First, the balcony vegetable planting method
1, seed treatment
① Disinfection
Seeds often carry bacteria. In order to reduce seedling diseases, ensure the healthy growth of vegetable seedlings, let yourself and your family eat healthy vegetables, and avoid giving up halfway, it is best to disinfect the seeds simply before sowing. Generally, seeds bought from the market can be soaked in warm water. Soak the seeds in hot water at 60℃ 10 ~ 15 minutes, then lower the water temperature to 30℃, continue soaking for 3 ~ 4 hours, and take them out to dry. For seeds with unclean surface, long standing time or contaminated seeds, the method of soaking in liquid medicine can be used. Generally, the solution of 100 times of formalin is used. First soak the seeds in clear water for 3-4 hours, then soak them in liquid medicine for 20 minutes, then take them out and rinse them with clear water.
② Promote germination.
Seeds need to germinate as the case may be. Seeds of tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, cucumbers and other fruits and vegetables germinate slowly, so they can accelerate germination. Seeds must be soaked before germination, but the soaking time should not be too long. The results showed that the soaking time of cucumber was1~ 2 hours, and that of pepper, eggplant and tomato was 3 ~ 4h hours (including the soaking time of seed disinfection). Put several layers of gauze, filter paper or absorbent paper on the bottom of the seedling tray, soak it in clear water, control the dehydration of soaked seeds, put it into the seedling tray at 28 ~ 30℃ for 1-5 days until the seeds germinate and turn white, and then sow. During germination, if the seeds are dry, water can be added to the seedling tray to keep the padding such as gauze wet and the seeds wet.
③ sowing
For live broadcast, just sow the seeds directly into a planting container of appropriate size. If transplantation is needed, containers such as plastic plates and glass plates of moderate size should be selected as "seedling trays" first. Put the culture soil with moderate ph value into a container (available in garden stores or farmers' markets), sprinkle vegetable seeds into the container, and then cover it with soil with a depth of 0.5- 1cm. Remember that seeds will not germinate if they are too deep.
Proper temperature, sufficient water and oxygen are the three elements of seed germination. Put the container in a warm and ventilated place and water it properly (for most vegetables, it is advisable to water it once a day).
Before sowing, it is best to disinfect the seeding tray with 50% bleach or other disinfectants to reduce the probability of seed contamination.
2. Sowing and transplanting seedlings
There are two ways to grow vegetables, one is to raise seedlings first, then transplant them, and the other is to sow directly. Novices often prefer to buy seedlings directly at the farmers' market and transplant them at home. This is a simple and quick method, but it will narrow your planting range, because some vegetables, such as beans and radishes, are not convenient for transplanting seedlings and can only be broadcast directly. Transplanting seedlings will damage the normal development of roots and cannot be transplanted. There are also some vegetables that must be transplanted, such as cabbage, cauliflower, mustard and eggplant.
Vegetable planting can be basically divided into four processes: seed pretreatment, sowing, transplanting and harvesting. The following table is the growth information of common vegetables in the family. Because of the different vegetable varieties and regions, it may be different from your actual operation, for reference only. It is very important to master the rules of vegetables flexibly in the operation process. I believe you will become an excellent "vegetable farmer"!
Step 3 transplant
When the seedlings grow to a certain size, they must be moved to other containers in time for planting. Such as tomatoes, eggplant, etc. Generally, when there are 4-5 real leaves, melons should not exceed 2-3 real leaves, and Chinese cabbage and cabbage should be transplanted when there are 4-6 real leaves.
Be careful not to damage the tender roots of seedlings when transplanting. Before digging vegetable seedlings, the soil or substrate can be fully watered to make the roots have more soil or substrate, which can not only reduce the damage to the roots, but also reduce and increase the water absorption, and survive quickly after transplanting. Generally, the planting depth of leafy vegetables should not be buried to the lowest leaves, otherwise it will easily cause rot.
Vegetables can be cultivated in soil or soilless culture. The fertilization and watering methods of the two different cultivation substrates are similar.
Step 4 harvest
The happiest moment is the harvest time. I can see my carefully watered vegetables grow from seedlings to green leaves, and they are fruitful. Pick the fruits of your hard work and you can enjoy green food!
When harvesting, we should pay attention to distinguish whether vegetables are ripe from color, texture and hardness. This is the best time to pick them. Some vegetables, such as tomatoes, peppers, fruits, etc., should be harvested when the fruits reach a certain hardness, and they will become soft if they are overcooked; Cucumber, kidney bean, etc. It should be harvested when it is young and tastes better.
It is best to harvest vegetables in the evening, because the nitrate content in vegetables is the lowest in the evening.
When harvesting Qingjiang vegetables and leeks, you can pick their leaves and eat them without pulling up the whole plant. After a while, the young leaves will grow out.
When harvesting onions, leave two or three in the soil, don't pull up the whole plant, so as to continue to sprout and grow.
Second, recommend vegetables that are easy to grow on the balcony.
1, leek
Welsh onion can be propagated by sowing or bulb seedling raising, but it is more convenient and simple to use bulb seedling raising in family planting.
(1) Seeding: Generally, it will be carried out in April-May or September-65438+1October. Seeding can be carried out by using seeds reserved in the previous year or seeds with roots purchased from the vegetable market.
(2) Before planting, the leaves should be cut off, but not to the white leaf sheath.
(3) Bulbs should be planted in the basin soil every 2-3 times, with a spacing of about 10 cm, and the buried depth should not be too deep. As long as the roots are buried and the bulbs are slightly exposed from the soil surface, then water them to keep the soil moist and maintain it normally after survival.
③ When the plant grows 6 main leaves, it can be planted. Planting is generally carried out in spring, and its roots should be completely buried under the soil and watered.
2, leeks
Leek is generally suitable for planting in spring, but as long as it is properly maintained, it can always be harvested! Most importantly, you can grow up well without any worries!
① Sowing: First, soak the seeds in water at 40℃, remove the shriveled seeds and wash them. Then spread the seeds evenly in the soil, cover with thin soil with a thickness of 1 cm, and pour enough water.
② Topdressing: 1 week later, the seedlings began to sprout. Keep the soil moist. When the seedling height is about 15cm, the decomposed organic fertilizer should be applied once. When the seedling height is about 18cm, water it once a week. Be careful not to accumulate water. If there are weeds, pull them out immediately. You can plant it at this time.
③ Planting: Water the plants before planting 1 day, usually when there is no sunshine. When transplanting, put several plants together, but the spacing should be larger, so that they have enough room for growth.
3. Lettuce; lettuce
Lettuce has a good feature, that is, you can eat it by picking the outermost leaves. After the leaves outside are picked, the leaves in the middle will grow slowly, so that after planting several kinds of trees, they can't be eaten.
① Sow healthy and pest-free seeds evenly in the soil and cover them with 1 cm. When the temperature reaches 20℃, they can germinate in about 5 days.
② It is not advisable to water too much during seedling raising to ensure the soil moist.
4. water spinach
Water spinach basically does not need to worry about pests and diseases, and it is easy to grow. After harvesting the top crop, the lateral buds can grow again and spread laterally around, which requires a large lateral space. If not harvested in time, the stems and leaves will become thick and hard. If properly maintained, they can be eaten all the time!
Water spinach bought from the vegetable market can be directly put into the soil for cutting. If the water spinach is too long, it needs to be cut into small pieces of 10 cm. When cutting, the stem needs to have three nodes buried under the soil, three nodes exposed on the soil, and the soil should be compacted. And you need to water it every day, and you can survive in about 4 days.
5. Mushrooms
(1) Sowing: First, put the soil into the flowerpot (or foam box), dig a hole, and then spread the seeds evenly in the flowerpot (or foam box) and cover them with soil, so that it is best to completely cover the seeds. Then pour in enough water.
② Germination: When the temperature is kept at 20℃, water and keep the soil moist, and the seeds germinate after 6 days. The shell of this plant is very hard. If there is a hard shell on the top of the plant, it should be removed by hand, otherwise it will affect the growth. Generally, about 1 week, the seedlings basically grow out. After the seedlings grow, we should start to remove bad seedlings and weeds. And apply decomposed organic fertilizer 1 time.
③ Planting: After 1 month, the seedlings can be planted when they grow five main leaves. And apply decomposed organic fertilizer once.
6.spinach
Spinach is also a very suitable vegetable for beginners to grow on the balcony.
(1) Sow healthy and pest-free seeds evenly in the soil.
② After1week, the seedlings grow out. If the spacing between the seedlings is too close, the seedlings can be thinned and weakened, and the spacing between the plants is about 3 cm.
③ After 2 weeks, when the seedlings grow 2-3 leaves, they can be properly fertilized, mixed with soil and sprinkled on the roots of the seedlings. After about 3 weeks, when the plant grows to a height of about 10 cm, it will be fertilized again.
7.purplish red
Amaranth can be planted all year round, and the time from planting to harvesting is only 4 to 8 weeks. The most important thing is very good, very suitable for beginners!
(1) Sowing: evenly cover the surface of the pot soil and sprinkle amaranth seeds evenly. Because the seeds are small, you can sow them with sand and water them to keep the soil moist.
(2) Intercropping: After about 65,438+00 days, the seedlings broke through the soil. In places with dense seedlings, some weak seedlings can be pulled out to avoid crowding and affect growth.
③ Sowing: About 45 days, when the plant grows 5-6 leaves, it can be thinned for the second time, just pull out the seedlings, but be careful not to take out the next plant, and the pulled plants can be eaten.
(4) Topdressing: These plants are in the best growth period after seedling establishment. At this time, it is necessary to replenish fertilizer in time, which requires a lot of nitrogen fertilizer. After each harvest, topdressing is necessary.