To raise a good fish, you must first learn to buy a good fish;
(A) How to choose goldfish
(1) Conditions of Excellent Goldfish
Beautiful appearance, well-proportioned body, short body and wide tail fin, and obvious variety characteristics;
Beautiful color, rich and beautiful body color, striking is that it has a clear sense of beauty;
Beautiful sports, steady and elegant swimming and beautiful appearance.
(2) How to choose healthy goldfish
Healthy fish swim in the middle and lower water, foraging and competing for food. They swim naturally and leisurely, live in groups with other fish, and their tail fins are clear, transparent and elegant. If you swim with your head down, floating and struggling, you can't buy sick fish with trauma, white hair and white spots, thick tail fins, cloudy eyes, dim body color and loneliness.
Just learning to raise fish has a process of skill accumulation. You don't have to choose perfect fish, buy cheap fish. Of course, you can't ignore buying healthy fish.
2. Before keeping goldfish, you should prepare a fish tank that is not too small, mainly depending on the size and quantity of goldfish you keep. Pay attention to the density of fish. Novices often buy the fish they like when they see it, and seldom care about how many fish can be raised in the tank. Even if they ask the fishmonger for advice for profit, can they ask you to buy less? In my experience, it takes at least 3 liters of water to raise fish with a length of 1 cm. If your fish tank is filled with 100 liter of water, you can feed 3 fish with 10 cm and 8 fish with 5 ~ 6 cm (relatively narrow). In winter, the temperature is low, feeding is less, and it can be properly dense. Goldfish are more active in a larger space, and their body color is more vivid. Too high density can easily lead to lack of oxygen in water, deterioration of water quality, and lead to illness and death of goldfish.
Third, the fresh water for keeping goldfish should be stored for one or two days, which is called sun-drying. On the one hand, the purpose is to remove some chlorine from water, and on the other hand, to make the temperature of new water close to that of old water.
Fourth, buy goldfish must be oxygenated to avoid being suffocated on the way home. The goldfish is home, don't rush into the tank. Put the plastic bag with fish in the fish tank 10 to 20 minutes before opening it, so that the water in the tank can flow back into the bag for many times and gradually mix with the original water in the bag, so that the fish can gradually adapt to the water temperature and quality in their new home. If there is a light, turn it off. In the dark, fish are quiet and not easily frightened.
Five can't significantly change the water temperature. Goldfish can survive in a wide temperature range, and can still maintain life under ice in winter. As long as they are not exposed to the hot sun, they can live normally on a hot day. However, if the temperature changes sharply, they will get sick or die. When buying fish, pay attention to the water temperature of the aquarium and the water temperature of your own aquarium. The deviation should not be too big, generally within 4 degrees is allowed.
Sixth, you can't change too much water at a time, otherwise the water quality will suddenly change, which will lead to the discomfort of goldfish. Goldfish has adapted to the original water quality. If the water quality changes suddenly, goldfish will get sick or even die suddenly.
How to feed. Take it once or twice a day within 5 to 10 minutes. Feed less in rainy days and not at night. Fish need to consume more oxygen when digesting food. On rainy days and nights, the air pressure is low, so the dissolved oxygen in the water is low. In this case, feeding the fish may lead to serious hypoxia in the water and kill the fish. This is why most dead fish happen at night. According to the color of fish manure, we can distinguish the saturated digestion and absorption of goldfish hunger: if the fish manure is green, brown or black, it means that the fish is suitable for feeding and absorbs well. If the fish manure is white, it means that the fish is full.
Eight ingredients must be clean. Feeding unclean fish food can easily lead to fish diseases. Although goldfish like live food best, goldfish who eat live food grow faster. However, live food grows in polluted water environment and is easy to be contaminated with germs, so be careful when releasing live food. It is recommended to buy brand-name frozen fresh foods produced by professional companies, such as red worms and bumper shrimp, supplemented by beans and vegetables, to maintain comprehensive nutrition. Breadform is also a favorite living food for goldfish, which has high nutritional value and can also be properly fed.
Keep the water clean. Goldfish eat a lot, consume a lot of oxygen, and discharge a lot of waste to pollute water and breed germs. In order to keep the water clean, it is necessary to install a filter, remove the wrinkles and residual bait at the bottom of the pool every day, and replace one tenth of the old water, especially in summer. It is best to use filtration with aeration design, so that filtration and aeration can be carried out at the same time, which not only purifies the water body but also supplements oxygen.
Do not bring oil into the water. Oil pollution will float on the water surface to isolate the air, so that the oxygen in the water can not be replenished, leading to the death of goldfish due to lack of oxygen. Eating meat or applying hand cream on your hands will bring oil into the water and should be carefully avoided.
It's best to start with wenyu goldfish. The cultured goldfish have strong foraging ability and strong physique, and are not easily injured by accidents. Raising precious fish after accumulating experience can reduce losses.
I. Water quality conditions:
Pearl goldfish is suitable for breeding in stable light green water or old clear water, but not in old green water and fresh water. In the old green water, it is easy to have some bad phenomena such as chicken pox, loose shoulders and loose beads. In fresh water, pearl goldfish with weak resistance is easy to get sick because of unstable water quality, and it is also easy to cause loose beads and chickenpox because of unstable water quality.
Second, the feeding method:
The three highlights of pearl goldfish are: head shape, body shape and pearl scales, and there is a certain contradiction between the growth of body shape and the growth of pearl scales. In the process of culture, it is mainly to adjust the feeding: young fish mainly consider the growth of body shape and physique, so they must be fed with high-energy and high-protein complete feed. When the scales of pearl oyster begin to grow to a certain extent, it is necessary to pay attention to the adjustment of feeding, and at this time, the nutrition needed for the growth of pearl oyster scales must be considered. Mainly calcium supplement, the growth of fish should be controlled reasonably, otherwise it will cause the growth of pearl scales to be inconsistent with the growth of fish, which will lead to the loose shoulders of pearl scales and may cause the pearl to be incomplete. After this stage, after entering the adult fish cultivation period, as long as the feeding is balanced, the cultivation will be half successful. But there are three points to pay attention to: First, fresh bait and mixed granular materials in different periods must be reasonably matched. The result of a little carelessness is either not round enough, or the pearl scales are incomplete or loose and easy to fall off, or the crown is underdeveloped. Second: the feeding amount is 8-90% full, too much will lead to fish being too fat, slack, loose shoulders and loose beads, and too little will lead to fish being too thin and not round enough. Third, a small amount should be fed many times to make the fish and pearl scales grow in balance.
Third, the breeding density:
Culture density must be combined with density. When the juvenile fish grows to a certain extent and the pearl scales begin to grow, the density should be slightly dense to control the growth rate of the fish body and achieve the effect of balanced growth of the fish body, pearl scales and head crown. After the scales and heads of pearls grow, the density must be diluted again to achieve the effect of rapid and balanced growth. About one month before delivery, the density should be increased again, and intensive training should be carried out to improve the resistance of pearls and the anti-shedding ability of pearl scales.
Four. Matters needing attention in daily management:
The most direct concern in the daily management process is to avoid pearl scales falling off, because the pearl scales falling off of pearl goldfish means the loss of ornamental value, and it is difficult for pearl goldfish to regenerate after pearl scales falling off or the ornamental value is greatly reduced after regeneration. There are three main reasons for pearl scales to fall off:
1, fish are disturbed and bruised by parasites.
2. Improper tools and methods used in daily operation will cause harm to fish. Such as: fishing with rough fishing gear, draining the pool to catch fish, catching fish, etc.
3. Due to uneven feeding, poor water quality and unstable water quality, pearl scales fall off.
In addition, you can't raise goldfish with rainwater, because rainwater generally contains impurities, and sometimes it is acidic.
Prevention of diseases in summer
Goldfish belongs to a temperature-changing animal, and its body temperature changes with the ambient temperature. Summer is the peak season for goldfish to grow, and the fish swim lively and brightly colored. But goldfish should prevent "floating head" and "scalding tail".
"Floating head" is a phenomenon that goldfish floats to the surface of the water due to lack of oxygen in the water, so that its mouth sticks out of the water to breathe air. "Tail scalding" is a kind of bubble disease, and there are bubbles the size of rice grains on the tail fin of sick fish. The reason is that the dissolved oxygen in the water is supersaturated, and a large amount of oxygen forms small bubbles, which attach to goldfish and cause diseases. In summer, the aquatic plants in the pool grow vigorously under sunlight photosynthesis, releasing a lot of oxygen, so they get sick.
Therefore, goldfish raised in summer should prevent heatstroke and cool down, deepen the water level, often remove pollutants, constantly change water, cover the sun visor and inhibit the reproduction of aquatic plants, which can effectively prevent "floating head" and "scalding tail".
Common diseases of goldfish and their main prevention and control methods are as follows:
(1) Fish plague. Fish plague is a disease of goldfish in spring. Due to the lack of exercise and insufficient light in winter, goldfish often suffer from physical weakness and listlessness. In Huangmei season, its symptom is dyspnea, which can lead to the death of goldfish in severe cases.
Prevention and treatment: at present, there is no specific drug treatment for fish plague, only preventive work is done. Every year, in the spring season, you should always bask in the sun for goldfish to enhance your physique. If the goldfish has a fish plague, it should be isolated or eliminated as soon as possible.
(2) Baiyun disease. It is a disease caused by oral filariasis, flagellates and Trichinella spiralis parasitic on fish. There is a layer of white mist on its body surface, which is the result of rapid reproduction of parasites and stimulation of epithelial cells in parasitic areas, resulting in increased skin secretions.
Control method: soak the sick fish 1∶50000 potassium permanganate solution for 0-30 minutes each time. When Baiyun disease is induced by low water temperature, the diseased fish can be soaked in 2%-2.5% salt solution for 65438 0.5 minutes, and then put back into clean water, and repeated. In severe cases, it can be soaked in 1% salt solution 1 hour.
(3) skin rot. This is a common disease of goldfish, which is mainly popular in summer and autumn. The affected part of goldfish is red and swollen, and the epidermis is rotten, which looks like a red mark, mostly appearing on both sides of goldfish abdomen, usually caused by bacterial infection after fish body injury.
Treatment: Use a brush dipped in disinfectant (such as mercuric chloride or high-concentration potassium permanganate solution) to scrub or smear the affected area, every other day 1 time, 3-4 times to cure.
(4) rotten tail disease. The disease is caused by Myxococcus infection and can occur all year round. The tail fin of the sick fish rotted like a broom.
Treatment: scrub the affected area with 1% malachite green every other day 1 time for 3-4 times to recover. Malachite green is prohibited in handling edible fish.
(5) White spot disease (also known as small claw disease). This disease is caused by small claw worms parasitic on fish. The breeding temperature of Nereis unguiculatus is 3-25℃, and the suitable breeding temperature is 14- 17℃. At the onset, white spot vesicles appeared on the body surface and gill filaments of the diseased fish and spread rapidly; Most of them occur in spring and autumn, and sick fish are extremely inactive and often stay on the water.
Treatment method: put the sick fish into 0.5× 10 (minus 6 power) medical methyl blue solution and soak it in a bath with water temperature of 2 1-26℃ for a long time, or soak it in a bath with 0.5%- 1% baking soda. Because the resistance of young fish to liquid medicine is weaker than that of adult fish, the soaking time should be shortened appropriately. When the condition is serious, take a bath 1-2 times a day.
(6) Hydromycosis (also known as dermatomycosis and leukoplakia). The occurrence of the disease is mainly that fish are injured in the process of feeding and fishing, or the skin of fish is destroyed by parasites, so that water mold invades the wound and parasitizes. It can happen all year round, especially in the rainy season. The initial symptoms were not obvious after water mold invaded the wound; When visible to the naked eye, the hyphae have proliferated outward, and white velvet hyphae (white hairs) can be seen on the surface of the sick fish. After goldfish were infected with this disease, they were anxious, swimming abnormally, moving slowly, losing appetite and increasing skin mucus. In severe cases, the fish died with white hair all over its body.
Prevention and control methods: fish should be exposed to the sun frequently, and appropriate amount of salt should be put into the water for disinfection. Avoid scratching the fish when fishing. For the treatment of sick fish, 1% salt solution can be used for 30 minutes each time. In the onset season, splashing the pond with 1∶ 10000 salt solution every week can play a preventive role.
(7) Vertical ruler disease (loose ruler disease). This disease is caused by the deterioration of water quality and the infection of fish wounds with Trichomonas hydrophila. The scales of the diseased fish are partially or completely spread and erected, swimming slowly, sometimes the abdomen is edema, and when it is serious, it dies in 2-3 days.
Treatment: Put the sick fish in the same amount of mixed water solution of 2% salt and 3% sodium bicarbonate 10 minute, twice a day for 2-3 days. Or add 250 grams of mashed garlic to 50 liters of water and bathe the sick fish several times to treat the disease.
(eight) bubble disease (also known as coke tail disease). The disease is caused by too much dissolved gas in water, which mainly harms young fish. Fin absorbs many small bubbles of different sizes, which makes this part red and erosive, affecting the swimming and balance of fish.
Prevention and cure method: immediately move the sick fish into slightly cold water and raise them for a period of time to make them return to normal.
(9) ichthyosis. It is caused by bedbug-like fish lice invading goldfish and gill parasitism. It can occur all year round, and it is the most popular from June to August every year. Fish lice use jaws and jaws to stab and tear fish tissues, suck fish blood, make fish thin, gather in the corner of water or fish containers, and gradually die. Some sick fish are extremely uneasy, because the fish lice swim and jump wildly under the stimulation of the venom secreted when they suck blood through their mouths. This disease will lead to the death of goldfish.
Prevention and control methods: Before stocking the fry, wash the pond with quicklime and water to kill the adults, larvae and egg pieces of the fish lice in the water. The water used in fish ponds or other containers should be filtered to prevent fish lice and their larvae from flowing into fish ponds or fish containers with the water. After the parasitism of fish lice was found, 2.5% trichlorfon was sprayed on each cubic meter of water in the whole pond 1 g.
When using drugs to prevent and treat fish diseases, we should also correctly grasp the performance and usage of various drugs and prescribe the right medicine according to the prescribed dose. After application, it is necessary to strengthen observation, take effective measures in time when problems are found, and prevent drug damage or delay treatment.