Analysis:
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Emotion and emotion are people's attitude and experience about whether objective things meet their own needs. For example, getting good grades in exams makes people relaxed and happy; Losing loved ones is sad and painful; Being beaten and scolded will make you angry and hostile; When you are in a critical situation, you will feel anxious, afraid, etc.
Anything that can satisfy people's needs or desires can cause positive experiences, such as pleasure, joy, satisfaction, admiration and respect. Anything that does not meet the needs or goes against the will will cause negative experiences, such as unhappiness, anger, hatred, fear, sadness, shame and so on.
Sometimes, even the same thing will have different inner experiences for different people. For example, when lovers see the same full moon, they experience the beautiful feelings of joy and admiration, while wandering alone in a foreign land is evoked endless homesickness and melancholy.
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-college students' mood and emotional characteristics
College students' emotions are rich, complex and unstable. Very sensitive and concerned about various phenomena, and very persistent in the pursuit of friendship, love and justice. Love thinking, love arguing, and even take actions to safeguard the truth, goodness and beauty in their minds; Their emotional experience is profound and intense, their feelings are easily exposed, their emotions are often superficial, they are impulsive and emotional to the outside world, and then they regret it; The mood fluctuates greatly, showing a bipolar trend, sometimes excited like volcanic eruption, sometimes depressed, and even losing the courage to live.
1. Stability and fluctuation coexist.
College students have the ability to control their emotions by themselves, and generally can restrain their impulses with reason and adjust their bad emotions by themselves. On the other hand, there are also unstable factors. For example, sometimes calm, sometimes excited, sometimes positive, sometimes negative, sometimes positive, sometimes negative, sometimes explicit, sometimes implicit and so on.
2. Abundance and complexity coexist
First of all, college students are sensitive, rich in self-emotion, and pay attention to independence, self-esteem, self-confidence and competitiveness; Have a strong thirst for knowledge, curiosity, love science and truth, hate superstition and fallacy; They have deep feelings, national pride and self-esteem for the motherland, society and the collective, a sense of responsibility and obligation of "the rise and fall of the world, the responsibility of every man", hatred for evil, a clear distinction between likes and dislikes, and a clear sense of justice; College students yearn for pure friendship and love, and actively experience the feeling of beauty in the activities of developing, appreciating and creating beauty.
Secondly, rich feelings are characterized by being explicit and locked, introverted and impulsive. Usually, college students are quick and sensitive to the outside world, and their emotions are beyond words. Their inner experience is consistent with their external performance, showing extroverted characteristics, such as cheering for the victory of the competition and being depressed because of the failure of the exam; But in some specific occasions, its external performance and internal experience are not consistent. For example, when college students feel unfriendly and unfair treatment and oppression, they will close their hearts and not easily reveal their true feelings without being understood and respected. Sometimes, we use decoration and inversion to cover up our inner feelings.
3. Stages and levels coexist
(1) Emotions and emotions of college students of different grades
College students are full of pride in becoming college students, feel fresh and curious about everything, and experience the ease and pleasure of getting out of "black July" (black June in the future); Because of the non-ideal majors, colleges and universities, and the gap in their status in the class, they will feel disappointed, confused and inferior. At the same time, it will produce pressure and urgency; Unfamiliar environment often leads to nostalgia, missing parents, family and old classmates.
Middle-grade college students' adaptive emotions are enhanced, their professional thoughts tend to be stable, their interest in learning is strong, their thirst for knowledge is strong, their thinking is active, and their sense of independence, self-esteem and self-confidence are developed. They have more interpersonal contacts, established friendship, close feelings and wide hobbies, actively participated in social activities, further developed their sense of social responsibility, obligation, honor and beauty, and maintained relatively stable emotions and emotions.
Senior college students' sense of social responsibility is obviously enhanced, and their social feelings are increasingly rich. They are more concerned about the relationship between individuals and society and think about the value of life! The sense of urgency and anxiety is obvious, and I miss school and my classmates.
(2) The mood and emotion of college students at different levels.
Excellent students have a strong sense of independence, self-esteem, positive, cheerful and optimistic mood, a strong thirst for knowledge and a strong interest in learning, and can feel happiness, responsibility and honor.
Underachievers are full of contradictions. On the one hand, they want to get rid of the backward hat, on the other hand, they lack perseverance and perseverance, feel pain and regret, and have inferiority and self-esteem.
Second, college students' emotional barriers and adjustment
Emotion dominates health. If we can always be happy, comfortable, cheerful and optimistic, the human immune function will be strong and the disease infection will be reduced. "People are happy when they are happy" and "Laugh for ten years" are very philosophical.
Inferiority refers to persistent negative emotions and excessive emotional reactions, such as sadness and depression caused by sudden disasters, which cannot be eliminated for a long time; Or emotional reaction is too intense. Even a happy mood may turn into a bad mood because of an inappropriate response. Under the long-term effect of negative emotions such as depression, tension, anxiety and fear, the immune function of human body declines and it is easy to suffer from various diseases. Common diseases of college students are mostly related to nervousness, depression, anxiety and other emotions.
Anxiety and its countermeasures
Anxiety is an emotional experience of tension, fear, worry and anxiety. The causes of college students' anxiety come from society, schools and individuals. For example, the accelerated pace of life, fierce competition, the expansion of information and the impact of psychology and behavior are prone to confusion, confusion, tension, anxiety and disorientation; Another example is to feel nervous, worried and anxious in the face of competition and heavy learning tasks; For another example, some college students are cautious, indecisive, dependent, overestimating difficulties, blaming themselves and prone to anxiety. What should we do? We should take the following countermeasures:
(1) Let go of your baggage and get on the road easily.
We should not pay too much attention to the success or failure of certain events.
(2) act decisively and actively.
In the face of choices and difficulties, we should face them bravely and overcome ourselves.
(3) the combination of static and dynamic, physical and mental relaxation
Carry out proper physical exercise, release tension, calm mood and relieve anxiety through imagination relaxation and music adjustment.
2. Anger and its countermeasures
Anger is a violent emotional reaction when objective things go against subjective wishes, or when wishes are blocked and cannot be realized. The degree can range from discontent, anger, anger, anger to rage. Anger can lead to physical illness and weaken or lose people's self-control, such as hurting people with their mouths and hitting people with their hands. When you want to get angry, you should take the following countermeasures:
(1) Strengthen self-cultivation.
Be open-minded, tolerant and considerate of others, and not haggle over trifles, so as to gain the trust, respect and understanding of others.
(2) Calm and restrained
Leave the environment that makes you angry for a while, or hint that you "should be calm and don't get angry", or write down banners such as "control your anger" and "think twice before you act" to remind yourself.
(3) Reasonable drainage
By talking, writing letters, keeping a diary, etc. Or carry out cultural and sports activities, make a hullabaloo about and other ways to vent their anger.
3. Depression and its countermeasures
Depression is an inner experience when emotions and emotions are restrained and restrained and cannot be properly expressed and vented. Mixed with discontent, depression, worry, emptiness, confusion, loneliness and other emotions. Long-term severe depression can induce diseases. The countermeasures are as follows:
objective analysis
If you feel bored and depressed because of monotonous life and lack of change, you should pay attention to cultivating a wide range of hobbies and actively participate in various activities, such as joining literary societies, philatelic associations, young volunteers and so on! Art troupe, etc. , can enrich life, enrich thoughts and cultivate sentiment, thus eliminating depression.
(2) Proper ventilation
Bacon said that if you tell a friend happiness, you will get two happiness; And if you talk to a friend about your troubles, you share half. So when you feel depressed, you should also talk to your friends, or keep a diary, write letters, exercise, etc.
4. Depression and its countermeasures
Depression is a lasting negative emotional experience. Persistent and severe depression may lead to a variety of physical and mental diseases.
Some students see life in black and white, good and bad, and pay more attention to its negative and dark side, which is easy to be pessimistic and depressed. When encountering a sudden disaster, it may lead to depression. In addition, college students who are introverted, sensitive, suspicious, dependent and pessimistic are more likely to fall into depression than other students. The countermeasures are as follows:
(1) Correct mistakes and understand them correctly.
For example, we should correct prejudices and misconceptions such as "setbacks and misfortunes should not happen" and "I can't fail", be prepared for setbacks, and regard difficulties and misfortunes as opportunities for life to hone and grow. I believe I will get out of the predicament and reach the other side of success.
(2) Re-evaluate and accept yourself.
We should be good at discovering our own advantages and enhancing our self-confidence and self-esteem. We should constantly overcome our own shortcomings; We should accept the unchangeable reality of family and appearance, and try our best to compensate in other ways.
(3) Actively communicate and participate in activities.
Enhance the initiative of communication and change the behavior of withdrawal and withdrawal. For example, smile actively, greet classmates, talk, care for others, participate in various cultural and sports activities, make friends, and feel the preciousness of friendship and the beauty of life.
5. Indifference and its countermeasures
Indifference is a negative emotional experience of indifference, indifference and concession to the outside world. They are indifferent to learning, indifferent to grades, indifferent, withdrawn, sleepy and indifferent. The countermeasures are as follows:
(1) Analyze the reasons.
Find out the crux and face it bravely.
(2) Understanding life
We should realize that there are joys and troubles in a person's life; There are joys and setbacks; There are both happiness and disaster.
(3) Participate in activities
We should open our locked hearts, melt the cold ice in the warm current of friendship and develop a wide range of interests.
6. Jealousy and its countermeasures
Vanity and jealousy are bad emotions, because a person's social respect needs are not met. It includes anxiety, fear, sadness, disappointment, anger, hostility, hatred, jealousy, shame and other unpleasant emotions, and it is a complex emotional experience.
The reason is mainly due to the strong vanity, selfish narrowness, cognitive bias and other bad personality factors. The countermeasures are as follows:
(1) Correct understanding
To understand the truth that "the ruler is short and the inch is long", we must not lag behind others and be inferior to others.
(2) Reasonable transformation
People with vanity and jealousy should say to themselves, "I can do whatever he wants", and then try to narrow the gap and catch up quickly.
(3) enrich life
Bacon said: "Jealousy is a wandering passion, and only idle people can enjoy it. Everyone who is immersed in his own career has no time to envy others. " Therefore, in addition to learning professional knowledge and skills, college students should also participate in various activities beneficial to the body and mind, such as sports competitions, cultural performances, stamp collecting, photography, painting, tourism and social practice. Cultivate a wide range of interests, make life full of joy, constantly enrich knowledge, develop ability, improve personality and cultivate sentiment in study and life, and we will definitely bid farewell to jealousy and work hand in hand with our classmates for common development.
Thirdly, the cultivation of college students' good mood and emotion.
1. Keep a positive and optimistic attitude.
(1) Establish a scientific and progressive outlook on life, values and morality.
Scientific and progressive outlook on life, values and morality are the basis of good mood and good mood. In people's life, they are in the core position, and they play a directional role in people's development. Anyone with a scientific and progressive outlook on life, values and morality is bound to be broad-minded and ambitious, regardless of personal gains and losses. Under any difficult and difficult conditions, he has great enthusiasm and selfless dedication. If he is blocked for a while, he will bypass it. On the contrary, it is bound to seek personal gain and be short-sighted. Once frustrated, you will be full of complaints and depressed.
(2) Correctly treat misfortunes and setbacks.
Ten things in life are unsatisfactory. Balzac once said: "things in the world are never absolute, and the results vary from person to person." Suffering is a stepping stone to success ... wealth for the capable and abyss for the weak. " When college students encounter setbacks or embarrassment, they can use humor to solve difficulties; When you fail, take heroes and role models as examples to motivate yourself.
For example, Stephen Huoquan, the most outstanding theoretical physicist after Einstein, was born in 1942 65438+ 10, and is commemorating the 300th anniversary of Galileo's death. He studied at Oxford University and Cambridge University in his early years, and now he is Lucas Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University (this position was originally held by Newton). 1962 suddenly developed "Luger's disease" (motor nerve disease-free). The doctor said he could live for two years at most, but the great scientist broke the limit of life again and again and lived for 40 months. His two major discoveries after the 1970s were: "BIGBANG" produced a "black hole"; Black holes emit particles and radiation. His major works include A Brief History of Time and The Universe in the Shell. He has an iron will, extraordinary wisdom, excellent knowledge, uncertain fate, noble taste, inspiring words with his illness, and extraordinary experience in pointing out the universe. He visited China twice in 1985 and 2002. He has given lectures in China University of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University and Zhejiang University. He loves life, likes music and dances in a wheelchair. He is familiar with palenque's Gloria, Bronze Violin Concerto, Beethoven's String Quartet, The Beatles' Please Make Me Happy and China's Turandot. He said, "I would rather die in the Great Wall than in Cambridge!" Stephen Huoquan is an example for contemporary youth to learn.
(3) fully participate in people's lives
Life is colorful, and there are all kinds of beautiful things in the universe. For example, people who love life can feel all these things, such as beautiful scenery, Shui Ying, flowers and birds, excellent books, cutting-edge science and technology, works of art, mutual help among classmates, love of relatives, healthy body and bright eyes of children. We should stimulate interest, pour enthusiasm and devote ourselves to various activities.
2. Get out of the misunderstanding of wrong ideas
Different people have different emotional experiences about the same thing. For example, the same campaign class cadres were unsuccessful, some were miserable, disappointed and upset, and some were calm; Similarly, they got 60 points in the exam. Some students are very satisfied and happy, while others are very sad. One-sided cognitive style and wrong ideas are the root causes of college students' bad emotions such as anxiety, depression, inferiority, fear and pain.
For example, some college students are absolute. They think everything will … not … so sometimes they will hear the opinions of "I must …" and "He should …". There is also generalization, which is a one-sided generalization from point to surface and a generalized cognitive way; A little more exaggerated, thinking that once something happens, it will be "all over" and "terrible".
3. Cultivate good mood and emotion in practice.
Participate in social practice, such as visiting, inspecting and sightseeing. Participating in learning and scientific and technological activities can generate interest in learning and curiosity; Take part in more aesthetic activities. This is an activity of discovering beauty, appreciating beauty and creating beauty. For example, calligraphy, photography, painting, participation in student associations, book reviews, film reviews, calligraphy and painting exhibitions, cultural performances and other activities; There are other ways, such as cultivating college students' sense of collective honor of unity, cooperation and hard work in sports competitions, and cultivating feelings of helping others and collective friendship in helping people in need.
4. Adjustment and elimination of bad emotions and emotions
(1) Tolerance and forbearance.
This includes two aspects: one is to be tolerant of yourself, and the other is to be tolerant of others. To tolerate oneself is not to tolerate one's own shortcomings and mistakes, but to tolerate the objective reality that one's subjective efforts cannot change; On the basis of not violating the principle, tolerating others is a high accomplishment and an open-minded performance.
1) Calm down: When there is going to be a conflict, you should consciously lower your voice, slow down and avoid leaning forward, which can dilute and alleviate the atmosphere of tension and conflict.
2) Calm down: If you want to get angry, count from 1 before you speak, or take the advice of Russian writer Turgenev and turn your tongue in your mouth 10 to strengthen self-restraint.
3) Empathy: For example, when you feel that you can't control your anger, you can leave the scene quickly to avoid the "angry heads" of both sides. When I come back, it is often calm; When you are upset or sad, you can do something you like, such as reading, practicing calligraphy, watching TV, playing ball, walking, dancing and singing.
(2) release and eliminate depression reasonably.
1) Talk: When you are full of troubles and worries, you can talk to your intimate friends, write a letter to talk about your unhappiness (you don't have to send it, tear it or burn it), or keep a diary.
2) Crying: When you are sad, both men and women don't have to hold back their tears. If they cry heartily, they will feel relaxed and calm.
3) Activities: such as sports (strength) activities with a large amount of exercise, fierce and fast-paced shouting, etc. , help to release tension and eliminate boredom and depression.
(3) self-suggestion, enhance confidence
I can consciously strengthen some ideas, thus affecting my emotions and behaviors. In this way, on the one hand, it can enhance self-confidence and promote self-acceptance (for example, describe your own advantages in one minute and praise and encourage yourself); On the other hand, you can relax your nervousness and restrain your anger (if you want to be angry, just say "calm down, don't be angry"; During the exam, tell yourself "don't be nervous, relax"; You can also write some epigrams to remind yourself.
(4) Static relaxation is beneficial to body and mind.
1) Imagination: Choose a quiet environment, relax, close your eyes and imagine beautiful scenery and happy experiences.
2) Music adjustment method: Beautiful music can make people's blood pressure normal, muscles relax, pulse slow down, and make people feel calm and relaxed.
3) Muscle relaxation method. Take the posture of standing, sitting and lying, mainly horizontal.
(5) Actively communicate and seek support.
When people encounter sudden disasters or mental shocks, they need spiritual, material and moral help from family, relatives and friends and all aspects of society (colleagues, organizations, groups and communities). These social supports can help people get out of trouble as soon as possible, stabilize their emotions, face the reality again, and break the vicious circle between negative emotions and cognitive dysfunction (or lower self-evaluation).