It is a serious infectious disease caused by smallpox virus with high mortality. However, after the popularization of vaccinia vaccine and several years of worldwide monitoring, the World Health Organization officially announced that smallpox was eliminated worldwide in 1980. But pay attention to reproduction.
Black Death (scientific name plague)
According to historical records, the Black Death that destroyed14 population in medieval Europe was bubonic plague, which was spread by fleas hidden in the fur of black mice. During the period from 1347 to 1352, an epidemic called plague began to spread all over Europe, resulting in more than 25 million deaths. In the following 300 years, the Black Death still broke out periodically. One symptom of the Black Death is that many black spots appear on the patient's skin, so this special plague is called "Black Death". For people infected with this disease, painful death is almost inevitable, and there is no possibility of cure.
AIDS
According to UNAIDS, in 2003, there were 5 million new HIV-infected people in the world, and the total number of infected people rose to 42 million. At present, the AIDS epidemic in China has also entered a period of rapid growth. The most conservative estimate is that there are 840,000 people infected with HIV, and the rate is increasing by 30% every year.
Dengue fever and West Nile fever-insect-borne infectious diseases are not to be outdone.
Dengue fever is an old-fashioned tropical infectious disease. In recent years, with the active media, its popularity has gradually increased. 65438 Last year 10 to February, there were 5284 cases of dengue fever in Thailand, and the disease was prevalent in Ecuador, Paraguay, Australia, Saudi Arabia and other countries to varying degrees.
Compared with the pathogen of dengue fever, West Nile virus is a newly discovered virus. West Nile fever has been prevalent in the United States for five years since it first broke out in the United States on 1999, and the epidemic scale is getting bigger and bigger, and it continues to spread to Central and South American countries. At present, there is no case report of West Nile virus infection in China, but this does not mean that we can sit back and relax. Like SARS, the virus is likely to lurk in unknown places or be introduced from abroad.
In addition to these two insect-borne infectious diseases, yellow fever, malaria and St. Louis encephalitis spread by mosquitoes have also caused epidemics of different scales.
SARS-a raging respiratory infectious disease.
In 2003, the most influential event in the world was the newly discovered Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). On June 6th, 2002, the 1 SARS patient appeared in Heyuan, Guangdong, China. Subsequently, this new type of pneumonia was found in Hongkong, Taiwan Province Province and the United States. More than 8,000 infected people have been found all over the world, resulting in more than 800 deaths.
In order to prevent SARS from coming back, the prevention and treatment of influenza became the focus of global attention last year. Since last June 165438+ 10, the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States and Hong Kong have all reported the influenza epidemic earlier than in previous years.
Among the respiratory infectious diseases that broke out in 2003, some infectious diseases have long been known. For example, who reported pertussis unique to children from 5 June to18 October 2003. There were 1 15 cases of pertussis in Badakhshan province in northeast Afghanistan, of which 17 cases died. In addition, there is diphtheria. From July to August, there were 50 diphtheria cases and 3 deaths in Kandahar, Afghanistan.
cholera
If the epidemic of SARS and West Nile fever is due to people's lack of understanding of new infectious diseases and effective control measures, then the epidemic of cholera, a classic infectious disease known to women and children, should be mainly attributed to social factors. Turbulent social order, lack of clean drinking water, lack of medical care and medicine have become the most important factors of cholera epidemic. From April to May last year, cholera broke out in Zambia, Iraq, Uganda, Mozambique and South Africa.
Ebola virus
Ebola virus is thought to be transmitted to people through animals, but scientists have not been able to find its real animal host. More evidence shows that it can be transmitted through contact, blood transfusion and breathing. The mortality rate of patients infected with Ebola virus reaches 50% ~ 90%. When the patient died, the organs dissolved and the pores of the whole body bled, and he died miserably. Therefore, the virus is considered as a potential biological weapon.
Snail fever
In recent years, the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in China has been repeated, mainly manifested in the obvious spread of Oncomelania hupensis and the increasing number of new epidemic areas. At present, 28 counties (cities, districts) have reached the standards of schistosomiasis transmission control and transmission interruption many years ago, and the epidemic situation has obviously rebounded.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)
Avian influenza is short for avian influenza. It is an infectious disease of poultry (poultry and wild birds) caused by influenza A virus. Avian influenza virus infection can show mild respiratory symptoms and digestive symptoms, with low mortality; Or more serious systemic, hemorrhagic and septic symptoms, and the mortality rate is higher. This difference in symptoms is mainly determined by the virus type of avian influenza.
infantile paralysis
Polio, also known as "polio", is an acute infectious disease caused by poliovirus. The clinical manifestations are fever, upper respiratory symptoms, limb pain, and a few cases have limb flaccid paralysis.