Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease caused by echinococcosis.
There are two different kinds of echinococcosis in China, namely cystic echinococcosis with dogs as the main source of infection and alveolar echinococcosis with foxes and dogs as the main source of infection. Both kinds of echinococcosis are zoonotic diseases, and alveolar echinococcosis is also a natural focus disease.
Echinococcosis is a great threat to farmers and herdsmen and slaughterhouse workers, so effective prevention should be done. Controlling the source of infection and cutting off the route of transmission are the key measures to prevent the disease.
(1) Control the source of infection: Carry out extensive health propaganda to prevent echinococcosis, so that people can understand the harm and infection mode of the disease and master specific and feasible preventive measures. In order to control the source of infection, we should strengthen the publicity and education on the harm of raising dogs.
Wild dogs should be killed, domestic dogs, police dogs and hounds should be registered and managed according to regulations, and quarantine should be carried out regularly. Dogs in the epidemic area of echinococcosis should be treated regularly with echinococcosis; Praziquantel can be taken at a dose of 15? 20mg/kg, 1 time.
Foxes and dogs are also the main sources (ultimate hosts) of alveolar echinococcosis, so it is necessary to educate residents in epidemic areas not to have close contact with dogs and foxes. Hunters have more contact with foxes and dogs, so they should do personal protection.
(2) Cut off the transmission route: dogs and foxes infected with echinococcosis can excrete echinococcosis eggs with feces. Eggs not only pollute their own fur, but also pollute barns, pastures, vegetables and water sources.
Therefore, we should pay attention to diet and personal hygiene. It is strongly recommended not to drink raw water, eat unclean vegetables and wash your hands before meals. In particular, it is necessary to educate children to develop good hygiene habits and not to contact or play with dogs.
Slaughtering units should accept the supervision and management of * * *. Don't feed the viscera of sick sheep and sick dogs to dogs.
The internal organs of sick animals should be burned or buried deep to prevent healthy dogs from being infected.
2. How to prevent echinococcosis?
Echinococcosis is a disease caused by dogs infected with tapeworm eggs.
Tapeworms are parasitic in the small intestine of carnivores such as dogs. In a certain period of time, this tapeworm will lay eggs, and the eggs will spread to the surrounding environment with dog feces. It is easy to get contaminated on people's hands, clothes and daily necessities. In addition, through dog hair, wool, hay, water and other things that come into contact with people. It will also pollute people.
Eggs are so small that they are invisible to the naked eye. If people eat eggs by mistake, larvae hatch in the small intestine, pass through the intestinal wall, reach various organs of the human body (mainly liver and lungs) with blood circulation, grow up slowly, and then become a mass like a pouch, which contains water-like liquid. Some hydatid cysts can grow to dozens of pounds and oppress organs. If the cyst ruptures, it will have very serious consequences, even life-threatening.
The main symptoms of this disease are abdominal distension and discomfort in the right upper abdomen, pain in the liver area, impaired liver function and some digestive tract symptoms. Parasitic in the lungs can cause cough, chest pain and other lung symptoms.
If the above symptoms appear, you should go to the hospital for examination and treatment as soon as possible. Prevention should pay attention to personal hygiene and protection, form a good habit of washing hands before meals, and wash fruits and vegetables clean; Close contact with dogs should be avoided in epidemic areas, and dogs should be checked for tapeworm parasitism if possible.
3. How to prevent echinococcosis
The eggs of hydatid disease are very resistant to the outside world and can survive in room temperature water for 7? 16 days, 1 16 days In the environment of 0 1, vegetables and fruits are not easy to be killed by chemical pesticides.
Boiling or direct sunlight (50T 1 hour) can kill it. Therefore, it is very important to manage the source of infection to prevent echinococcosis.
In order to strengthen the management of dogs, sick sheep viscera (including hydatid cysts) should not be fed to dogs, and sick sheep viscera should be buried or burned to prevent dogs from being infected. In hydatid disease endemic areas, dogs should be given drugs (albendazole) regularly.
To cut off the transmission route of digestive tract, the key point is to strengthen food hygiene and personal hygiene and avoid close contact with dogs. Develop the habit of washing hands before and after meals and not drinking raw water, and wash raw vegetables and fruits.
4. Briefing on prevention of echinococcosis among primary school students
Don't sleep with your pet for a long time. Try to feed cooked food or finished dog food and cat food, and don't let cats and dogs hunt outside.
* Clean up pet feces and do harmless treatment, and wash your hands thoroughly after touching pet feces; Clean and disinfect the environment regularly. * Excessive intimacy with pets should be avoided, such as mouth-to-mouth feeding, kissing and sleeping for a long time.
* Give animals regular immunization. Newborn kittens should be immunized for the first time within 42 days, for the second time within 56 days and for the third time within 84 days. These three times belong to high immunity, and subsequent annual injections belong to enhanced immunity. Specific measures 1. Strengthening the treatment and control of dogs and cattle in epidemic areas is the key link to prevent human echinococcosis infection. Wild dogs should be completely extinct and domestic dogs should be strictly restricted in echinococcosis epidemic areas. Shepherd dogs, hounds and police dogs that must be used must be registered.
Regular tapeworm drive and drug monitoring should be included in the routine system. According to the report of New Zealand, it is stipulated that drugs should be used every six weeks in severely endemic areas and once every three months in mildly endemic areas. Second, strict meat hygiene inspection Meat joint factories or slaughterhouses should conscientiously implement meat hygiene and quarantine. The liver, lungs and other organs of infected animals are infected with echinococcosis and must be inactivated properly. Do not use centralized burning, digging and burying, liquid poisoning and other methods to raise dogs.
Third, vigorously carry out health education. The methods can be diversified, the content should be easy to understand and practical. Moreover, we should fully mobilize the masses and make them known to everyone.
The prognosis of this disease depends on the location, size and complications of hydatid cyst. The prognosis of echinococcosis in brain and other important organs is poor.
5. What measures are there to prevent echinococcosis?
Adopt comprehensive prevention and control strategies such as health education, patient treatment, dog drug deworming and strengthening livestock slaughter management.
Focus on advocating "wash your hands frequently and don't drink raw water", widely publicize the knowledge of echinococcosis prevention and control, and educate the masses to develop good eating hygiene habits and the habit of not feeding dogs with the viscera of infected animals without effective treatment. Actively carry out patient screening and treatment to alleviate patients' pain and improve their quality of life.
Strengthen cooperation with agriculture, animal husbandry, public security and other departments, strengthen dog management in key endemic areas of echinococcosis, regularly deworm dogs, take effective measures to deal with dogs without owners, and control the number of dogs. Strengthen the slaughter management of cattle, sheep and other livestock, advocate centralized slaughter, add * * * health quarantine, and treat the viscera of infected animals harmlessly.