1, fatigue, listlessness, pallor and rapid heartbeat (Keshan disease)
The most obvious symptom of selenium deficiency in infants is Keshan disease, which mainly occurs in children aged 2-6 and women of childbearing age. The main symptoms of Keshan disease are fatigue, listlessness, pallor and rapid heartbeat. Examination can reveal enlargement of the heart, cardiac insufficiency and even shock, heart failure and arrhythmia. Keshan disease mostly occurs in rural areas and mountainous areas, mainly caused by a single diet.
2. The bones and joints are thick and short.
Selenium deficiency in babies can also lead to Kaschin-Beck disease, which is mainly characterized by thick bones and joints, short stature and labor loss, and is often prevalent in the same area as Keshan disease. The clinical manifestations of Kaschin-Beck disease are short stature, swollen joints of limbs, slow progress of the disease, early numbness, ineffective exercise, and short stature in severe cases. This disease does not affect patients' intelligence and longevity, but it affects their ability to work.
3. Goiter
Goiter is not only related to iodine, but also an important factor. Selenium can promote the increase of thyroid iodine intake, and selenium deficiency will make it lack iodine, which will lead to goiter.
4. Low immunity.
When the baby is in a state of low selenium, the body's humoral immunity and cellular immunity are reduced to varying degrees, and some immunoglobulins reduce the response ability and prolong the immune response time. When the body is attacked by external pathogenic factors, it cannot be resisted and killed in time and effectively. Therefore, selenium-deficient babies have poor resistance, anorexia, frequent illness, and even affect the growth and development of the body.
Second, the harm of selenium deficiency in the baby
Selenium is an important trace element to maintain the normal physiological function of human body. When studying the relationship between trace element selenium and children's intellectual development, some experts found that the plasma selenium concentration of children with congenital stupidity was lower than normal. The baby is prone to pseudoalbinism due to selenium deficiency, which is characterized by colorless gums, no pigmentation of skin and hair, and large cell anemia. Children's myopia, emaciation, acne and dental caries are all related to selenium deficiency. Selenium deficiency can even lead to childhood malignant tumor diseases such as leukemia and nervous system tumors, and selenium deficiency in pregnant women can also lead to fetal malformation.
Third, how does the baby supplement selenium?
1, daily selenium supply for children: how much is missing?
The supply of selenium in the baby's daily diet is: 1 ~ 3 years old, 20 micrograms. 40 micrograms for 4 ~ 6 years old and 50 micrograms for 7 years old or older. If selenium is deficient, it is easy to cause vision loss and respiratory and digestive diseases. Therefore, mothers should have ways to supplement selenium for their babies.
2. Children are mainly deficient in selenium.
Children with selenium deficiency generally take supplements, because the safety limit of selenium in drugs is relatively low, and blind supplementation may have toxic effects. Generally speaking, the selenium content in animal food is better than that in plant food, especially seafood and animal offal, which is a good way to supplement selenium (if there is no problem of three-level and high-level). Such as pig kidney, fish, shrimp, prawn, jellyfish skin, donkey meat, mutton, duck egg yolk, quail egg, egg yolk, beef and so on. Plant food, such as cauliflower, broccoli, garlic, onion, lily, etc. You can eat it consciously at ordinary times, which is good for your baby to supplement selenium. Another example is Tricholoma matsutake (dried), russula, fennel, sesame, almond, medlar, peanut, day lily, cowpea and so on. Children lack selenium, so they should eat more nuts in their diet. In addition, eating more fruits, vegetables and other foods rich in vitamins A, C and E also contributes to the absorption of selenium. Foods rich in selenium are also rich in vitamin E, and these two nutrients interact.
3. Children supplement selenium-deficient drugs
Children are deficient in selenium. Take some zinc selenium treasure tablets and selenium Weikang chewable tablets to directly supplement selenium to improve the baby's immunity and avoid serious influence on the baby's healthy development due to selenium deficiency. Zinc-selenium tablet Zinc-selenium tablet is a health food made of zinc and selenium as main raw materials, supplemented by starch, stevioside and gelatin. Its effective components are zinc, selenium and iodine protein. This product has the health care function of immunomodulation. Suitable for children: taste disorder, anorexia, partial eclipse or pica; Skin diseases, oral ulcers, broken wounds that are not easy to heal, adolescent acne, etc. ; Poor growth and development, short stature, emaciation, decreased immunity, frequent colds, fever, mental retardation, etc. Suitable age: the baby's gastrointestinal development was incomplete 4 months ago, so it is best not to eat selenium Weikang chewable tablets before the baby is 2 years old. Selenium-rich chewable tablets are high-tech products, and the main components are selenium malt, vitamin E, β -carotene and so on. Among them, the production of selenium malt powder won the national invention patent. Selenium supplementation can enhance human immune function, resist oxidation and delay aging. According to the doctor, adults should take two tablets twice a day, and children should take half a tablet as appropriate.
4, children's selenium diet prescription
Selenium supplement diet 1: broccoli and vegetable snacks
Ingredients: 400g of broccoli, 50g of carrots, 50g of corn kernels, 4g of vegetable oil and 4g of salt.
Practice: soak broccoli in light salt water for 30 minutes and dice carrots. Boil water in a pot, add carrots, corn kernels and broccoli, and put them in the pot for 2 minutes. Then add carrots, corn kernels and broccoli stalks, add salt and stir-fry for 4 minutes, take out the pan, surround the broccoli, pour the thicken juice on the broccoli, and put the fried colorful vegetables in the center of the plate.
Efficacy: Broccoli contains high selenium content, and the dishes are delicious, which greatly improves the appetite of children.
Dietotherapy Formula II of Selenium Supplement: Stewed Mushrooms with Chicken
Ingredients: Broiler 1 piece, dried hazelnut mushroom 70g, 2 tablespoons of soy sauce, appropriate amounts of salt, cooking wine, soy sauce and sugar, 4 onions, 4 cloves of garlic and 2 cloves of star anise.
Practice: Wash the chicken and chop it into small pieces. Soak dried hazel mushrooms in warm water for 30 minutes, wash them repeatedly and squeeze them out. Heat the oil in a wok over high heat, add the chicken pieces and stir-fry until the chicken changes color. Add onion, garlic cloves and star anise and stir-fry until fragrant. Add seasoning, stir well, and then add boiling water that can't cover all the food. After the soup is boiled, skim off the floating foam, add hazelnuts and stew for 50 minutes, and the soup will thicken.
Efficacy: This dish is a famous dish in Northeast China. The biggest function of this recipe is that both mushrooms and chicken are ingredients with more selenium. The two are delicious together and can fully supplement selenium.
5. The benefits of selenium to children
(1) Selenium can make children's brains and other tissues and organs develop normally. The priority of selenium utilization in different tissues of human body is: brain and testis are the most important, followed by kidney, heart, liver and plasma, and finally bones, muscles and red blood cells. Selenium deficiency can cause many pathological changes in children, such as myocardial diseases. Especially important is the brain. Children's brain function depends on selenium nutrition.
(2) Selenium ensures the energy supply for children's growth and development. The nutrients absorbed by children from the gastrointestinal tract need to be converted into energy through the enzymatic reaction of selenium-containing enzymes to supply the needs of the body. When selenium is deficient, the activity of these selenium-containing enzymes decreases, and the energy supply can not meet the needs of children's growth and development.
(3) Selenium can improve eyesight, so human body is prone to myopia due to selenium deficiency. After selenium-enriched food is given, vision can be improved and immunity can be increased.
6. Children should pay attention to selenium supplementation.
Some people buy selenium-containing compound supplements for health care, but they don't change their existing unscientific living habits, such as staying up late, overeating, smoking and drinking, and not exercising. In this way, the effect of selenium supplementation will be greatly reduced. Therefore, we must ensure that children pay attention to rest, ensure sleep, be nutritious, not picky about food, and exercise more, so as to better promote growth and development.