1 Use nature to stimulate children's interest in observation.
Plants in nature are brightly colored and pose in myriad ways, which are pregnant with endless mysteries. Its shape, sound and color will arouse children's curiosity and interest, broaden their horizons and enrich their knowledge. In educational activities, we organize children to go out of the classroom and into nature. When they see colorful flowers in full bloom, colorful leaves, golden corn holding chubby dolls, cotton with a snow-white face and heavy fruits hanging all over the branches. At this time, they will be full of interest and can't help but ask, "What kind of flower is this?" "That's chrysanthemum. Chrysanthemums grow from roots. " So we know that some flowers are planted by seeds, some are pressed and some are cuttings. "What leaf is that?" "That's buttonwood leaves, poplar leaves, Hollyleaf leaves, etc. , so as to know which are deciduous trees and which are evergreen trees. We will seize the opportunity to introduce these plants to children and let them know their roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits through perceptual activities such as seeing, touching and smelling. The shape, color, smell and function of seeds enrich relevant scientific knowledge. Under the fruit trees and in the fields, children can take the initiative to communicate with farmers' uncles. In the conversation, children naturally show their admiration and understand why they should develop the good habit of thrift. Understand the profound meaning of "every grain is hard".
2 teach children the method of observation and guide them to be good at observation.
In daily life, we often lead children to walk and teach them to observe in order, such as from top to bottom, from left to right, from inside to outside, from whole to part, from different angles. If we go to the orchard to observe fruit farmers picking apples, we will guide our children to observe the actions of farmers' uncles when picking apples. For example, what to do first and then what to do, how to do it in the end, what they think when they choose, and so on. Let children form a complete impression of the whole labor process of fruit farmers, thus improving the accuracy of observation. Another example is to organize children to know the white rabbit. Let the children know the object of observation first, then let them watch and inspire them to recite the children's song "White Rabbit, White Ear …". At the same time, encourage children to touch the white rabbit boldly, and enhance their observation purpose by asking questions in this process.
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For example, "What color is the white rabbit?" "Is its hair soft or hard?" "What color are its eyes?" "What do ears look like?" And so on, let children observe purposefully according to the problem. Through the comprehensive use of hands, eyes, mouth and brain organs, children not only have a more perceptual and specific understanding of the white rabbit in nursery rhymes, but also greatly improve their observation ability, and unconsciously develop their perception ability, thinking ability and language expression ability.
3 create a good observation environment and guide children to observe diligently.
3. 1 Set up a natural corner in the class to let children participate in management. In order to create a good observation environment for children, we mobilize parents and children to carry out planting activities together and bring the planted plants into the garden with pots. Children planted seeds of various vegetables and flowers in a corner of nature, conducted seed germination experiments and participated in the process of flower cultivation. In planting activities, children participate in management, watering, soil cultivation, fertilization and other labor, and often carefully observe their changes. From the first bud of the seed to the fruit, the flowers bloom and fall, and the subtle changes can't escape the children's eyes. Children's observation cards record the process of plant growth and change. Observation stimulates children's interest in learning and promotes the development of emotion, hands-on, brain-thinking and attention.
3.2 Teachers are good at discovering observation opportunities in life and guiding children to observe randomly. Due to the limitation of age, children are particularly interested in colorful and vivid objects. When we guide our children to observe, we try our best to let their various sensory organs participate in cognitive activities. Spring is coming, take the children to nature and see with your own eyes all kinds of small seedlings and grasses that have broken ground; Children will soon find that trees are turning green, wheat seedlings are growing, pink flowers are blooming on peach trees, and small ants are coming out of holes ... These findings will make children extremely happy and jump for joy. When summer comes, listen to the beautiful cicadas with your own ears, observe the plants in the vegetable fields and catch insects; In autumn, touch the full and fragrant ears of wheat with your own hands, chase and play in the fields, and taste the sweet fruits of harvest; In winter, enjoy the cool snowflake ice, make a snowman and have a snowball fight, so as to know the four seasons. When children are interested, their attention will be focused. In play, children's interest and thirst for knowledge have been better developed.
4 lead children to improve their observation ability in "natural scenes". The traditional teaching mode gives children too much room for creation and imagination. Therefore, leading children from "classroom learning" to "natural scene learning" has given children full and free space to imagine and play, and our educational effect is far better than expected. Although children grew up in the countryside, they still don't know enough about the growth process of various plants. Therefore, we use plantations to let children grow common vegetable plants such as peppers and cucumbers. In the process of planting labor, teachers consciously guide children to observe things, understand some common sense of plant growth, teach them how to take care of plants and accumulate some simple planting experience. Children seem to have planted hope since the seeds were sown. When they come to the garden or have outdoor activities every morning, do they always forget to take a look at the plantation to see if the peppers and cucumbers they planted have sprouted? Have you grown up? When they came here, they counted a few small buds and watered the fields with buckets, which not only enriched the lives of young children, but also stimulated their observation. This is really killing two birds with one stone. Under the careful care of the children, Xiao Weiwei grew up healthily with the children day by day. At harvest time, we take our children to harvest together and experience the fruits of labor. In this process, children naturally get the simple law of plant growth through their own experience and participation, and at the same time experience the hard work and happiness of farmland operation.
Cultivating children's observation ability is the way for children to know the world and increase their knowledge. With good observation, children have the "golden key" to know the world. In short, in daily life, we will constantly provide children with opportunities for observation, choose things that children prefer, and guide and inspire them step by step, so that children can develop the habit of careful observation, develop their observation ability and effectively improve their intelligence.