Nursing evaluation is the first step of nursing procedure, and it is a process for nurses to collect patients' physiological, psychological and social information by reading medical records, talking with patients or their families, observing and physical examination [3]. Whether the nursing evaluation is accurate and comprehensive directly affects the accuracy of nurses' work. Therefore, before giving health education to patients, nurses should first evaluate whether the patient's condition is allowed at that time, whether the patient has discomfort and anxiety, whether the patient needs nurse education at present, and whether the time of education is appropriate.
2 ? Master the outline of the path of clinical disease health education.
The path of health education is to formulate the contents of health education for patients from admission to discharge in the form of tables, mainly for two types of patients.
Non-operative patients include admission guidance, examination, treatment and nursing related knowledge guidance, diet guidance, life care guidance, rehabilitation guidance, pre-discharge guidance and discharge guidance on the same day.
Surgical patients include admission guidance, knowledge and cooperation guidance related to examination, treatment and nursing; Guide the bed to go to the toilet, take a deep breath and expectorate effectively; Explain the significance and cooperation points of preoperative preparation; Introduce the preparation procedure and coordination points of operation day; Introduce the expression and relief methods of postoperative pain; Instruct patients to take a deep breath, expectorate effectively and exercise in bed; Dietary guidance, life care guidance, rehabilitation guidance, guidance before discharge, and guidance on the day of discharge. In the process of implementation, we should pay attention to increasing or decreasing the content according to the actual situation, and we should not be stereotyped, otherwise the personalized task effect will not be achieved.
3 ? Seize the opportunity of implementation
It is normal for nurses on duty to advance or postpone health education according to the patient's condition and the doctor's treatment plan. In order to better guide the work of junior nurses in our hospital when using the health education path, the reference opportunities for health education for inpatients are formulated (see table 1). Table 1
Reference opportunities of health education for inpatients (omitted)
4 ? Selection of missionary objects
For some conscious, considerate and cooperative patients, nurses can directly educate patients. For those who need the cooperation of patients' families, such as diet guidance and discharge guidance, they can choose to educate patients and their families together. However, in the face of children and the elderly, the patient's escort may be changed every day, and the nursing staff will continue to explain to you during the education process, and the effect is not satisfactory.
5 ? Selection of missionary methods
At present, most of the publicity and education methods in hospitals are oral publicity, supplemented by some words and maps. For some special wards (baby-friendly areas), we will cooperate with some videos to educate pregnant women on breastfeeding, neonatal bathing and breast care. In the wards of rehabilitation and orthopedic surgery, nurses often use on-site guidance to carry out rehabilitation education for patients. In short, the way of health education should be adjusted and supplemented according to the patient's condition, education level, understanding ability and personal needs.
6 ? Methods and skills of evaluation
Nurses should master the skills of evaluation and implementation when using the path of health education.
Evaluation skills: not all evaluations are directly asked, and many evaluation results are obtained through observation and reasoning. Therefore, nurses should not only pay attention to patients' complaints when evaluating patients, but also observe patients' condition in their daily work.
Implementation skills: Nurses are busy with work and have no special time to give health education to patients and their families. Therefore, we should pay attention to the skills of implementing health education in our work. This is an opportunity to provide patients with health education, such as nursing, treatment and rounds. Nurses should do everything well, take notes after speaking, remember the time well, check for leaks and fill vacancies, so as to implement health education in nursing work in a timely and effective manner.