Teaching objectives:
1, through this study, provide knowledge guarantee for students to control the epidemic of diseases in autumn and live a healthy life.
2. Make students know the importance of developing good health habits in preventing diseases, and develop good health habits.
Teaching process:
Teacher: The temperature changes greatly in autumn. The temperature is higher in early autumn, that is, the "autumn tiger" day, and there is more rain. Some intestinal infectious diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases are high, and even outbreaks may occur; In late autumn, the temperature gradually drops and the wind is dry, which is the high season for some respiratory infectious diseases. Therefore, strengthening the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in autumn is of great significance to maintaining health.
1. What diseases do students often get in autumn?
(Generally, common infectious diseases in autumn can be divided into three categories: intestinal infectious diseases, respiratory infectious diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases. : angular stomatitis, autumn dryness, etc)
Second, these diseases are generally so easy to produce? How to prevent it?
Common intestinal infectious diseases include cholera, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, dysentery and infectious diarrhea caused by rotavirus. This infectious disease is spread through the "feces-mouth" route, and it is an infectious disease that is "eaten". It is usually caused by bacteria or viruses contaminating hands, drinking water, tableware or food. And improper treatment, and get sick after eating.
Common respiratory infectious diseases include influenza, legionnaires' disease and tuberculosis. This infectious disease spreads through the respiratory tract and is an "inhaled" infectious disease. Bacteria or viruses can spread directly through the air, or enter the human body through the respiratory tract through the droplet nucleus of bacteria or viruses in dust.
Common insect-borne infectious diseases include Japanese encephalitis, malaria, dengue fever and epidemic hemorrhagic fever. This infectious disease is spread by some insect vectors, such as mosquitoes, mites, lice and fleas. This is an infectious disease spread by bites. Insects bite patients first, then healthy people, and at the same time introduce bacteria or viruses into healthy people to cause disease.
Keratitis: the air is dry and cold in autumn, and the oral mucosa can't stand stimulation; In addition, there are fewer green leafy vegetables in autumn, which makes it easy to lack vitamin B2 and vitamin C needed by the human body. Therefore, students are prone to angular stomatitis in autumn.
Preventive measures: eat more foods that moisten the lungs and produce fluid, such as radish, melon, spinach, tremella, duck, pear, grape, sugar cane and so on. If students have symptoms of chapped lips, they should drink plenty of water, apply anti-cracking oil or lip balm to keep their lips moist.
Special reminder: when the lips are chapped, remind him not to lick them with his tongue. Because saliva is easy to evaporate, it will take away heat when water evaporates, which will reduce the local humidity and aggravate the dryness and pain of lips. In addition, there are many bacteria in saliva, which makes licking lips unsanitary.
Autumn dryness: the climate in autumn is dry, and many students will have itchy throat and dry cough without phlegm. This symptom is medically called "autumn dryness".
Preventive measures: drink more boiled water, light tea, soybean milk, milk and other drinks, and eat more foods such as carrots, tomatoes, tofu, tremella, pears, persimmons, lotus roots, honey and bananas. It has the functions of moistening lung, promoting fluid production, nourishing yin and clearing dryness.
Third, discussion: How can we prevent diseases more effectively in peacetime?
Do a good job of "getting sick from the mouth", do a good job of "three tubes and one skill" and strengthen self-protection: manage your own diet and don't eat spoiled food; Don't eat food bitten by flies; Don't overeat; Wash your hands before and after meals; Overnight meals and cooked food should be re-cooked; Tableware and food should be fly-proof; Tableware should be boiled and disinfected; Raw and cooked knives should be separated; Raw fruits and vegetables should be washed and disinfected; Eliminate raw aquatic products. Engaged in catering industry, nanny and other work personnel should have regular physical examination.
When buying food, you should choose fresh food, and don't buy dead poultry, dead livestock and stale aquatic products.
Manage water sources and tap water to be disinfected according to regulations; Don't drink raw water; Eliminate flies, maintain indoor and outdoor environmental sanitation, and eliminate and control fly breeding grounds; Take various measures to eliminate flies, cockroaches and mice.
Strengthen personal protection and understand the knowledge about intestinal infectious diseases. Adequate sleep and rich nutrition can enhance physical strength; Keeping a good mood in summer is helpful to prevent intestinal infectious diseases. Proper consumption of garlic and vinegar can prevent gastrointestinal infectious diseases.
If you are infected with intestinal infectious diseases, you should go to the hospital immediately, and don't use drugs indiscriminately, especially you can't use antibiotics for irregular treatment. In order to prevent the emergence of drug resistance, improper use of antibiotics in some intestinal infectious diseases may even lead to life-threatening.
Fourth, students talk about learning gains.
I wish you good health and a happy study and life!