Homozygotes and heterozygotes of blood test genes are descriptions of gene states. Gene homozygosity means that there are two copies of the same gene in an individual cell, that is, the two genes are the same. Heterozygosity means that there are two different copies of genes in an individual cell, that is, the two genes are different.
Missense mutation refers to the mutation in which one amino acid in protein is replaced by another due to the change of gene sequence. Benign mutation means that this mutation will not cause serious diseases or health problems, and has no obvious adverse effects on individual physiological functions.