen the policy guidance of urbanization in key areas and the management of urban development.
Guiding ideology for the development of key urban agglomerations: urban agglomerations with national central cities as the core are key urban agglomerations, which are the core areas to promote the national economic development, and have very important strategic significance for improving the country's ability to participate in international competition and improve China's comprehensive strength. It is necessary to enhance the international service function of core cities and enhance their internal and external radiation capabilities; It is necessary to optimize the industrial structure and energy utilization structure of towns in these areas, and promote the division of labor and cooperation and complementary advantages of towns; According to the ecological carrying capacity, determine the scale of leading industries and population development; Strengthen regional ecological protection and environmental construction and strictly control the intensity and density of development; Accelerate the network construction and infrastructure construction in cities and towns, and do a good job of connecting regional traffic with urban traffic; Accelerate the process of agricultural industrialization and the adjustment of rural industrial structure, and coordinate the spatial integration of urban and rural areas; Innovate the regional management mechanism.
Guidelines for the development of major river basins, lake areas and coastal zones: major river basins and lake areas should formulate comprehensive water resources utilization plans and comprehensive river basin development plans, rationally allocate water resources, and properly handle the relationship between water environmental protection, flood control, power generation and urban water supply and drainage. Rational layout of industries and towns, focusing on controlling environmental pollution in upstream areas, and establishing a transfer payment mechanism from downstream areas to upstream areas. Protect the integrity and stability of the coastal zone, plan and allocate coastline resources in a unified way, and handle the relationship between the development and protection of marine resources. The development of seaport towns should be planned in a unified way and coordinated. These areas mainly refer to the Yangtze River basin, Yellow River basin, Pearl River basin, Huaihe River basin, Liaohe River basin, Songhua River basin, Taihu Lake region, Dongting Lake region, Poyang Lake region, Hongze Lake region, coastal zone and island region.
Guiding opinions on the coordinated development of inter-provincial cities and towns: In areas that need inter-provincial cooperation in industrial and urban development, resource development and utilization, ecological environment protection and infrastructure construction, it is necessary to improve the cooperation management mechanism and strengthen communication and coordination. Inter-provincial urban development coordination areas include the border areas of Jiangsu, Shandong, Anhui and Henan, the border areas of eastern and northeastern Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu and Anhui, Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Anhui, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Jiangxi and Anhui.
5) urban development guide
National central cities: Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Such cities should improve their development level in export-oriented economy and international cultural exchanges, gradually develop into financial, trade, cultural and management centers in Asia and the world, and play a core organizational role in promoting the development of key urban agglomerations in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta. Wuhan and Chongqing are emerging national central cities, which are the central cities of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration respectively, and are also the highland of inland development and opening up in China.
Land gateway cities (towns) and central cities in border areas: China's land gateway cities and central cities in border areas need to further improve the level of opening up, strengthen cooperation with neighboring countries and regions, focus on developing border trade, and improve urban functions. Portal cities (towns) mainly include Manzhouli, Erenhot, Dandong, Hunchun, Ji 'an, Tumen, Suifenhe, Tongjiang, Heihe, Ruili, Jinghong, Hekou, Pingxiang, Dongxing, Yadong, Zhangmu, Yining, Kashgar, Artux, Tacheng and Bole. Important central cities in border areas are Harbin, Kunming, Nanning, Urumqi and Lhasa. These cities are also transportation hub cities in border areas.
Old industrial base cities: For industrial cities with traditional industries as the mainstay, slow industrial transformation and economic growth rate lagging behind the national average, we should actively promote scientific and technological transformation and technological renewal, adjust the industrial structure, strengthen the transformation of urban infrastructure, promote the socialization of public services, improve the living environment and enhance the ability of urban sustainable development.
Mining (resource) city: an industrial city that takes mining and other resource exploitation as the leading industries, promotes the diversification of industrial types, enhances urban service functions, and actively strengthens ecological restoration and environmental construction in mining areas. For emerging mining cities, it is necessary to strengthen the coordinated development of mining areas and towns and avoid too scattered spatial layout. For a few cities with exhausted resources, we should actively develop continuing industries; For cities that are difficult to develop continuous industries, transfer strategies should be adopted to transfer the population in time.
Famous historical and cultural city: We should better protect historical and cultural resources and carry forward the national spirit. It is necessary to strictly protect historical and cultural resources, scientifically plan and strictly manage, and coordinate the relationship between the construction of new cities and the protection of old cities; Strengthen financial and policy support.
6) National comprehensive transportation hub system
Based on the principles of energy strategy, resource protection and transportation safety, a national comprehensive transportation hub system will be established. Accelerate the construction of the national railway network, improve the national expressway network, attach importance to the development of waterway transportation, increase the proportion of waterway transportation, establish a reasonable layout of the civil aviation airport system, and gradually build a comprehensive transportation system with coordinated development of various modes of transportation.
Take the central city as the node, carry out integrated joint transportation mode, strengthen the connection between various transportation modes and the construction of comprehensive transportation hub, realize zero-distance transfer of passengers and seamless connection of freight, improve the transportation service level of gateway cities, and strengthen the core position of cities in industrial development and spatial layout; Promote the organic integration of urban internal traffic and inter-regional traffic; Establish an efficient, convenient, fair and orderly urban transportation system.
Establish a national comprehensive transportation hub system, strengthen the core position of towns in industrial development and spatial layout, promote the organic connection of various modes of transportation, and enhance the radiation-driven role of central cities in the region. Strengthen the construction of border transportation hub cities, implement the national opening-up strategy, and improve the national transportation network. The first-class comprehensive transportation hub cities are Beijing-Tianjin, Shenyang, Shanghai, Wuhan, Zhengzhou, Guangshen, Yucheng, Xi and Lanzhou. The secondary comprehensive transportation hub cities are Shijiazhuang, Taiyuan, Dalian, Changchun, Harbin, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Hefei, Nanchang, Xiamen, Jinan, Qingdao, Changsha, Nanning, Guiyang, Kunming, Lhasa and Urumqi. Among them, Harbin, Kunming, Nanning, Lhasa and Urumqi are the transportation hub cities in the national border areas, which have an important strategic position in the national development.
5. Noun interpretation and editing
National Central City: The core city in the national urban system, namely, the financial, trade, management, cultural center and transportation hub of China, is also the external gateway for developing export-oriented economy and promoting international cultural exchanges, and has become or is becoming the financial, trade, management and cultural center of Asia and even the world.
Urban agglomeration: Urban agglomeration is a closely linked urban development area with one or more central cities as the core and comprehensive transportation network as the connecting skeleton. It is an important field to organize and promote regional economic development and implement the national regional development policy.