HIV nucleic acid detection directly attacks the RNA or DNA structure of HIV, detects whether there is viral nucleic acid in blood and diagnoses whether there is pathogen infection. Using PCR technology, using amplification reagents commonly used in molecular biology laboratories and self-developed composite primers to cover common HIV strains has high sensitivity. Nested PCR amplification method with secondary amplification is adopted to improve the specificity of detection and reduce the false positive probability.
The HIV genome consists of two single-stranded RNA, each RNA genome is about 9.7k, with a cap structure (m7g 5 PP 5'GMP NP) at the 5' end and a poly(A) tail at the 3' end. The main gene structure and combination form of HIV are the same as other retroviruses, and they are all composed of 5'-terminal repetitive sequence (LTR), structural protein coding region (gag), protease coding region (pro), protein coding region with various enzyme activities (pol), outer membrane protein (env) and 3'-terminal long repetitive sequence LTR region.