Junior high school students are in a critical period of rapid physical and mental development and learning basic cultural knowledge. Parents and teachers often only care about their children's academic performance, physical health and intellectual development, but ignore their mental health. Mental health is one of the important qualities of modern talents, and good psychological quality and performance are conducive to a person's healthy growth. Many experts in psychology and education have found through experiments and investigations that the psychological abnormality of junior middle school students, especially the only child, is very prominent. This paper briefly expounds the main manifestations of junior high school students' psychological abnormalities, family factors analysis and corrective countermeasures.
First, the performance of psychological abnormalities of junior high school students
Psychological abnormalities are manifested in many aspects, mainly in the following aspects for junior high school students:
1, overly dependent on parents, lack of self-care ability. There is a junior high school student who needs his grandparents to accompany him when he sleeps at night. Many students need help from their parents to eat and dress, and even need help from others to tie their shoelaces and buy exercise books.
2. Self-determination and selfishness, excluding others. Self-centered, selfish, rarely considering the interests, situations and psychological feelings of others, alienated from others (including parents, teachers, classmates, neighbors, etc.). ), and often conflict. There was once a student who had a conflict with nearly 20 of the more than 60 students in this class, so that he didn't speak. The phenomenon and behavior of students helping each other and caring for each other is obviously less than that in the 1980 s.
3, weak will, can not stand criticism, psychological endurance decline. It is understood that now junior high school students run away from home because of the criticism and education of parents and teachers, and it is not surprising that there is tension with parents and teachers.
4, anxiety and fear, timid. If you are nervous about your study, have little experience and lack opportunities for exercise, you will be at a loss when something happens.
5. The child is psychologically overweight. Some junior high school students are still children in primary schools or even kindergartens in the eyes of parents, teachers and classmates. Their words and deeds are naive, and they are regarded as "children who don't grow up", which makes parents and teachers worried and anxious.
Second, the analysis of family factors of junior middle school students' psychological abnormality
There are many reasons for junior high school students' psychological abnormality, and family factors are mainly manifested in:
1, the influence of parental genetic factors. First, parents suffering from mental illness will affect their children's mental health. German psychiatrist Kalman's research shows that both parents are schizophrenics, and the incidence of psychological abnormality of their children is 68. 1%. If one parent is schizophrenic, the incidence of children is 16.4%. Second, the mother's physical illness, bad mood, malnutrition and frequent use of drugs with great side effects during pregnancy will affect her child's mental health; Third, premature delivery, dystocia or asphyxia during delivery may also affect children's mental health. These genetic factors may lead to psychological abnormalities when children grow up, and many children are difficult to correct until they enter junior high school.
2. The influence of improper family education. First, parents overindulge and overindulge, mistakenly thinking that "the tree is natural and straight", which makes children's selfishness, willfulness and aloof psychology particularly serious; Second, the way of education is simple and rude, mainly manifested in frequent beatings and punishments, which make children form abnormal psychology of timidity, loneliness, inferiority and lying; Third, we don't pay attention to the care and education of children. Every time we have a parent-teacher meeting or chat with parents, what we often hear is "Please ask the teacher to pay more attention and beat and scold", "Busy at work, no time to take care of the children" and "We have a low level of education and can't educate". This is not only the praise and modesty of parents, but also shows that parents do not attach importance to their children's education and do not seriously consider how to educate their children.
3. Expectations for children are too high. First, blindly ahead, high above. Parents misunderstand the meaning of advanced education, improperly develop children's intelligence, let children learn this class and go to that class from an early age, which makes children physically and mentally exhausted and nervous; Second, I am eager to see my son become a dragon and my daughter become a phoenix. Regardless of children's interests, hobbies and specialties, they impose their wishes on children, always hoping that children will surpass themselves and others (mainly peers) in the future. The author once conducted a questionnaire survey on 408 parents of senior two students in a key middle school, and found that 362 parents wanted their children to be admitted to universities in the future. Among these 362 parents, 2 1 1 had a high school education or below. The pressure from parents alone is great, which stifles students' interest in learning and makes them in a state of mental tension for a long time, which is also an important reason for students' psychological abnormality, especially junior high school students.
4. The influence of bad family emotional environment. Emotional environment, especially family emotional environment, is a soft environment for students to grow up, which often has the most direct, frequent and subtle influence on students. Dewey, an American educator, said: "The imbalance of normal relations in the family is fertile ground for various mental and emotional diseases." For example, single-parent families, parents' discord, parent-child discord, and bad neighborhood relations are all likely to cause children to have abnormal psychology such as terror, depression, inferiority, willfulness, and timidity. According to the survey, 35.5% of juvenile offenders in Beijing, 54.7% in Russia and 50% in Japan all showed psychological abnormality at first.
Third, junior high school students' psychological abnormality family correction and countermeasures
Parents should establish a good social image and create a good family atmosphere. First, pay attention to improving their own cultural quality and moral cultivation, and set an example for children. For example, some inappropriate words and deeds and secular ideas should be properly avoided and set an example for children to communicate with others. The second is to pay attention to the positive influence on children and make them imperceptibly influenced.
2. Help children eliminate adolescent sexual psychological barriers. Junior high school students are at the critical stage of puberty development, and they have more opportunities to contact and communicate with their parents in their lives. Parents should consciously help their children to correctly understand the laws of sexual physiology and psychological development in adolescence and understand some necessary basic knowledge of physical and mental health. Assist school teachers to educate children to get along well with classmates and communicate honestly and normally with the opposite sex.
3, carefully understand the child's learning situation, put the child in the position. Pay attention to children's learning process, learning methods, learning habits, learning psychology, difficulties, doubts and obstacles in learning, create a good learning environment and conditions, and let children study happily and diligently under the guidance of teachers. As for the children's academic performance, it is the result of a variety of factors. We should not blindly blame the children, hate them for failing to live up to expectations, and be angry at them for not making progress. On the contrary, it is easy to cause excessive psychological pressure and psychological abnormalities to children, which is often counterproductive.
4. Communicate with teachers frequently to help schools educate their children. First of all, junior high school students themselves have a remarkable psychological characteristic, that is, they begin to distance themselves from their parents. Their psychological reaction and behavior are greatly influenced by their peers and their own thinking, followed by teachers. In addition, junior high school students spend a long time in school and have more contact with teachers, especially class teachers. This requires parents to communicate with teachers frequently, assist teachers to educate their children, guide, educate and overcome psychological abnormalities in time, so that children can get full and healthy development.