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What is the custom of the Spring Festival in Beijing?
How to eat healthily during the Spring Festival?
Fujian Minnan Spring Festival custom
What is the custom of the Spring Festival in Beijing?
1, the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month: offering sacrifices to the kitchen.
Kitchen God, commonly known as "Kitchen God". Sacrificing a stove is a signal of the arrival of the old calendar, which is called "Chinese New Year" by old Beijingers. Nursery rhymes say, "honeydew melons offer sacrifices to stoves in the New Year. When the New Year comes, girls want flowers and boys want guns." People will give honeydew melons to Kitchen God and Grandma Kitchen God who are posted in the kitchen, hoping to keep their mouths shut and not report them blindly. Then, burn the kitchen god and grandma and send them to heaven.
2. twelfth lunar month: sweeping the house
In ancient times, the Spring Festival cleaning was called "Sweeping the Year Festival", which originated from a religious ceremony of the ancient people to drive away the epidemic. Later it gradually evolved into a year-end cleaning. According to early folklore, "dust" is homophonic with the old "Chen". Before the New Year of the first lunar month, sweeping away all the dust at home means getting rid of the old things of the old year, sweeping away all the bad "bad luck" and "bad luck" and welcoming the New Year.
3. twelfth lunar month: making tofu
As the saying goes, "the twenty-fifth day of the twelfth lunar month, tofu mill." But why make "tofu"? As far as tofu itself is concerned, it is a good choice to replace meat. In the past, the poor always looked forward to a good meal in the new year. Tofu is a food between meat and vegetables. It can be used to cook different dishes instead of meat. Of course, "making tofu" also has symbolic significance. The pronunciation of "rot" and "fu" in Chinese is similar, and making tofu means "harvesting happiness and blessings in the new year".
4, twelfth lunar month: cutting meat
Folk proverb: "On the 26th day of the twelfth lunar month, kill pigs and cut meat for the New Year", which means that meat is mainly prepared for the New Year on this day. The so-called killing pigs, of course, is to kill your own pigs; The so-called meat cutting means that poor families who don't raise pigs go to the market to buy meat for the New Year. The reason why "cutting annual meat" is written into the annual festival ballad is because the farming society and economy are underdeveloped, and people can only eat meat at the annual traditional folk stew festival on the 26th of the twelfth lunar month, so it is called "annual meat".
5. Twenty-seventh day of the twelfth lunar month: Killing chickens in the New Year.
On the 27th of the twelfth lunar month, the pace of the Spring Festival is getting closer and closer, and we all seem to hear the bell on New Year's Eve. Every household, the street is full of excitement. I ate delicious stew yesterday, and an important thing to do today is to "kill the chicken". That's what the folk song "Killing chickens on the 27th of the twelfth lunar month" means.
6. December 29th: Steamed steamed bread
"Twenty-nine, steamed bread." In the folk custom of Chinese New Year, on this day, the white flour that has been prepared on the 28th of the twelfth lunar month is steamed into steamed bread. Whoever steams steamed bread big and well will prosper in the new year and win a good prize. Every family also needs steamed jujube cakes, rice cakes and bean buns. They also need to put a red dot on the bean bag, or print a red mark with "Illicium verum" (anise). They also like to make bean buns into thorns (using mung beans as eyes and then cutting them into thorns with scissors), which means "the way to make money".
7. New Year's Eve: Eat jiaozi for the New Year.
Old Beijingers' New Year's Eve dinner is mainly about jiaozi. Bao jiaozi should have meat and vegetables, and take the homonym of "money". The whole family takes turns chopping stuffing, saying "chop little people" while chopping, and there is also the custom of keeping the old age. Shounian begins with New Year's Eve. Everyone ate slowly, chatting and tasting wine until late at night. When the midnight bell of 12 rings, everyone cheers and eats jiaozi to welcome the first day of the new year.
8. New Year's Day: Happy New Year.
The most important thing in the first day of junior high school is to begin to pay New Year greetings, and the temple fair in Beijing also begins on this day. According to the custom of old Beijing, on the first day of the New Year's Day, the son-in-law should see his parents-in-law. Now it's usually the second day, and his daughter and son-in-law go back to their parents' house to pay New Year's greetings. Old Beijingers attach great importance to New Year greetings. The host family should prepare a box with all kinds of dried fruits, which is called "auspicious fruit". No matter how many people come to pay New Year greetings, the food box must be filled to show respect and blessing to the guests.
9. new year's day: worship the god of wealth and borrow ingots.
The next morning, I got up before dawn to cook wonton, because it looked like an ingot. The second day is the day when old Beijingers worship the God of Wealth. Businessmen generally worship Wu Caishen Guan Gong. I did it for nothing. Because the people think that Bigan has no heart or selfishness and can do things fairly. In order to make everything go smoothly in the new year, old Beijingers borrowed "Yuanbao" from temples.
10, New Year's Day: the day when mice get married.
It is said that the third night is the day when mice get married. All Beijingers go to bed early, turn off the lights and hide their shoes in case mice take them away. Some put some rice in kang caves, ceilings and other places. On this day, if a child living in a bungalow hears a mouse running around the ceiling, the grandmother will say that the mouse is getting married.
1 1, Lunar New Year's Day: Visit temple fairs and visit relatives.
In the past, the boss wanted to "fire" a person. On this day, he came to worship God uninvited. The other party knew it well and packed up and left. There is also a legend that Kitchen God will come to check the household registration this day, so it is not advisable to travel far. In addition, from the first day of junior high school, old Beijingers will visit temple fairs after paying a New Year call to their relatives.
12, Lunar New Year's Day: Buddies are afraid that the boss will pinch buns.
On the fifth day of the first month, commonly known as "breaking the fifth", it is necessary to "drive out the five poor", including "intellectual poverty, academic poverty, literary poverty, life poverty and friendship poverty". People get up at dawn, set off firecrackers and clean up. Firecrackers are set from the inside out, and as soon as they are set, they go outside the door. It is said that anything unlucky will be blown out. On this day, the popular folk food custom is to eat jiaozi, commonly known as "squeezing people's mouths". The guy in the shop is most afraid of this day's dinner, because if the boss puts a steamed stuffed bun in his bag for this day's dinner, it means that this guy will pack up and go home after eating this meal.
13, Lunar New Year's Day: buying lanterns and bowls, etc.
On the sixth day of the Lunar New Year, shops and restaurants officially opened their doors and set off firecrackers, no less than on New Year's Eve. Legend has it that the most popular boy on this day is the boy who is over 12. Because 12 is twice as much as 6, it is called 666 Dashun. On this day, every household should throw out the garbage accumulated in the festival, which is called sending it to the poor. On the sixth day, merchants began to make a muddy little light bowl, because it is said that the eighth day is the day when the stars are in the lower bound. Everyone has a star to bless himself. Ordinary people will buy a small light bowl and hold a ceremony of "Shun Xing" on the eighth night to pray for a smooth New Year.
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How to eat healthily during the Spring Festival?
Eat three meals regularly.
During the Spring Festival holiday, many people sleep late in the morning, don't get up for breakfast, and are careless about lunch, but dinner is a big meal and a midnight snack. This irregular diet disturbs the normal physiological rhythm of the gastrointestinal tract, which makes the gastrointestinal tract unsuitable and causes digestive dysfunction. After holidays, indigestion and physical and mental fatigue often occur, and irregular diet is the "culprit".
Also, the Spring Festival dinner is often extremely rich, rich dishes and festive atmosphere often make people appetite, easy to overeat. If you suddenly eat too much or drink too much, you need more digestive juice to digest, but the secretion of digestive juice is limited, the stomach expands greatly, and the gastrointestinal peristalsis is difficult, which affects the normal digestive function. If the situation is serious, it will lead to acute pancreatitis, gastroenteritis or ulcer. Therefore, a good way is self-control and moderate diet.
Meat, vegetables and miscellaneous grains are well matched.
During the festival, the table is often dominated by meat dishes, and there are too many meat and fried foods. Protein and fat are naturally ingested more, and physical activity is reduced, which is easy to induce metabolic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and gout. Therefore, during the Spring Festival, we should pay attention to a balanced diet, try to eat more light food than usual and reduce the accumulation of fat.
In addition, we should pay special attention to avoid eating only dishes and not whole grains. The cellulose in vegetables can relieve greasy, maintain the normal peristalsis of gastrointestinal tract and prevent constipation, so it is necessary to match enough vegetables of various colors in the diet. However, it should be noted that the digestion time and process of fruits and vegetables are different, so they should be eaten separately to avoid mutual interference and affect the absorption of nutrients by the gastrointestinal tract.
Eat snacks in moderation.
During the Spring Festival, people often prepare many peanuts, melon seeds, snacks and sweets to entertain guests or entertain themselves. Watching TV and chatting, I ate a lot unconsciously. Candy, melon seeds, peanuts and other foods are not low in calories, especially melon seeds, peanuts, cashews, walnuts, almonds, etc., which are all high-calorie foods containing a lot of oil. In fact, eating more of these things is not healthy.
Alcohol and drinks should be in moderation.
At the dinner table where friends and relatives get together in a harmonious atmosphere, you will often meet the way of hospitality, but also the way of persuasion. But it must be remembered that excessive drinking will cause damage to the liver, brain, nerves and digestive system, increase the risk of diseases such as stroke and acute pancreatitis, and also affect the ability of thinking and judgment and cause accidents. It is necessary to control the amount of drinking and avoid drinking on an empty stomach.
For people who don't drink, drinking drinks is also learned. Drinks often contain a lot of sugar, which is harmful to the health of teeth. The main component of carbonated drinks is carbon dioxide. If you drink too much at once, the released carbon dioxide will easily cause abdominal distension, affect appetite and even cause gastrointestinal dysfunction. Holiday drinks should be moderate, and you can choose dairy products, tea or fruit and vegetable juice. Compared with drinks and wine, boiled water is a good drink, so it is self-serving and beneficial to replace wine with water at an appropriate time.
Don't forget safety when choosing tableware.
The material of tableware is a hidden danger of food safety. Housewives should understand the toxic and side effects of tableware materials in family life. Generally speaking, ceramic products are less toxic in tableware, but if the color is very bright or decorated, the lead content may be too high; Aluminum tableware is nontoxic, but long-term use may lead to Alzheimer's disease; Iron tableware is non-toxic, but rusty iron tableware is not suitable for use; Stainless steel tableware is slightly toxic, and the nickel and titanium contained in it are harmful to human body; When buying plastic tableware, try to choose products without pictures or patterns.
Eating raw food is a popular eating habit now. There is also the custom of eating raw food in our traditional diet, but fresh vegetables are mainly eaten raw, and raw meat was introduced to our country from the west. But taking meat as an example, if the cooking temperature does not reach 100 degrees Celsius, parasites and germs on meat food cannot be killed. In addition, food can't be heated completely, and parasites can survive.
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Fujian Minnan Spring Festival custom
Celebrate the Spring Festival
From the first day of the first month to the fifteenth day of the first month, Minnan people call it "New Year", and the "Year" takes fifteen days. The folk song goes: "The first day, the second day and the third day, there is no posture (posture refers to women, today women don't go to the streets); On the fourth day, the gods landed (the kitchen god returned from heaven); On the fifth day, shovel fertilizer (dig out feces and start farming); Six-day separator (finishing loom, separating warp and weft, women start weaving); The first 77 yuan (man-day, take seven kinds of vegetables and fruits to make' Qibao soup'); Completed on the eighth day (rice cake completed); Born on the ninth day of' Heaven'; The tenth day of the tenth lunar month is a good day to eat (referring to drinking at home in cold weather); Eleven please son-in-law; Twelve times (women go back to their parents' home to visit again); Thirteen eat minced meat with mustard (minced meat is porridge, and I am tired of eating wine and meat for a few days, change my taste); Fourteen-knot lamp shed; Fifteen shangyuan pills; Sixteen "mother" students; Seventeen' how can you be born' (the festival passed like this). "
Jingtiangong
A couple of children (zero), firecrackers everywhere, people set up a case in the hall at home, put three sacrifices, fruits, green tea, gold and other offerings, burn three pots of incense, light candles, worship "God" and worship their ancestors. This sacrifice lasted until the fourth day.
Ryan
The bell on New Year's Eve rings at midnight 12, ushering in the dawn of the new year. While "honoring God", every household sets off firecrackers and opens the door to welcome the spring, commonly known as "opening the door".
Hezheng
In the morning, men, women and children get up to wash their hands and put on new clothes that have already been prepared. For breakfast, the family eats noodles with eggs, and the eggs are shelled, which is intended to remove mold and welcome good luck. Noodles symbolize longevity. After breakfast, I went out to visit my neighbors and relatives and greeted them with a smile. When you meet for the first time, you should say "congratulations" to each other, commonly known as "He Zheng", which also means to pay a New Year call to the Lantern Festival. When guests come to the door, they should provide candy, candied fruit, or drink sweet tea and coffee to make them "sweet" to show a sweet start.
Collective congratulations
Qing Qianlong's "Quanzhou County Records and Customs Records" quoted the county records in Song Dynasty: "Jacky is a gift, and the old people worship each other when they meet, saving the trouble of going back and forth. The county magistrate and the county magistrate led the subordinates to a meeting. Old, later in Chengtian Temple, to Chun _ (1241-1252) is Pan Gong. Neighborhood close to the temple, will gather tooth dragon, push a person one year old, with wine and fruit as a gift. This ceremony is now abolished. " After liberation, it resumed.
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