Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is more common in the elderly. Insufficient long-term intake of nutrients and increased energy consumption make patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease more prone to malnutrition. Due to insufficient ventilation caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypercapnia and hypoxemia are easily caused. The dietary treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should consider the influence of nutritional components in food on gas exchange. Therefore, we should adopt an appropriate diet with energy and protein, high fat and low carbohydrate.
The daily diet of patients with COPD can refer to the following points:
Reasonable intake of protein
Proper intake of protein is helpful to relieve negative nitrogen balance, but excessive intake will aggravate hypoxemia and hypercapnia, so it is enough to give 1- 1.5g/kg standard weight every day.
Appropriately increase fat intake
Respiratory quotient is the lowest of the three nutrients, which can reduce the production of carbon dioxide, so it can increase the proportion of fat in energy supply. However, attention should be paid to adjusting the fatty acid structure in high-fat diet to prevent hyperlipidemia or damage to reticular epithelial system. MCT oil can replace some long-chain fatty acids in high-fat diet, which is not only beneficial to the digestion and absorption of patients, but also beneficial to the recovery of positive nitrogen balance.
Reasonable carbohydrate supplement
Carbohydrate is the highest among the three nutrients in respiratory quotient. For patients with severe ventilation disorder or hypercapnia, excessive carbohydrate intake will lead to the accumulation of carbon dioxide, which is not conducive to the reduction of blood carbonic acid level. Therefore, the proportion of carbohydrates in the total energy supply should be reduced. For patients with no obvious symptoms, there is no need to strictly limit carbohydrate intake.
Supplement vitamins and trace elements
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease often lack vitamins and trace elements, so we should pay more attention to the supplementation of various vitamins and trace elements, especially vitamin C, vitamin E and phosphorus, calcium and potassium.
water
Patients with fluid retention or pulmonary edema, pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale and heart failure should strictly control the amount of fluid. When severe infection occurs dehydration or mechanical ventilation leads to a large amount of fluid loss, the supply of fluid should be increased.
Health tip: Do a good job of daily protection regardless of the epidemic situation. When we prepare holiday meals, frozen foods such as meat, fish and seafood should be packaged and stored separately from other foods such as fruits, vegetables and cooked food. Containers and pools containing raw food should be carefully scrubbed before putting other foods to avoid cross-contamination. Wash your hands carefully before and after handling ingredients. (Clinical Nutrition Department of Shandong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)