How to observe several normal physiological indexes of cattle.

_ Appetite is the most reliable evidence of cattle health. Under normal circumstances, as long as you are sick, it will first affect the appetite of cattle. It is very important to check the feeding trough for leftovers in the morning for early detection of diseases. In addition, rumination can well reflect the health status of cattle. Healthy cows ruminate for about 8 hours every day, especially at night. _ The normal body temperature of adult cows is 38 ~ 39℃, and that of calves is 38.5 ~ 39.8℃. _ Adult cows breathe 15 ~ 35 times per minute, and calves breathe 20 ~ 50 times. _ The pulse rate of adult cattle is 60-80 beats per minute, that of young cattle is 70-90, and that of calf is 90- 1 10. _ Normal cows excrete 10 ~ 15 times a day and urinate 8 ~ 10 times a day. The fecal hardness of healthy cows is suitable, and the cow dung is segmented, but the fat cow dung is slightly soft, and the excretion times are generally a little more, and the urine is generally transparent and slightly yellow.