Bone mineral density decreased by one standard deviation and the risk of osteoporosis increased by three times. Osteoporosis is a problem that almost everyone will encounter. With the increase of age, bone loss is faster and faster, and the decrease of muscle mass will also increase the pressure on bones, making the opportunity and degree of osteoporosis higher.
According to the definition of the World Health Organization (WHO), osteoporosis is divided into four grades. For people over 50 years old, the peak bone mineral density of 30-year-old healthy adults was used as the standard to calculate the comparative value "T score". If the t value is 0, it means that the bone density is the average of healthy people, and if it is between-1~-2.5, it means that there is bone loss. If it exceeds -2.5, it can be confirmed as osteoporosis.
0: Normal-1: It is still normal, but it may be necessary to pay attention to bones-1~-2.5: There is already a problem of bone loss-more than 2.5: osteoporosis. WHO also reminds that every standard deviation of osteoporosis increases by three times, the risk of fracture will increase, and there is no way to make up for bone loss. The standard drops to above -2.5, and if there are multiple fractures related to osteoporosis at the same time, it can be regarded as "severe" osteoporosis.
However, if you are under 50 years old and have an examination, a negative value does not mean that bone loss has begun. You can only say that "the bone density is not as good as the average person", which may be congenital or acquired, but you should start to pay attention to maintaining your "bones", remember to supplement calcium and vitamin D, and try to avoid staying up late.
How to do bone mineral density examination? After the age of 35, bones will lose 0.5 ~ 1% every year. It is recommended to check the bone mineral density every three years after the age of 35. At present, the most accurate instrument is axial two-photon X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), while in general physical examination, the small instrument for tapping the heel is quantitative ultrasound (QUS), which can only be used as a tool for preliminary screening.
DXA was used to measure the bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae and hip bones. It takes 10~ 15 minutes for the machine to scan on the bed, which is much more accurate than tens of seconds of ultrasound. But for the elderly, because of degenerative arthritis, the bone density may be higher, so we can cooperate with abdominal ultrasound or compare the consistency of lumbar vertebrae and hip bones.
However, DXA is a self-funded project, ranging from about 600-800 yuan at a time, but it is suggested that if you have done DXA, please go to the same hospital for re-examination and follow-up to ensure the highest accuracy; After the test, don't forget that if you have doubts about bone loss, make preparations as soon as possible to protect bone health.
What kind of physical examination do you want? Press >> I know here.