Bullying the weak, bullying the weak, and biting each other without food. Therefore, the specifications of eels raised in the same pond should be basically the same. Generally, if an individual weighs more than 100-350g, it can be put into the pool for sale at any time.
Sell; A person weighing more than 50 grams can grow to the commodity specifications of the year when put into the cultivation pool; Less than 50 grams can be put into the seed pond, which can grow to more than 50 grams in the same year, which can provide large-scale eel culture for the next year.
Kindness Stocking density should be flexibly controlled according to stocking specifications and feeding conditions, generally, it is 1-5 kg per square meter of water surface.
2. Before eels enter the pond, a small amount of fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer can be applied to cultivate chironomid larvae, silkworms, aquatic insects and other aquatic animals, or snails or loaches can be put into the pond for cultivation to provide fresh bait for fresh fish. Where conditions permit, black lights can be set in the pool to lure insects into the pool.
Third, the bait can be fed after a short-term adaptation of 1-2 days, and the feeding amount is generally 2%- 10% of the total weight of fish. The amount of bait should be increased or decreased according to the water temperature, bait quality and water quality. Generally feed 1 time every day. Feed at 4-5 pm or at night. You can also domesticate it to eat in the daytime gradually in advance of feeding time, and feed it 1 time at 8 am and 4-5 pm respectively.
Eels mainly feed on animal food and like to eat fresh food, such as various insects and their larvae, earthworms, small fish and shrimp, silkworm chrysalis, maggots, snails, mussels, large zooplankton, internal organs of livestock and poultry and tadpoles. The bait should be fresh.
Where there is no rancidity and animal feed is insufficient, you can feed some plant feed, such as bean cake, bran or corn flour, and mix the above plant feed with minced fish and shrimp to form a wet mass (which cannot be dispersed in water for a long time).
After feeding. Larger bait should be chopped or hung in the pool to tear. Hard-shell bait such as snails, mussels and clams must be crushed before being released. Bait should be fed at fixed points, with 2-8 feeding points in each fish pond. Eel feeding
The suitable water temperature is 15-30℃, and it has the habit of hunting bait in day and night. In winter, if the fish pond is covered with plastic film greenhouse or other heating and insulation measures are taken to keep the appropriate water temperature, Monopterus albus can eat and grow all year round, thus increasing its body size.
Greatly shorten the growth period, reduce the cost and improve the yield and benefit. Remove the residual bait before feeding to avoid affecting the water quality.
Fourth, adjust the water level and water quality Because eels can directly breathe oxygen in the air, they need to stick their heads out of the water frequently. Therefore, the water level in the fresh fish pond should be shallow. The water level should be determined according to the specifications of eels, and the water level in the fry pond should be shallow, generally 10-
20 centimeters. The culture pond can be deeper, generally 30-40 cm. The water level in the pool for sale can be shallower. Eels have high oxygen consumption and like fresh water quality. So always inject fresh water. Generally, water is changed 1-2 times a month in winter and in spring and autumn.
Change the water 1 time every week, and change the water 1 time every 1-3 days in summer, and the water exchange rate is 20-50% each time. The qualified eel pond can form micro-flowing water. In high temperature season, the number of water changes should be increased, or silk should be planted in the pool.
Melons and grapes, in case of sun exposure and cooling. A small amount of omnivorous fish, such as tilapia, carp, crucian carp and loach, can be mixed in the large and deep eel pond, which can remove the residual bait feces and purify the water quality.
5. Eels that pass through the screening pond in time have fierce competition within the species. After feeding for a period of time, the fish specifications in the pond with the same specifications will be uneven, which is not conducive to the improvement of yield in the long run. Therefore, in the process of eel growth, it should be every 1.
After a month or so, all the eels in the pond were caught. After screening, the large, medium and small eels were kept in different ponds. Before the end of the autumn growing season, all the fish should be caught, and the fish that meet the commodity specifications should be put into the pool for sale.
The remaining fish with different specifications should be stocked in different pools according to the production needs in the coming year. In this way, after a winter adaptation, eel species can enter a prosperous period early next year.
Six, fish disease prevention eel pond must be disinfected with quicklime or bleaching powder before planting. Immigrant eels must be soaked in bleaching powder solution with a concentration of 1 million or 3% salt solution for disinfection 10-20 minutes before entering the pond. During the feeding period, the whole pool is sprinkled with bleaching powder at a concentration of 1 million per month. Dragging the scalped toad into the pool for washing has a certain effect on white spot disease and skin rot.
Seven, do a good job of protection. The eel pond is small and shallow. When pouring fresh water, you should prevent the fish from escaping. The water surface of the fish pond should be controlled below 20 cm along the edge of the pond, and the firmness of the fishnet cloth and the pond wall should be checked at any time. special
Eels are most likely to escape when food is scarce, thunderstorms, long-term rainfall or water quality deteriorates. At this time, more attention should be paid to escape prevention. In addition, we should also guard against the harm of ducks, rats, cats and other enemies to eels.
8. Overwintering management Generally, after 165438+ 10, when the water temperature drops below 15℃, Monopterus albus begins to burrow into the deep soil layer and hibernate until February and March of the following year. In winter, the pool to be sold should be heated and insulated.
Eels that failed to meet the commercial specifications in that year can overwinter in the original pond and maintain a high water level during the overwintering. Especially when the water freezes, the water depth under the ice should be kept above 0.3m, and the pool water should be changed 1 time every month. Dry method can also be used.
When the water temperature drops below 10℃ in winter, the water in the pond is drained, and some wheat stalks or straws are covered at the bottom of the pond to keep the soil moist and unfrozen, so that Monopterus albus can overwinter safely. Where there is a heat source, keep the pool water at 25-.
At 30℃, eels can avoid hibernation and grow all year round.
Culture technology of Monopterus albus
Technical measures for artificial culture of Monopterus albus: stocking species, selection and release of Monopterus albus, feeding management and escape prevention.
Monopterus albus culture management: feed palatable bait, add fresh water frequently, create a suitable environment, and pay attention to the prevention and control of Monopterus albus diseases and overwintering.
Disease technology and prevention of Monopterus albus, several common diseases of Monopterus albus.
I. Overview
Monopterus albus is also called eel and long fish. The growth rate is fast, generally, it can grow 10 cm in one month and reach 300 grams in nine months, reaching the standard of commercial fish. Monopterus albus is especially suitable for artificial farming in rural areas and is a good way for farmers to get rich.
1. Environment that should be paid attention to in eel culture
You should choose a place with plenty of water and sunrise all year round. In terms of water quality, it is the key technology for breeding Monopterus albus. You must change the water frequently to maintain good water quality, once every 3-5 days in spring and autumn, and once every 0/-2 days in summer. The water depth shall not be lower than 10cm, and the injected water temperature shall not exceed 5℃ to avoid death due to sudden temperature drop.
Step 2 build an eel pond
To build an eel pond, we should choose a place with slightly higher terrain and convenient irrigation and drainage, mainly small, with an area of 5-20 square meters or 30-60 square meters and a depth of 80- 100 cm. The shape of the pond should be east-west.
In order to prevent escape, you can make another pool edge, 30-50 cm above the ground. You can build a pool in a hard place without masonry. To build a pool in soft soil, it is necessary to use masonry as the foundation and cement as the wall for jointing. The bottom mat of swimming pool will loosen and harden when exposed to the sun.
Moderate soil is 30-60 cm, which is convenient for Monopterus albus to dig holes and lurk. Dig a water inlet near the water source and leave a water outlet at the opposite lower end parallel to the bottom of the water. All outlets should be equipped with fishing nets to prevent Monopterus albus from escaping from the pond surface.
On the water surface of13, aquatic plants such as Zizania caduciflora, Aralia sinensis and absinthe can be planted to provide shelter for eels and improve the fish pond environment.
2. Technical measures for artificial culture of Monopterus albus
1. Breeding species of eel and selection and release of eel.
Monopterus albus with strong physique, smooth body surface, strong activity and consistent size should be selected.
Generally speaking, the weight of each tail is 20g. If 30-50g large-sized eels are put in each tail, the survival rate is high, the weight gain is fast, and the yield is high. The fry are wild young eels caught in cages or bought from the market, but they are injured and broken.
Eels with skin and broken tails should be removed, and fry can also be artificially propagated. It is better to purchase goods in early spring. It should be released within a week. The stocking amount is generally 0/.5-3 kg per square meter/kloc-0, and 5-6 kg can be put in good conditions. Anyway,
If the stocking amount is large, the density will be small, otherwise, it will increase accordingly. Pay attention to the disinfection of fish before stocking, and the temperature difference between water and fish should not be too large.
2. Feeding and management
Monopterus albus is mainly meat, which can be artificially fed with earthworms, small fish and shrimp, snails and mussels.
Some plant feeds with high content of protein, such as rice bran and bean cakes, can also be fed together, and do not feed spoiled feed. Feeding should be carried out in the evening, and the daily dosage accounts for 3-5% and 6-8% of the total weight of eels.
The monthly feeding amount is 6-7% of the total weight; The feeding amount increases with the growth of eels. When the growth temperature is suitable, eel should be fed frequently, and feeding should be stopped when the feeding temperature is below 65438 05℃ and 65438 00℃. It is required to put the feed on the eating table, which is convenient for grasping the eating amount and taking it out.
Residual bait.
Prevent escape
Thunderstorm weather is sultry, the air pressure is low, and the water body lacks oxygen. It can be seen that Monopterus albus comes out of the hole and sticks its head out of the water. Pay attention to injecting fresh water at this time. In rainy days, we should also pay attention to whether the overflow port is clear and whether the fishing net is firm to prevent the eel from fleeing. No straw rope or wooden stick can reach out of the pool, because Monopterus albus is the easiest to escape with the water in rainy days.
3. Summer management of Monopterus albus culture
1. Feed delicious bait
Monopterus albus is a carnivorous omnivorous fish. I especially like fresh feed, or mixed feed with high protein content, such as larvae of various insects, small fish and shrimp, snails, mussels, silkworm chrysalis, earthworms, fly maggots, leftovers of livestock and so on. These are ideal feeds for Monopterus albus.
Monopterus albus likes to move during the day and at night, and it is better to feed it at 4-6 pm. Monopterus albus is gluttonous and hungry, and its satiety is not easy to be detected. So we should pay attention to regular and quantitative feeding. Generally, every square meter of eel pond should be fed with 400-500 grams of feed every day, accounting for about 5-8% of the body weight of eel. There should be a fixed feeding place and more feeding tables to prevent food grabbing or uneven hunger.
2. Always replenish fresh water.
The depth of eel pond should be appropriate, generally 15-20cm, and the water should be changed frequently, every day or every other day to ensure the quality of fresh water. The weather is sultry. On the eve of a thunderstorm, there will be lack of oxygen in the water. On the eve of this weather, fresh water should be replenished in time. Pay attention to smooth drainage in rainy days, to avoid rain flooding the pool and prevent flight.
Step 3 create a suitable environment
The suitable raw temperature of Monopterus albus is 65438 05-30℃. Too high or too low will affect the feeding and growth of Monopterus albus, so we should pay attention to creating an adaptive environment for Monopterus albus in summer and autumn. Aquatic plants such as water hyacinth, duckweed, arrowhead and water chestnut can be raised in the 1/3 area of the culture pond, and some pumpkins and lentils can be planted beside the pond, and a shelf can be set up on the pond to shade the sun, which is convenient for the growth of Monopterus albus.
4. Pay attention to the prevention and treatment of eel disease
Before stocking eel species, soaking them in 4% salt solution or bleaching powder 10-20 minutes can effectively prevent eel diseases. Therefore, we must be careful in the process of breeding to avoid eel injury. When Monopterus albus suffers from this disease, it can be sprinkled with a mixture of baking soda and salt in the whole pool, or it can be soaked in 3-5% salt solution for 5-8 minutes.
5. Overwintering of Monopterus albus
(1). Dry overwintering: drain the pond water in winter, keep the soil moist, and cover the upper layer with 18cm straw to prevent the soil layer from freezing. Watch out for mice and cats entering the pond to hurt eels.
(2) Overwintering with water: in winter, deepen the water level to improve the water quality, raise the water temperature, break the ice surface in time, and avoid the death of Monopterus albus due to anoxia and suffocation.
4. Monopterus albus diseases and their control techniques
Ducks must not be allowed to prey in the pond during the growing season, especially in the season when eel seedlings are just released and eel breeding season. In order to prevent cats, rats, birds and other animals from preying on Monopterus albus, it is best to cover the pool with old nets or take other protective measures.
In summer, sometimes because of the high temperature, Monopterus albus will suffer from heatstroke and coma. At this time, it is necessary to change cold water, or cool down in the shade, and then feed fresh minced meat.
In the early stage of feeding, if the epidermis of eel species is injured, it is easy to cause water mold. The sick soft-shelled turtle's hair turned white and lost appetite, and finally died of weakness. The prevention and control method is to select healthy young eels with no damage on the body surface, and disinfect the eel pond with lime before stocking. If the eel with water mold is found, it should be washed with 5% iodine or 3-4% salt solution for 5 minutes in time, which can achieve good curative effect.
The plum blossom spot of Monopterus albus is a yellow round spot with a soybean on its back.
The control method is to raise some toads in the eel pond, because the toad venom on them has preventive and therapeutic effects. If you have this disease, you can peel off the toad's head, tie it with a rope, and drag it in the pool for a few times, 1-2 days to get rid of the disease.
Monosomiasis of Monopterus albus is a disease caused by the invasion of trichonematodes into the intestine of Monopterus albus, and a large number of trichonematodes parasitize and cause the death of Monopterus albus. The control method is to clean the pond with quicklime before stocking eel fry, which can kill eggs and prevent diseases. After the sick eel is found, 5 grams (90%) of trichlorfon crystal and 3 kilograms of mixed bean cake powder can be used for every 50 kilograms of eel to make medicinal bait for feeding treatment.
5. Prevention and treatment of several common diseases of Monopterus albus
Disease prevention and control should be done well in the process of Monopterus albus culture. Common diseases and prevention methods are introduced as follows:
1. Rotting dermatosis:
The sick eel can't move and sticks its head out of the water all day. There are many round erythema of different sizes on their body surfaces, mostly on both sides of the abdomen. Some abdomen will have purple spots the size of broad beans, and serious epidermis will rot into funnel-shaped holes. If you peel off the rotten skin, you can often see the rotten skin and internal organs.
Prevention and control methods:
(1) Changing the pool water frequently to maintain good water quality is one of the important preventive measures.
(2) Spraying 1ppm bleaching powder in the whole pool for 3 days while adding fresh water has a good effect.
(3) Feed erythromycin 25,000 units of thiazole mixed bait per cubic meter of water, once a day/kloc-0, and feed continuously for 3-6 days.
2. Skin diseases:
This disease is caused by the fact that Monopterus albus bite each other because of excessive stocking density or insufficient bait, and the wound is infected with mold. The wound grew cotton wool-like "white hair", and the sick eel lost its appetite, and finally lost weight and died.
Preventive and control measures:
(1) Soak eel seeds with 5% salt solution and then release them.
(2) Sick patients can be sprinkled with a mixture of 0.04% salt and 0.04% baking soda.
(3) Tail rot: This disease is easy to occur in high-density eel ponds or during transportation. The diseased eel's tail is inflamed and congested, and then the muscles are rotten and necrotic, so that the tail stalk or tail muscle is rotten, the tail vertebra is exposed, and the diseased eel's head protrudes out of the water, and it is slow to respond and cannot move.
Prevention and control methods: (1) Pay attention to the environmental sanitation of the water surface of the eel pond, which can reduce the occurrence and harm of the disease. (2) Spraying 0.2ppm furazolidone in the whole pool. (3) Soaking the disinfected fish with 0.25 unit chlortetracycline solution per ml has a good effect.
3. Capillary nematodiasis:
The disease is caused by capillary nematodes invading the intestine of Monopterus albus, which leads to the loss of body weight and then death of Monopterus albus.
Control method: (1) Disinfect the eel pond with quicklime before stocking, which can prevent the disease. (2) Every 50
1 kg Monopterus albus was mixed with 5-7.5g of 9% trichlorfon crystals and fed to mussel meat for 6 days. (3) According to the total dosage of 50 kilograms of Monopterus albus, 290 grams of Chinese herbal medicine mixture such as Rhizoma Osmundae, Fructus Viticis, Caulis Perillae, and Moria Goddess Skin.
(the ratio is 16:5:3:5), adding 3 times the total dosage of water, and decocting to the original amount of 1/2.
Pour out the decoction, add water for the second time according to the above method, and mix the decoction with the feed for 6 days.
4. Echinocephalus parasitizes in the intestine, causing inflammation and congestion, blocking the intestine, and in severe cases causing intestinal perforation, causing the death of Monopterus albus.
Control method: (1) Disinfect the eel pond with quicklime before stocking, which can prevent the disease. (2) 40-50g of 90% trichlorfon crystals are added into every 50kg of Monopterus albus feed for 6 days continuously.