First, the source of stress
The so-called stress, psychologically, refers to the interaction between external stimuli and subjects' reactions. In other words, the individual's response to threatening stimuli in the environment is reflected through the brain. In this respect, there are great differences among individuals. For example, a stimulus is threatening, but the individual can't recognize it as threatening, so it naturally doesn't pose a threat to him or her. When the individual knows that the stimulating situation is threatening, but his or her ability and experience are enough to overcome the difficulties, he or she will not have pressure. When we talk about stress, we often mention negative reactions.
In real life, there are many sources of stress. We can be divided into three aspects: life, work, occupation and psychology.
As for life, changes in life often produce stress. Psychologists have developed a special scale of life changes and stress, listing dozens of life changes from heavy to light, and finally judging stress by scores. In the first place are: death of spouse, divorce, separation of husband and wife, death of relatives, personal illness or injury, marriage, unemployment, retirement, family illness, pregnancy, difficulty in adapting to sexual relations, borrowing money, changing careers, leaving home as an adult, and litigation.
The main sources of occupational and work stress are (not in descending order): new job or new job change, personal inadaptability to work, personal discomfort to work, disharmony with superiors or colleagues, frustration in promotion, mistakes or mistakes in work, punishment or demotion, boredom with work itself or working environment, dissatisfaction with salary and treatment, etc. In the pressure of work, the pressure from interpersonal relationship is invisible and huge. Office workers should pay special attention to this.
There are two main sources of psychological pressure, one is frustration and the other is conflict. The so-called frustration refers to the psychological feeling that personal motivation and behavior cause obstacles or interference, which leads to the interweaving of negative emotions such as worry, confusion, anxiety and anger. Psychologically, what matters is not frustration, but frustration. One thing, one person thinks it is a setback, and another person may think it doesn't matter. The ideal method is to remain neutral. Don't be too frustrated, and don't be without it. Subdivided, the response to setbacks can be divided into two categories: rational and perceptual. Intellectually, it can be regarded as a setback, but emotionally, it is best not to affect the will and mood of setbacks. This quality is what politicians need most. Because a politician's career is full of setbacks, even unpredictable. If you can't bear setbacks, you can't wait for a chance to make a comeback. Conflict refers to psychological conflict, which refers to the psychological dilemma formed by individuals who have two motives at the same time and cannot satisfy them at the same time. It can be divided into two-way conflict, avoidance-avoidance conflict and avoidance conflict. A person's life is multifaceted, with different levels, career levels and social levels. Problems encountered at different levels require personal choice and judgment. When making choices and judgments, some pay attention to feelings, some pay attention to rationality, and some have to consider various interests because of being swayed by considerations of gain and loss. From this point of view, psychological conflicts in daily life and work are inevitable. Perhaps the higher the ability, the stronger the person, the more psychological conflicts he faces, because he has more motives and goals than the average person. Since there are many motives and goals, how to avoid conflict in the choice?
Facing the pressure in life and work will cause people's physical and mental reactions. Physiologically, it can lead to dysfunction of autonomic nervous system, endocrine system and immune system, thus leading to many diseases. For example, it is recognized that type A personality is prone to heart disease and type C personality is prone to cancer. Common physical symptoms caused by psychological stress include palpitation, headache, neck tightness, insomnia, cranky thoughts, frequent chest tightness, numbness of hands and feet, and inattention. In this case, if no obvious serious physical illness is found in the physical examination, it can be explained that the psychological pressure is already serious. Stress acts on people's psychology, and it is easy to produce negative emotions such as fear, anxiety, depression and indifference. These negative emotions are the important causes of psychological adaptation difficulties and mental illness.
Pressure is both objective and subjective. Faced with the same pressure, individuals will have different reactions. This is related to a person's personality characteristics (introverted or extroverted, sensitive or not, etc. ), personal experience and experience, predictability and or control, how to explain the stimulus, whether and how many social support systems exist.
Second, ways to relieve stress.
When we talk about relieving stress, we should understand that moderate stress is beneficial to work and people's health. But there is a limit to everything. If it exceeds the level that individuals can bear, it must be alleviated in time. How to relieve stress and maintain mental health? Experts believe that, generally speaking, there are the following methods:
The first is to avoid and stay away from stressors. This needs to be decided according to the individual's situation, and there is no unified model suitable for everyone. For example, if you buy stocks, don't buy them if your psychological endurance is low. Another example is Scarlett, the protagonist of the American novel Gone with the Wind. She often says: I don't think about it now. If I keep thinking about it, I'll go crazy. I will think about it tomorrow.
The second is to properly and reasonably use the psychological defense mechanism. Rationalization, for example, is to give a reasonable explanation to stress. For example, after being criticized by the leader, I think the key is that I didn't do a good job, and it is reasonable for others for the leader to criticize, so I may be very calm. Commonly used psychological defense mechanisms are repression, projection, sublimation and so on.
The third is to re-evaluate the event or situation. The problem may not be as serious as you think. Think about the problem from another angle, and you may be suddenly enlightened. Even if it is a mistake or mistake, there is still a chance to compensate.
The fourth is to seek support. When the psychological pressure is too great, you can ask relatives, friends and psychologists for help. Don't insist. In fact, it is wise to admit your weakness in a certain period of time, and then reduce your nervousness and negative emotional reactions through helpful support from outside.
The fifth is proper exercise to cultivate various hobbies. When a person is in a bad mental state or a bad state of mind, sitting there thinking hard, worrying and lamenting will not only help solve the problem, but will aggravate the negative emotions. Walking outside, running, playing ball games, doing gymnastics and swimming will release psychological pressure and adjust your mood. A recent news: Wushu is the latest trend among white-collar women in Wuhan. According to Jingchu Online, it has become a fashion for office girls to practice boxing, taekwondo, judo and wrestling in several sports clubs in Hankou Gymnasium and Hongshan Gymnasium. Most of them are white-collar women who work in office buildings. Talking about the reasons for practicing martial arts, Miss Wang, an English teacher in a middle school in Wuhan, told the reporter that she practiced Taekwondo as a way to keep fit. After practicing several times a week, I feel very relaxed after sweating all over, and I feel refreshed at work at ordinary times. Revelation: Exercise is the foundation of life and the best way to keep youthful vitality. Some white-collar women like drinking tea and reading books in their limited free time, preferring quietness to activities. You know, exercise is an active rest, which can completely relax your tired nerves.
Making life colorful and having your favorite hobbies is the key to making life easy. Learning some fun skills after work can make you forget the pressure of work, effectively maintain mental health, cultivate your temperament, and devote yourself to your career with more full emotions.
Someone wrote: In order to release the pressure at work, some people like to go shopping, while others like to go clubbing. I am not keen on shopping or clubbing, but I just like to go to the supermarket to see if there are any fresh foods on the market again. Eat Hormel's small ribs and lucky leg of lamb. You'd better catch some energetic fish yourself. Well, the raw materials for meat dishes are basically ready for a week. When the vegetables are poured into the hot oil pan, the smell of the vegetables is overflowing with a bang. Alas, that kind of happiness is really unspeakable! All the troubles, all the' tiredness', are accompanied by the fragrance of onions, garlic and vegetables in the kitchen between these square inches, becoming illusory.
Sixth, take the initiative to eliminate stress. If a kind of pressure exists objectively, avoiding it blindly is not the fundamental solution. Turning passivity into initiative, taking effective actions and changing the status quo is the best policy. This should solve two cognitive problems. First, everything can be changed. The second is to take action to change. For example, a person feels that he lacks intimate friends in the group and can't communicate with others, so he is under great psychological pressure. After confirming the above two points, start looking for the reasons. There are other people's reasons and their own reasons. It is difficult for others to change directly, or only through their own changes can they influence others to change.
In occupational and work stress, interpersonal relationship is an important factor that directly affects individual mental health, and then affects the cohesion and work efficiency of an organization. Personally, in a group, being able to get along well with most people will make you feel happy, work efficiently, and feel relaxed when you are tired. So, what is a recognized personality that is easily accepted by others? Generally speaking, people who are trustworthy, loyal, enthusiastic, helpful, sincere and frank, have a sense of humor, independent personality and talkative and intelligent are welcome.
And people who lack interpersonal relationships are often due to:
1, lack of social skills, unable to observe others when in contact with people, and express themselves moderately.
2. Pay too much attention to the immediate satisfaction of one's own interests, ignore the rights and needs of others, and fail to establish close relationships with others.
3, lack of sympathy and empathy for people, can not be touching.
4. Self-reproach tends to be too heavy. When interacting with people, people suffer from excessive loss, which leads to withdrawal and avoidance of social activities due to the influence of fear.
5, pessimistic personality, no confidence in people, can not be honest with people, can not reveal their own characteristics, so they can not get the appreciation and respect of the other side.
The leader of a unit or organization should always pay attention to the mental health of its members and not let them work under great work pressure for a long time, because it is unsustainable. Employees feel stressed, usually because:
1, working too long, ruining family life and social activities.
2. The working environment is not good, including the material environment and interpersonal relationships, and the relationship between superiors and subordinates.
3. Employees feel bullied and treated unfairly.
As a leader, we should find out the above specific reasons and improve them. Employees should not be allowed to work overtime for a long time, which will make them tired of their work and reduce efficiency. Try to ease the relationship between superiors and subordinates, allow employees to criticize, make suggestions and vent their dissatisfaction. A good leader should have a democratic work style, be good at discovering and using the strengths of employees, understand the different needs of each employee, and try his best to meet their needs. Create opportunities to participate in some party activities with employees to narrow the distance with employees. Have a certain sense of humor, and play jokes on people appropriately. Keep a proper distance from the opposite sex.
Only people with mental health can calmly cope with the pressures and contradictions in their work, thus ensuring physical health and laying a good foundation for career development. Psychological counseling is a new occupation that provides people with mental health help.
In 2000, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security promulgated the National Professional Standard for Professional Psychological Counselors, and since last year, it has presided over the national examination for psychological counselors and awarded certificates to those who pass, which indicates that psychological counseling in China has embarked on the road of normalization and professionalization.
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