(1) 1 generation test-tube baby
1 generation is the most basic. Because the female reproductive system is complex, it is generally a female problem. Therefore, 1 generation test-tube baby artificially takes out eggs and adds male sperm to complete the test-tube baby.
(2) The second generation of IVF
Although the fertility problem of women is solved, men provide sperm, so the second generation artificially takes out sperm and eggs to complete IVF.
(3) the third generation of IVF
Solve the problem of male and female fertility, but some people carry disease genes (all children have mitochondrial disease genes except sons with Y chromosome disease at birth). The baby born has a healthy probability, so the third generation increased the genetic screening before implantation in the uterus, and chose the baby without disease genes to be born.
Therefore, the second generation has more male sperm collection than 1, and the third generation has more gene screening than the second generation. Of course, the technology will improve and the cost will increase.
A normal baby is simple. The reproductive system of both husband and wife is normal. As long as you have sex during ovulation, sperm and eggs meet, combine, get into bed, then get pregnant and wait for a healthy baby to be born.
(1) IVF
This is relatively simple. 1 generation solved the problem of female infertility, the second generation solved the problem of male infertility, and the third generation solved the problem that couples with pathogenic genes gave birth to healthy babies.
(2) Natural childbirth
This is a normal relationship between husband and wife, and then have children.
1 generation and the second generation of IVF are the same as natural conception, but artificial help increases the cost. The third generation is great, realizing the problem of having a healthy baby with genetic problems.
At present, the world's first test-tube baby, Louise Joy Brown, is 40 years old and was born on July 25th. 1978. The 40th anniversary exhibition was held recently, and I look healthy. She also has children born by natural conception.
IVF technology has developed from 40 years ago to now, and it is becoming more and more mature, which undoubtedly brings great hope to families who are infertile, unable to conceive naturally and want children. Many hospitals have done IVF, which will be tracked by files, including observation records of incidence, intelligence, personality, personality and other aspects. At present, there is no difference between IVF and naturally conceived babies.
Finally, it is about life expectancy. The first child is only 40 years old now, which is half of his life, what's more, all the children born in the future are only in their twenties and teens. There is too little data to study. Similarly, the rumors that IVF has a short life span have yet to be confirmed.
And the length of life is related to many factors. Parents' genes, acquired living habits and acquired accidents will all affect health. Who can tell the future clearly? Let's have a good meal, don't stay up late, pick up the thermos and take good care of yourself, and strive to be old enough to lose your teeth ~
More than 40 years have passed since the birth of the first test-tube baby in the world. When she was a baby, she became a middle-aged woman. Over the past 40 years, IVF technology has grown from scratch, from simple to perfect, and has become more and more mature. Up to now, IVF is a very common operation, and millions of people undergo this operation every year. Moreover, according to the follow-up survey of several hospitals, compared with the physical condition, intelligence and personality of IVF, there is no difference between IVF and normal infants. Although there is no data about life span, it can be inferred that the life span of IVF is the same as that of normal infants.
In fact, IVF is an operation to form a fertilized egg in vitro, develop into an embryo, and finally transplant the embryo back to the mother's uterus. Compared with normal pregnancy, everything is done in the mother's womb except fertilized eggs and embryos formed in test tubes, and it is exactly the same during delivery. In this respect, IVF is actually no different from normal babies.
Of course, some friends suspect that the sperm quality of IVF is not very high. After all, in natural pregnancy, the sperm that can combine with the mother's egg is the most dynamic and runs fastest. The fertilized egg of IVF is a sperm randomly selected. Isn't it a bit slim to choose the best among billions? This concern did exist in the past, but in recent years, doctors have had the technology to select the most energetic sperm. Even if the selected sperm is not the best, it must be in the top few. There is almost no difference between the fertilized egg formed in this way and the fertilized egg produced by natural conception.
Parents should fully understand the characteristics and influencing factors of children's growth and development, and try their best to grasp controllable factors such as nutrition, medicine, social environment and family education.
These factors can be divided into two categories: physiological factors and environmental factors. Physiological factors are the basic factors that affect children's physiological growth and development, including congenital factors and acquired factors. It includes genetic factors, nutritional status and the effects of drugs, radiation and pregnancy infection during growth and development.
The main difference between IVF and naturally fertilized babies is that early embryos are formed in different places. Naturally fertilized embryos are formed by the combination of sperm and eggs in fallopian tubes, and then naturally migrate to the uterus for implantation. The embryo of IVF will stop the development of the embryo, and then it will be deformed, which will eventually affect the child's physical and intellectual development.
Head circumference, body length, congenital heart disease, digestive tract malformation, polydactyly and the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage, asphyxia and hyperbilirubinemia are all factors that affect the baby's later growth and development.
The pregnant women with IVF have the characteristics of older age and smaller gestational age when giving birth, which does not increase the risk of perinatal diseases and birth defects of newborns. However, the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus and weight infants in pregnant women with natural pregnancy is high, which needs to be paid attention to.
There is no evidence that IVF lives shorter than normal people. After all, Louise Joy Brown, the world's first test-tube baby, was born in 1978, and now it's only 4 1 year old, so it's almost impossible to compare the average life span of human beings. Since then, 5 million babies around the world have been born through IVF assisted reproductive technology.
IVF is one of several technologies to solve the fertility problem. In in vitro fertilization, eggs are taken from women's ovaries and fertilized with sperm in the laboratory. The fertilized egg is then implanted into the mother's uterus for growth and development.
However, some scientists do raise concerns that children born through IVF technology may live shorter lives, or their health will be worse than normal children in their later years, because IVF bypasses the key natural selection process of in vivo fertilization.
The power of natural selection is very strong in the early life, and the reproductive tract of female mammals is complex, so there may be female recessive selection. In natural conception, tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of sperm compete with the female reproductive system, and finally the healthiest 100 sperm can reach the egg, and only one sperm can successfully fuse with the egg to achieve the purpose of fertilization. But in IVF, these choices are bypassed, the eggs are put in a solution containing millions of sperm, or laboratory technicians only choose one sperm to fertilize the eggs, and there is no process of survival of the fittest. Recent experiments show that female mice born by injecting sperm into eggs are prone to develop metabolic syndrome with age, which is a combination of diabetes and obesity. In addition, male mice were found to have problems with hormone function.
In any case, at least at present, these 80-year-old children born through IVF have not found any major health problems, and whether their life expectancy will be affected is still inconclusive. IVF is a technology to realize parents' dreams for many parents who can't conceive naturally.
IVF is similar to normal people, and the difference is negligible. If there is any difference, it is that the quality of sperm and eggs of IVF is higher, and the average health of children is better than that of natural conception. As for the impact on life span, because the world's first test-tube baby was born in 1978, the life span of all test-tube babies is far below the average age of human beings, so there is no difference.
The main difference between IVF and normal babies lies in the way of fertilization. The fertilized eggs of IVF are combined in vitro, and the fertilized eggs of normal infants are combined and developed in vivo through in vitro culture. In addition, the embryo grows up in the mother's womb, and there is no difference between pregnancy, development and delivery.
IVF technology is divided into the first generation, the second generation and the third generation, which is suitable for different people and different situations. As the saying goes, "there are three sons who are unfilial, and no posterity is great." The development of IVF technology enables couples with ovulation disorder, low sperm motility and family history of genetic diseases to give birth to healthy children, which is a technology that benefits mankind.
It stands to reason that IVF and ordinary babies are both flesh and blood, and there is basically no difference. They all inherited their parents' genes and grew up in their mother's womb. However, if there is no difference at all and it is not rigorous enough, the main difference is that IVF is artificially selected and ordinary babies are naturally selected.
In the case of natural conception, hundreds of millions of sperm will compete, and only the sperm with the strongest vitality and the fastest swimming can finally become the only winner. Although in most cases, this kind of one-step sperm is a relatively strong individual, it is not completely guaranteed to give birth to a healthy child. This way of natural selection has certain uncertainty, so children have a certain probability of genetic defects, which is the reason for many deformed genetic babies.
However, if the third generation IVF technology is adopted, the children born will generally not have genetic defects. Before fertilization, medical staff will manually screen sperm and eggs to ensure that they are excellent individuals. Before the embryo is transferred to the mother, genetic diagnosis and genetic screening will be carried out to see if it carries bad genes. Only embryos that pass the test can enter the mother and give birth to life. Therefore, IVF has got better sperm and eggs through artificial selection, which has a little advantage.
There is another difference between IVF and ordinary babies, that is, the cost is relatively high, which generally needs more than 6.5438+0.5 million yuan in China. If you conceive and give birth naturally, it will generally not exceed 6.5438+0.5 million yuan.
An American study reveals that at the age of 8, the intelligence development of IVF is better than that of ordinary children, and the balance ability of IVF at the age of 10 is stronger. However, the sample selected in the study is very small and unconvincing. A larger sample of data shows that children's cognitive ability is more influenced by their parents' educational level and educational level.
Back to the topic, it is precisely because IVF is less prone to malformations and genetic diseases that the survival rate of IVF is higher than that of ordinary babies. After living to adulthood, there are too many factors that determine human life span, which is difficult to compare.
The first test-tube baby in the world was born in 1978, and now she has given birth to her own child through natural conception, while the first test-tube baby in China was born in 1988, and now she has become a mother. Foreign test-tube babies and domestic test-tube babies have changed from babies to babies' mothers, and children are naturally conceived.
So from now on, the life span of IVF, whether white or yellow, is relatively normal, and it is given to middle-aged people.
Now the latest third-generation IVF can also help some couples with chromosome diseases to choose healthy children through in vitro fertilization. So there is no difference between other test-tube babies and ordinary babies. From the observation of these decades, there is no difference between IVF and normal babies in terms of intelligence and other aspects.
The difference between IVF and normal baby is that normal baby is that sperm enters the fallopian tube, meets the egg, combines with the egg to become a fertilized egg, forms an embryo and goes to the uterus for implantation, while IVF does not need sperm to go to find the egg. The staff put sperm and eggs together to make them combine in a better environment. After about 7 days, they form healthy embryos and enter the uterus to find ways to help implantation.
Test-tube babies don't have to be busy in the dark, but when their parents spend a lot of money to help them form embryos and transplant them into the uterus.
In fact, test-tube babies, especially the third generation, can also prevent some congenital diseases and make babies grow up healthier, so on the other hand, test-tube babies may live longer.
Moreover, many hospitals have also done research and found that the life expectancy of IVF will be shorter.
With the continuous progress of science and technology, the technology of IVF is becoming more and more mature, which has helped many families realize their dreams. I believe many people are curious about IVF. There is a widespread saying that IVF will live shorter than normal babies. Are these statements correct?
Some people may want to do chemical experiments in test tubes after hearing about it. It's like growing a baby from a test tube through chemical evolution. Some people even have the question: Is IVF shorter than normal babies? Then let's follow the experts to show us the difference between IVF and normal baby!
Of course, IVF also uses mom and dad's sperm and eggs to form fertilized eggs, then forms embryos, and then develops into babies. However, fertilization and embryo formation are different, both of which are completed in vitro, but the environmental nature created by the completion process is the same as that in vivo.
First, we say that the process of IVF forming embryos only by combining sperm and eggs is different from that of normal pregnant embryos, but the nature of the environment created is the same. Only in vitro fertilization, development into embryos or blastocysts, and then transplanted into the mother's uterus, successfully implanted, and continued to develop until birth. In this process, IVF is no different from natural pregnancy.
Experts also said that the same is true when the baby is in labor, and it can be delivered naturally or by caesarean section, mainly depending on the physical condition of the pregnant woman.
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has outstanding curative effect in treating infertility due to ovulation disorder, such as functional uterine bleeding, polycystic ovary syndrome, decreased ovarian reserve function, hypothalamic amenorrhea caused by stress, weight loss, excessive exercise and anorexia nervosa, functional hyperprolactinemia and so on. For infertility caused by these reasons, the treatment effect of traditional Chinese medicine is very good.
The common causes of infertility are ovarian dysfunction, ovarian ovulation disorder, poor egg quality, small follicle ovulation or anovulation detected by B-ultrasound. This situation can be adjusted by oral administration of traditional Chinese medicines for invigorating kidney and spleen, invigorating qi and nourishing blood or promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, thus improving ovarian function, promoting ovulation and increasing follicles. If the fallopian tube is slightly adhered and blocked, in addition to oral administration, traditional Chinese medicine retention enema can be used to eliminate adhesion.
The treatment of infertility in traditional Chinese medicine is that "the seeds must regulate menstruation first, and pregnancy is easy after regulating menstruation", that is, menstrual regularity is the premise of pregnancy, that is, on the basis of menstrual regularity, a high-quality mature egg is cultivated to promote the expulsion of eggs, and at the same time, a most suitable internal environment is provided for sperm-egg combination and fertilized egg implantation. According to the different symptoms of each person, TCM has different treatment prescriptions, giving full play to the individualized treatment of different people, different times and different places. Oral administration of Chinese medicine, enema, external application, acupuncture, massage and other forms can be used to treat infertility, and the clinical effect is exact.
In the past 40 years, we have recorded and observed the IVF in the hospital, and found that there is not much difference between IVF and naturally conceived children in terms of child morbidity, intellectual character and personality.
The world's first test-tube baby was born in England on 1978. She was a woman named luis brown.
Luis brown, the world's first test-tube baby, is 40 years old this year. She became pregnant naturally and gave birth to two sons, aged 5 and 1 1 this year. (Cambridge News reported on luis brown in August 2065438+May)
Since childhood, she has grown up healthily like others, learning to speak, walk and learn to learn. Now that she is married and has children, her family is happy, just like ordinary people, and there is no so-called "worry".
The pre-transplant diagnosis and screening technology, PGD/PGS technology, in the third generation of IVF can check chromosomes and genetic diseases. At present, on the fifth day after the embryo becomes a blastocyst, 23 pairs of chromosomes will be screened, and 125 common genetic diseases can be screened out.