2, how to quit smoking: a betel nut, drill a small hole, and then pour a little smoke into the small hole instead of oil to soak for two days to dry. Smoke if you want, but don't smoke if you smell it. Anyone who smells it can quit smoking.
3, how to sober up: vinegar, sugar, tea each 100 grams, drink immediately, can achieve rapid sober up, drink more to sober up faster.
4, tooth whitening: when brushing your teeth, add a little baking soda powder to the toothpaste. Brush your teeth as white as jade for three times, and the tooth rust will naturally fall off.
5, how to get rid of bad breath: put a few pieces of tea in your mouth three times a day, so as to keep your mouth fragrant and get rid of bad breath after three days.
6. What should I do if my voice is hoarse? 50 grams of vinegar essence and 50 grams of sugar, mixed with 250 grams of cold water, drink slowly, once a day, and twice in the evening in severe cases.
7. Big ones
-
7 Reply: 199 Classic folk prescription worthy of collection.
Dip your little finger in chopped green onion and a little sesame oil.
insert
8, psoriasis: half a catty of rice vinegar soaked one or two peeled pine nuts, soaked for two days, rubbed three times a day, the effect is better. You can also apply it with a spoonful of orange peel powder and half a spoonful of sesame oil.
9, toothache trick: use peach kernel to heat on the fire and put it on the painful teeth to bite, so that there will be no toothache several times.
10. What about nosebleeds? When the nose bleeds a lot, the patient should lie on his back, with his hands facing the nose and his eyes high, and the acupoints will be automatically closed to stop bleeding immediately.
1 1, fishbone stuck in throat: wash your throat with mature vinegar, then swallow it slowly, and it will be cured after repeated times.
12, athlete's foot tip: a catty of rice vinegar, pour vinegar into a basin, soak or soak it twice a day, each time for about an hour, diminish inflammation, sterilize, cure feet, simple, effective and fast, and cure it in four days.
13. Deafness and tinnitus after illness: garlic-flavored cat nose and cat urine. Two drops of cat urine once and three times can cure deafness. Tinnitus can be cured by baking snakeskin to ashes and blowing it into the ear three times.
14, a new method to control diabetes: a catty of fresh corn. After the corn blooms, fry it in water for four times and drink a bowl every day. This prescription can't be rooted, but can only control the disease. Can lower blood sugar. Patients with edema and increased urine volume take it, and the effect is particularly good.
15, snoring and grinding teeth while sleeping: there is an orange peel in the mouth when sleeping, and there are 3-5 snoring teeth. 15 minutes later can be cured.
16, foot odor, foot sweat: grind alum into fine powder, rub the sole of the foot for 10 minute, and the feet will not sweat or stink after 3-4 times. It can last seven or eight months.
17, epilepsy (claw): one earthworm, half alum in a big bowl and washed away with boiling water. One bowl at a time, start on an empty stomach in the morning and drink for ten days.
18, oral inflammation: eat a pear every morning and evening, slowly swallow it, keep it for 3-4 days, and get better soon. Severe cases can also be treated with this prescription.
19, coronary heart disease: 50 grams of soybeans, boiled in salt, eat for 3-4 days, this prescription is particularly ideal for controlling coronary heart disease, use this prescription after getting sick.
20. Tips for treating migraine: Stick white radish skin on both temples for 20 minutes every night to achieve quick results. You don't need to stick it if your head doesn't hurt. This prescription is mainly used to treat dizziness and brain swelling.
Reply 10: 199 classic folk prescription worthy of collection.
2 1, remedy for hemorrhoids: put urea in a basin in twos and threes, boil it, put the towel in a damp place, wring it out and put it on a stool. Ten minutes at a time, three times a day, seven days. Can be used for treating internal hemorrhoid, external hemorrhoid, hematochezia, and proctoptosis.
22, rapid lactation: sesame fried, add a little salt, it is best to start eating before delivery 10 days, when eating non-staple food, it can quickly increase milk, the more you eat, the faster the milk comes.
23. Tips for treating insomnia: Chop the green onions and put them in a small plate. Before going to bed, put the saucer on the pillow and you can sleep peacefully. It will be cured in a few days. If you can't sleep all the year round, you can get rid of the roots in 5 days after border treatment.
24, heart disease: eat 50 grams of pineapple every morning and evening, the best effect is 5-7 days, and you will not get sick for about 2 years. Eat after you get sick. If the condition is serious, take it twice a day to stabilize the condition.
25. What about impaired vision? Dry apricot skin and shred it into a small pillow, which can attract people's attention. Yes, my vision is impaired. Seeing wind, tears, myopia and hyperopia all have certain curative effects.
26, hand and foot crack: medicinal rheumatism cream, affixed to the affected area, removed after one day, grow well.
27. Dermatitis tip: Rub the affected melon leaves until they are red, once every seven days, for a total of three times. Severe cases can be cured after 6 times.
28. Rhinitis: Put a cotton ball of fragrant oil into the nose 15 minutes, then take it out, for 2-3 days, 3 times a day, and use it twice in severe cases. You can also put garlic vinegar in your nose.
29, high blood pressure: two or two fresh kelp, make a bowl of seaweed soup, do not put green vegetables, drink on an empty stomach in the morning, even drink for ten days, kelp can quickly return to normal blood pressure.
30, kidney deficiency: fresh Jiang Dou100g, add water and a little salt to boil, 3-5 days before each meal can be restored to health, such as regular consumption of the best effect on physical fitness.
3 1, facial freckle method: soak apricots in water, peel them, mash them into mud, add an egg white and mix well, and wash them with white wine every night before going to bed until the spots recede.
32. Folk treatment of stomach diseases: take 20 red-skinned egg shells and put them on tiles, bake them with fire and grind them into fine powder. Take it with sugar water, take a spoonful before drinking, twice a day until it is finished. This prescription is very precious and has a good effect on calcium supplementation and rickets.
33. Injury from falls: The leek was mashed, and the little boy urinated less. He stuck it on the wound for several hours to reduce swelling and returned to normal after three days.
34, fast weight loss: go to the state-run teahouse to buy two or two oolong teas, drink oolong tea for a week can quickly melt fat and promote fat metabolism, achieve the purpose of losing weight and prevent obesity. (strong tea)
35, the secret of longevity: exercise regularly, don't get angry, insist on eating more sugar and garlic every year, sugar and garlic are good medicine to prolong life, it can kill a variety of harmful bacteria in the body.
36, irregular menstruation: take two or two rural perilla, drink four cups of light after hot water, and drink for a few more days. It can quickly regulate menstruation and soothe the nerves, and has special effects on dysmenorrhea and menstrual cold.
37. Small white head: Wash your hair with 500 grams of scallops once a day for 6-8 times, so that the regrown hair will be dark and thick. If there are many hoary heads, you can wash them several times.
38. Thick skin becomes tender: wipe your face with egg white every night and wash it off with water after one hour. If you can rub it regularly, your skin will become more and more tender.
39, scapulohumeral periarthritis, lumbago and leg pain, ischium, lumbar disc herniation: Bake seven Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga (scorpion) to ashes, put seven or two yellow wines in a bottle for seven days and seven nights, drink seven or two yellow wines at seven o'clock every night, and hit the affected area with your fists. Seriously ill people can recover after taking more courses.
40. Prescription for pulmonary tuberculosis: 500 grams of live cocoons and pupae are baked with fire and ground into fine powder, 3-5 grams each time, twice a day, and the effect is very good until they are used up. This prescription is provided by China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
4 1, arthritis pain relief method: burn straw into ash, put it in a small bag, stick it on the painful place for one hour every night, and stick it three times to cure it. This side is simple. The effect is good, and the waist and leg pain are obviously improved.
42, underarm body odor: rice vinegar 100 grams, fennel powder 5 grams. After mixing evenly, apply it to the lower part of the intestine for several times, and the body odor will disappear immediately.
43. What should I do if I itch? Cut a piece of ginger and wipe the soles of your feet. Men rub their left side and women rub their right side for ten minutes at a time.
44, hyperosteogeny: four sheep tibia, brown with big firewood and mashed into noodles, one or two with yellow wine after meals every day, taken several times.
45. Swallow hard metal objects by mistake: You can eat leeks once they are fried, break the glass, and use this noodle after eating.
46, numbness of hands and feet: soaked black fungus, peach kernel, honey each 120g, * * * smashed into mud, steamed in a bowl, never numb after eating within 4 days, prohibited for pregnant women.
47, hair loss, scalp: Chinese cabbage roots washed and sliced, put into the pot twice for a long time, add vinegar to wash your hair, wash for seven or eight days, can make your hair soft and bright, and the scalp will soon disappear. I haven't lost a hair.
48. How to treat onychomycosis? Muddle purple garlic and add a little alum to the onychomycosis. Don't paint it too thick. Then seal the nails with plastic sheets. It only takes seven or eight days for the plastic sheet to have good light transmission and sealing effect, and it is good to have a feeling of rising.
49. How to get rid of roundworms: 50- 100 pumpkin seeds (shelled and preserved) are ground, and water and sugar are added to make a paste. Just eat it once on an empty stomach, which can drive away many pests and diseases on children.
50, how to treat mastitis: a small piece of cactus ground, add three drops of sesame oil.
5 1, How to treat the corns of feet: cut a small eye in the middle with a piece of adhesive tape and stick it on the corns. When corns appear in the small eyes, sprinkle a little urea surface (fertilizer) on the eyes, and then press it with a piece of adhesive tape. Change it once every three days, six times, and the corns will disappear on their own.
52, prostatitis: three or two dried dates, three chicken livers, stewed with fire, even soup, even three times.
53, rheumatoid disease: use fresh mulberry branches, how much can be chopped, mix a little wine and fry in the pot, add water to lick your eyes, take a cup in the morning and evening, and take it effectively.
1. The medicine used in this cream is mainly food, which is absolutely non-toxic.
2. In order to make readers understand, dosage units are all old, such as gold, beam, money, etc. Some use bowls, which refer to ordinary middle bowls.
3. Drugs marked with * can generally be bought in Chinese medicine shops, and pharmacies have them.
The vinegar mentioned in the sticker is common edible vinegar. If white vinegar is used, it will be indicated separately.
The white wine mentioned in the sticker refers to the white wine with the temperature above 50 degrees.
6. Some diseases need to be avoided during the treatment, which means that if you don't avoid eating during the medication, it will affect the curative effect.
7, combined with the ancient folk traditional secret recipe circulated for a long time to sort out valuable information. It brings together many famous prescriptions, wonderful prescriptions and secret techniques from ancient times to modern times, which not only brings convenience to the people, but also is a treasure book for every household. But also has great reference value for some doctors who specialize in traditional Chinese and western medicine.
I. Neck
1, the first cold: scallion (even beard), ginger slice 5 yuan, a bowl of water, add a proper amount of red pond and scald it once, weigh it (scallion and ginger don't need to be taken), sleep immediately, and sweat will heal.
2. Cold for many days: the daytime usage is the same as the first time. In addition, before going to bed at night, mash garlic into paste, apply it to your feet (Yongquan point, each foot can be coated with soybeans), wrap it in cloth, and take it out the next morning. It will heal in 2-3 days.
3, headache (all kinds of headaches can be): raw white radish juice, two drops per nostril (two nostrils), twice a day, even for 4-5 days, can be cured. Avoid eating peppers and peppers.
4, dizziness (dizziness, dizziness): duck eggs 1 piece, 20 red beans, stir evenly and steam, take it in the morning, 1 time a day, with special effects for 7 days. Avoid alcohol and spicy food.
5, insomnia and dreaminess: use half a basin of hot water before going to bed, add one or two vinegar to soak your feet for 20 minutes, and eat raw scallion 1-2.
6, dry cough (caused by a cold or other reasons): raw black sesame 3 yuan (about a spoonful), the right amount of rock sugar, * * * mashed boiled water in the morning, take an empty suit, recover in 3 days, eat less fish.
7. Cough (including acute bronchitis, bronchitis and tracheitis in children): two carrots and two pears. Chop them together, add a bowl of water, add some rock sugar after cooking, twice a day for 3 days. Clearing heat and resolving phlegm. Can be used in conjunction with article 9.
8. Old tracheitis (chronic tracheitis): After frosting in winter, take one or two loofah vines and one or two licorice roots, and decoct them in a bowl of water twice a day for half a month to 20 days, which can be cured. Avoid spicy tobacco and alcohol, and it is best to use it in conjunction with Article 9.
9. Chronic cough (cough caused by emphysema and tracheitis): one or two pieces of alum are ground into powder and mixed with vinegar to make a paste. Before going to bed every night, take a big lump of soybeans and apply it to the heart (Yongquan point, feet), wrap it in cloth and take it out the next morning. There are special effects for 7 days.
10. Asthma (the same as children's asthma): half a catty of dried earthworm, fried and ground into powder, and taken with white sugar water, with 2 yuan (about half a spoonful of powder) every time, twice a day, and recovered after taking it. Avoid spicy food.
-
16
1 1, stomachache, acid regurgitation, gastroptosis, antritis: scald garlic once or twice, add a bowl of water to boil, and add appropriate amount of sugar to eat on an empty stomach twice a day for 7 days, and you can be cured.
12, gastric and duodenal ulcers: 30 scrambled egg shells are ground into powder, and half a catty of wheat flour is fried together, shaken evenly, and used before meals in the morning and evening. Take it with boiled water, once in 2 yuan (about half a spoonful), twice a day. Generally, one dose of medicine can be cured, and a serious illness requires two doses.
13, hypertension, hyperlipidemia: celery seed * one or two, wrapped in gauze, put 10 kg of water to decoction, and drink 1 cup in the morning and evening. Those who are not afraid of spicy food can eat 2 raw garlic in the morning, noon and evening, which has the special effect of lowering blood pressure and blood lipid.
14, heart disease, coronary heart disease: peanut shell once or twice, mung bean 5 yuan, a bowl of soup, twice a day, it takes half a month.
15, gastroenteritis, diarrhea: stir-fry wheat flour for half a second each time, add appropriate amount of white sugar and mix well with boiling water twice a day, and take it before meals for 2-3 days. Avoid eating persimmons, bananas and greasy food.
16, dyspepsia (same as infantile dyspepsia): Chicken fur 4 is fried and ground into powder, which is taken with white sugar water twice a day before meals, with 2 yuan (about half a spoonful) for each time and half a tablet for children. After one dose, snails are not eaten.
17, chest tightness and flatulence: white radish seed *5 yuan, decoct a bowl of soup three times a day for three days, which has the effect of eliminating stagnation and smoothing qi.
18, neurasthenia: pig brain 1 2, add a spoonful of honey, steam and eat once a day for 5- 10 days.
19. Anemia: When killing chickens and ducks, pour the blood on a piece of white paper, dry it and knead it into powder, mix it with wine, spoon the powder once and a half, twice a day, and take it for half a month. Avoid kelp.
20, internal heat and dry mouth: reed root *, mung bean 5 yuan, add a bowl of water to boil, add a proper amount of rock sugar, go to reed root to eat beans and drink soup, twice a day, even for 3 days. Promoting fluid production and moistening lung, reducing fire and relieving fever.
2 1, chronic hepatitis: take cogongrass rhizome * 22 every time, boil a bowl of water and drink soup three times a day, usually for half a month, and avoid spicy food.
22. Calculi of gallbladder, kidney and urethra: 50g of Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli and 50g of Stigma Maydis, decocted in a bowl of soup, taken once, 2-3 times a day, 10 day. Avoid eating liver, fat and egg yolk.
23, acute and chronic nephritis: 4 snakeheads, fish scales, intestines, etc. weighing about one. , green tea 2 yuan, wrapped in fish belly and tied with thread, add a bowl of water to boil, eat fish and drink soup, one dose a day, for 10- 15 days. Avoid alcohol, salt, bananas and sexual intercourse.
24, cholecystitis: wax gourd seeds, mung beans each 5 yuan fried a bowl of soup, one time. 10 three times a day.
25, diabetes: one pig pancreas, winter melon skin 1 2, boiled with water, eat less oil, salt and seasoning (no wine, sugar), one dose a day, even for 20 days.
26, poor memory: a goose egg, put in a bowl and add appropriate amount of sugar to mix well, steamed in the morning, eat for 5 days. It has the function of clearing brain and improving intelligence, and has special effects on enhancing memory. Avoid kelp, peppers, animal blood, wine and mung beans.
27, urine impassability: willow leaves 1 two, fry a bowl of soup once, twice a day, 2-3 days can urinate smoothly.
28, urinary incontinence (urgency, uncontrollable): a pair of chicken intestines, washed and dried, fried and ground into powder, yellow wine to take, each time 1 yuan, three times a day, the better after taking. Avoid ginger and spicy food.
29, frequent urination (frequent urination): raw leek seeds *3 two, ground into powder, 2 yuan with boiling water every time, twice a day, generally need to take 2- 10 day. Avoid strong tea and milk.
30. Constipation (dry stool, difficulty in defecation): Take a bowl of cooked pumpkin, add 5 yuan lard and appropriate amount of salt once a day, once effective, and it can be cured in 3 days.
3 1. Dysentery and diarrhea: use two ends of garlic at a time and burn a bowl of water-empty soup in the skin twice a day for three days, which can diminish inflammation and detoxify, and is especially effective in treating chronic diarrhea.
32. Snoring: 5- 10 Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Bubble a glass of water with boiling water before going to bed, and take it after the water is cold. Take it for 5 days and never snore again.
33, snoring: use small nails, ignite the smell, while it continues.
34. Motion sickness: cut a piece of ginger and put it in your mouth when you ride, or stick it on your navel with a plaster (forbidden for pregnant women). For serious carsickness, you can use two ways of special effects.
35. Stroke: Drink 1 celery juice every day, the sick person will take it for half a month, and the seriously ill person will recover after taking it for one month. Avoid eating mutton and duck blood.
36. Neuropathy (also known as epilepsy, epilepsy, madness, fox spirit): two dried peaches *3, cut into fine powder with a knife, divided into ten parts, one pill at a time, and taken with light alum water at the onset, twice a day, five days as a course of treatment, for three courses of treatment.
37, hyperthyroidism: Dioscorea bulbifera *9- 12 grams, fried in three bowls of water into a bowl, once a day; In addition, 50 g 1 kg liquor can be used, and the metabolic rate is obviously reduced after taking 1 for two weeks and 5-8 weeks.
38, chronic enteritis: egg white 1, half a Liang of white wine, mixed, taken every night before going to bed.
Second, pediatrics.
39. Children's cold (including infants): Ginger 5 yuan, decocted in half a bowl of water and Tang Hong, twice a day, can be cured in two days.
40, whooping cough (and infant asthma): a garlic, peeled and mashed, add 3 yuan sugar, after half an hour, take it with boiling water for one or two days, two days can cure children's cough and infant asthma, with special effects.
4 1, infantile enuresis: raw scallion, mashed, apply navel every night before going to bed, wrap it with cloth, remove it the next morning, and it can be cured in 3-5 days.
42. Night crying: Adults chew a handful of green tea in their mouths, apply navel to their children before going to bed every night, wrap it in cloth, take it off the next morning and apply it for 3 days.
43. Diarrhea and bloating in children: burn one end of garlic with skin, then boil it with half a bowl of water, add appropriate amount of sugar to drink soup once a day, usually for two or three days, to help digestion and stop diarrhea.
44, night sweats (the same as adult night sweats): half a catty of old tofu, sliced and burned in a pot, plus a bowl of water, appropriate amount of sugar, boiled soup and even eaten, taken every night before going to bed, cured in 3 days.
45, Ascaris: 20 raw pumpkin seeds, take it on an empty stomach before meals, eat once, and the worms can be discharged with the stool the next day.
46, often itchy on the anal door: apply a piece of ointment on the anus before going to bed every night, and remove it the next morning for three consecutive days.
47, children anorexia (do not think about eating): hawthorn *3 money, chicken skin 1 money, add half a bowl of water to eat before meals, twice a day, even for three days, has the effect of appetizing and helping digestion.
48. Abdominal pain (same as adult abdominal pain): Stick an orange peel on the navel. Stir-fry with half a catty of salt (not too hot) and apply it to the orange peel to relieve the pain immediately.
49. Eat sundries: half a catty of leeks, don't chop them, add more lard when frying, and after eating at one time, sundries can be discharged with the stool.
50, grinding teeth: eat a piece of raw orange peel every night before going to bed for 2-3 days, which can cure children and adults to grind their teeth.
5 1, drooling (adults and the elderly always drool like this when sleeping): half a catty of loach, eviscerated, dried in the sun, fried and ground into powder, and served with yellow wine, two yuan once a day.
52. Children's calcium deficiency: 5 yuan with shrimp skin every time, kelp 1, cook soup together, add salt, eat once a day for half a month.
53. Mumps: vinegar and ink are mixed according to 1: 1. Dip this product with a brush and apply it to the affected area, 5-6 times a day. Generally, the swelling on the cheeks will disappear in two or three days.
54, intestinal gas: 5 yuan, raw ginger juice, give the child a bath first, and when sweating all over, wipe the affected area with ginger juice twice a day for three or four days, and it will not recur in the future.
55. Prescription for calming down the examination room: As soon as students enter the examination room, they will go to the battlefield, and often they will be flustered and have stage fright because of excessive tension, so they will not be able to play normally and their reputation will be ruined in Sun Shan. This is the prescription: Ziziphus jujuba seed and mung bean, one or two each. Cook a bowl of soup once and eat it twice a day. Power should be taken two days before the exam until the end of the exam, which has the effect of calming the nerves.
Third, surgery.
56, arthritis, scapulohumeral periarthritis (including rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis): eat 1 kg of salt, stir-fry in the pot, add scallion beard and ginger 3 yuan, wrap them in cloth together, and hot compress the affected area until the salt is cool; Once a day for a week, it has the effect of chasing wind and eliminating dampness.
57. Strain and low back pain: Artemisia argyi once or twice, fried crab shells once or twice, and a catty of white wine. After three days, the waist is coated with wine, 2-3 times a day for 7- 10 days, which can cure low back pain for many years.
58, kidney deficiency and low back pain: half a catty of loofah seeds, fried yellow and ground into powder. Liquor is given 1 yuan each time, twice a day, and will heal itself after taking it. This prescription can also treat postpartum low back pain of women.
59, sciatica: eat a catty of refined salt, add one or two pieces of Artemisia argyi after frying, wrap the affected area with cloth until the salt is cool, once a day, 5- 10 day. Salt can be reused every day.
60, cervical pain: sheep bones (raw, boiled) two or two, mashed and fried yellow, soaked in white wine 1 kg, rubbed neck three times a day, generally only 15 days, can be cured.
6 1, bone spur (hyperosteogeny): three or two dog bones, mashed 1 kg, fried and soaked in white wine, and rubbed the affected area with wine three days later (this wine is best three times a day, one cup each time, and it will be cured in half a month.
62, leg cramps: Mulberry * one or two, fry a bowl of soup once, twice a day, and recover in 5 days.
63, numbness of limbs: one or two old loofah tendons, fry a bowl of soup once, twice a day, even for a week, with special effects.
64, internal hemorrhoids and external hemorrhoids: a snail a day, uncovered. Add Borneolum Syntheticum * 1 yuan, apply snail water to the anus "He" door after 5 minutes, twice a day, and recover in 7 days. Don't eat alcohol or spicy food.
65. Injection caking: Cut potatoes into half-centimeter-thick slices, apply them to the affected area, and then cover them with a hot towel twice a day for 20 minutes each time, and the lumps will dissipate in 2-3 days.
66. Body odor: 50 pieces of Chinese prickly ash and 50 pieces of Chinese prickly ash are ground into powder, then borneol *2 yuan is added and mixed evenly with medical alcohol. A small group is applied to the affected area every day, and it can be eradicated in half a month once a day.
67. Mouth-eye askew (facial paralysis): Apply the blood of Monopterus albus to the face, apply it to the left, and apply it repeatedly from left to right with the palm of your hand for 2 minutes each time, twice a day, and the right eye is askew and reversed, and it will be positive in three or four days.
68, proctoptosis (remove the anal "and" door when defecating): fry the anal "and" door with half a catty of leek and 2 jins of water every time, twice a day, and wash it for three days.
69. stiff neck (neck pain caused by uncomfortable pillow or posture when sleeping): the leek juice is rubbed on the neck after heating, seven or eight times a day. It will be cured in 2-3 days.
70. Quit smoking: dry pumpkin vines once or twice, fry a bowl of Tonga with proper amount of brown sugar once, three times a day, and don't want to smoke again after 7 days.
7 1, abstinence: soak a live eel in a bottle of white wine for two days, 1 time 1-2 twice a day, three times a day, and never want to drink a drop of wine after drinking.
72, drinking is not drunk: Pueraria lobata * 1 money, soak a cup of boiling water before drinking, alcohol can solve, so people will not get drunk.