What do diabetes and hypertension need to pay attention to? What foods can be effectively treated in the diet? How to match recipes?

Eating less salt and eating too much salt will increase blood volume and blood viscosity, make blood vessels contract and raise blood pressure. According to the survey, people who eat salted fish and pickles have a high incidence of cardiovascular diseases; Eating more salt leads to a higher incidence of hypertension. Patients should avoid salty things such as salted fish, pickles, yellow sauce and ham. If hypertensive patients have symptoms such as heart failure, renal insufficiency, edema, oliguria, shortness of breath, cough and asthma, they should stop eating salt completely. Eating less greasy food mainly refers to eating less foods with high animal fat and cholesterol content, such as pig liver, beef liver, butter, lard, sheep oil, cream, egg yolk, roe and animal brains, kidneys and intestines. Eat more vegetables. Fresh vegetables are rich in vitamins, which can prevent arteriosclerosis. Vitamins in vegetables can also keep the stool unobstructed, and celery has a certain antihypertensive effect. Weight is suitable for normal people's weight estimation method, and height (cm)- 105 = weight (kg). For example, the height 170 cm and the weight should be170-105 = 65 (kg). If the weight exceeds 65 kg, people should pay attention. If it exceeds 70 kg, they will be a little fat and their diet should be controlled. The way is to eat less staple food, not candy, and eat more vegetables, fruits and soy products. Limiting high salt is the most important thing. Director Wang Yi of the Nutrition Department of Guang 'anmen Hospital of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine pointed out that it is particularly important to limit the high-salt diet. Salt is an indispensable substance in cooking and the main source of sodium ions and chloride ions in human body, which plays an important role in maintaining human life activities. Doctors and nutritionists usually regard limiting patients' consumption of foods with high glycemic index as an important method to guide patients' diet treatment, and pay less attention to limiting salt intake. Modern medical research shows that excessive intake of salt can enhance amylase activity, promote starch digestion, and promote small intestine to absorb free glucose, which can lead to an increase in blood sugar concentration and aggravate the disease. Therefore, diabetics should not eat a high-salt diet. If diabetic patients do not limit salt and eat too much salt for a long time, it will inevitably induce hypertension and accelerate and aggravate the development of diabetic macrovascular complications. In addition, salt can stimulate appetite and increase food intake. Therefore, a low-salt diet must be implemented, that is, the daily salt intake is below 5 grams (covering about one toothpaste), and the salt restriction should also include salt-containing condiments such as soy sauce, sauce, vinegar and seafood. Some pasta, such as 250g steamed bread fermented with alkali, contains about 2g of sodium. The sale of existing low-sodium salt provides convenience, and we should pay more attention to it. People's taste is sensitive and dependent, and they often use too much salt, which is easy to form habits and difficult to correct for a while. If you want to limit the salt content and effectively reduce it, you can choose seasonings to flavor it, or suggest that you can take 3 to 5 days without salt and then implement a low-salt diet. After the salt-free day, you will feel that low-salt dishes are also delicious and easy to accept, and gradually reduce the salt intake. Foods that should not be eaten more: meat, fat, animal offal, bacon, sausage milk, whole milk powder, condensed milk drinks, soft drinks, canned fruit juice, wine, coffee, seafood, squid, cuttlefish, shrimp and crab eggs, preserved eggs, salted eggs, quail eggs, edible animal oil, salad dressing, other cakes, cakes, sweets and broth. Many colleagues around me eat quickly. When I eat with them, I have to follow their rhythm to eat faster, but in the long run, it will definitely damage my health. Extremely detrimental to health. A study by American scientists shows that people who eat fast are more likely to have gastrointestinal reflux than those who eat slowly. When esophageal reflux occurs, things in the stomach (including food and gastric acid) will flow back to the esophagus, and gastric acid will corrode the esophagus, which will lead to more serious health problems. Will lead to weight gain. In a study conducted by the University of Rhode Island, 30 normal-weight women were invited to have a lunch with ketchup and bread. For the first time, I asked to "wolf down" until I was full; The second time, ask to chew slowly and taste slowly. It was found that when they ate quickly, they consumed 646 kilocalories in 9 minutes. Chewing slowly for 29 minutes only consumes 579 kilocalories. At the same time, the study found that when they eat too fast, it is difficult for them to feel full and hungry easily, while their weight increases obviously. If you are a voracious person and want to lose weight or stay healthy, you need to consider slowing down your eating speed. Eating slowly can not only reduce calorie intake, but also fully enjoy the fun brought by food. Because it takes about 20 minutes from the beginning to the signal that the brain is full. If you get rid of your food within 20 minutes, you may not get that signal until you have a second serving of food or enjoy an ice cream, but you have already consumed too many calories. It is more important for diabetics to chew slowly. Eating slowly can keep the blood sugar level at a relatively stable level and reduce the dosage of drugs or insulin. We must pay attention to moderation in our daily life.