1. Watson's behaviorism adopted Pavlov's classical conditioning theory. Watson firmly believes in what will happen if there is any stimulus. He is an extreme environmental determinist, and Pavlov's famous fear experiment shows the decisive factor of the environment.
Example: We should have heard that when a child is disobedient, the teacher will use "If you are disobedient, you will be put in a dark room", and the child will temporarily stop his behavior because of fear. However, this dark room has affected his psychology. Even though he has never been to this dark room, he will be afraid. As long as he mentions it in the future, he will be afraid.
Analysis: First of all, when it comes to the dark room, children think that they are alone in a dark place with no one to accompany them. He felt abandoned, which gave him a thrill. Maybe he has never been to this place, but this kind of stimulation has a bad reaction to him. In fact, this method is not feasible and can not achieve the expected results. On the contrary, it will cause psychological harm to children.
Conclusion: Pavlov's fear experiment unilaterally emphasizes the role of environment, which sometimes fails to achieve the expected effect and is not scientific. We should be cautious.
2. Skinner is a famous American behaviorist, and the theory of operant conditioning was put forward by him.
Types of operant conditioning:
① Positive reinforcement: the result of behavior increases positive stimulation and enhances behavior.
I think I took care of a child once. He is handsome, but he is not obedient, but he eats well every time. Once, inadvertently, I sat next to him, and he was very happy and kept showing off. Since I found out that as long as I sat next to him, he ate quickly. Every time I sit next to him, every meal is fast and delicious.
Analysis: The teacher's unintentional behavior encourages the child. He feels that the teacher is paying attention to himself, and he will strengthen this behavior to get more attention from the teacher.
Conclusion: We strengthen our long-held views in life. Everyone has a feeling of wanting to be affirmed by others. The affirmation and appreciation of others will effectively push us to do some good things actively.
② Negative reinforcement: As a result of behavior, negative stimulation is reduced and behavior is enhanced.
During my internship, my class was at an intermediate level. It is said that middle-class children are the most difficult to manage. At this age, they are not as mature as the children in the big class, but compared with the children in the small class, they are still naughty.
Napping is a part of children's daily life. Good sleep is very important for children's daily activities. But in my class, this link is too difficult to achieve. It's nap time every day, and there seems to be a thorn in that bed. In view of this situation, I tried many methods, but it was always fruitless. Delicious food seems to be very attractive to children. The director promised them that as long as the children went to bed at noon, they would be rewarded in the afternoon.
Analysis: According to the situation that children don't sleep at noon, guide them with something that attracts them. As long as children sleep, they will get corresponding rewards, and this condition will be guaranteed. Finally, this bad behavior will be alleviated and the expected effect will be achieved.
Conclusion: Negative reinforcement is also very common in our life, and the probability of reaction is increased by stopping some stimuli.
③ Fade: After an organism makes a certain behavioral response, there will be no reinforcement, so the probability of such a response will be reduced in the future.
I heard an example. Xx is a polite boy. His classmates nicknamed him "Flower Pig". Although he was angry, he ignored it and pretended not to hear it. When his classmates called his name, he responded enthusiastically. Gradually, his classmates stopped calling him "Flower Pig".
Analysis: In the face of students' "nicknames", xx ignored them, so that they did not strengthen and gradually faded.
Conclusion: Regression method, in behavioral therapy, regression methods such as indifference and indifference are often used to reduce or eliminate bad behavior. If a correct behavior is not strengthened in time, it will gradually disappear. Similarly, if children have bad behavior, adults will ignore and strengthen it, and it will gradually fade away.
④ Punishment: The result of behavior leads to the increase of negative stimulation, thus weakening the behavioral response.
Punishment is very common in our life, especially in education and teaching activities. Punishment is different from corporal punishment. Punishment is a way to restrain children's behavior. Teachers can stop children's bad behavior through punishment.
Analysis: this way of controlling children's behavior through punishment ignores children's subjective initiative and regards people as learning machines. But to a certain extent, it will restrain children's behavior, which is worth learning.
Summary: ① Watson's greatest contribution to psychology is the establishment of behaviorism.
He denied the role of heredity and exaggerated the role of environment and education.
He emphasized the control of children's behavior and neglected the children's subjective initiative.
Behavioral psychology Theory is of great significance to our life. It is ubiquitous in our life, and we can use it to add new colors to our life.