The first one is mainly to reconstruct the blood supply of the affected limb through open surgery, including intimal dissection, artificial blood vessel replacement, bypass reconstruction and so on. However, traditional surgery is relatively traumatic and risky, and it is not suitable for patients with severe cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes.
The second is endovascular therapy. Intravascular interventional therapy of lower extremity artery has the advantages of minimally invasive, simple operation, exact curative effect and repeatable operation, and is the development direction of diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases. The operation only needs to make an incision the size of a grain of rice at the root of thigh, and insert the catheter, balloon and stent into the diseased artery to complete balloon dilation and stent implantation of the stenosed artery, so that the patient can get out of bed the next day and avoid the pain of the operation.
At present, the commonly used intravascular interventional therapy for lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans includes percutaneous balloon angioplasty (PTA) of lower extremity arteries and endovascular stent implantation of lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans. Percutaneous balloon angioplasty of lower extremity arteries is a great progress in the treatment of vascular diseases and a mature technology at present. Its main mechanism is to rupture atherosclerotic plaque, expand and separate narrow and hardened intima, and stretch intima-media. Therefore, balloon angioplasty is a method to treat arteriosclerosis obliterans of lower limbs caused by mechanical expansion. With the continuous emergence of new technologies and materials, PTA can also achieve satisfactory results for long-segment occlusion of superficial femoral artery and infragenicular artery in patients with diabetic foot. In order to overcome the elastic retraction of the vascular wall after percutaneous balloon angioplasty, stent implantation in the dilated artery can not only support the vascular wall, but also stabilize the plaque, further improving the short-term and long-term patency rate of intravascular interventional therapy.