There are the most kinds of flies, and different kinds of flies will appear every season, but the most common flies in our daily life are housefly, green fly, Calliphora, golden rope with big head and so on. Every kind of fly has its own breeding ground. For example, houseflies are the most common in the trash cans around our lives. Green flies and Calliphora are the most common in aquatic products stalls and fruit stalls in farmers' markets. Chrysomya megacephala often appears in garbage dumps and other places.
Flies are extremely fertile, and their life has four cycles: egg-larva (maggot)-pupa-adult. Except adult flies, the other three periods developed in the breeding ground of garbage and dirt places.
For the prevention and control of flies, the most important thing at the scene is the management of various breeding grounds. First, empty all kinds of garbage in time every day, regularly flush the containers and garbage houses with water, remove the soil in the corners, and reduce the spawning and reproduction of flies. Second, develop a good sense of hygiene, do not litter and sewage, and keep the environment clean. Third, public places should be cleaned by special personnel, and garbage from farmers' markets and food processing should be removed in bags. Fourth, we should keep the sewers and chemical plants unblocked, prevent blockage and overflow, and reduce the breeding grounds of flies.
Flies have a strong sense of smell and flying ability. They can fly to the dining table from thousands of miles away. Installing screen doors, screens and air curtains in time can effectively prevent flies from flying in. Fly trap and fly killing paper are tools to kill adult flies, which can be selected according to different situations.
During the peak period of flies, dustbins and garbage transfer stations with high density can be properly sprayed with chemicals to quickly reduce the density.
Four pests-control of flies
1. Biological status and main characteristics of flies: flies belong to Diptera, winged subclass of Insecta, and are customarily called flies. Its body consists of three parts: head, chest and abdomen. The two compound eyes at the front end of the head are larger, and the unique feeding mouthparts of flies are sucking mouthparts (that is, the upper and lower jaws degenerate, leaving only 1 pair of rod-shaped mandibular whiskers; The lower lip is specialized into a long beak, and the end of the beak expands into a lip with 1 pair of annular grooves. The base of the back of the beak is attached with a sword-shaped upper lip, and only a flat tongue is attached below it, which is suitable for sucking food. Its antenna is a sheep-toothed antenna (that is, the whip joint has only one section, which is hypertrophy and has sheep-toothed bristles attached); There are only a pair of large and developed front wings, the membrane and veins are simple, and the rear wing degenerates into a balance bar; The foot has five hocks; The development process is completely abnormal, and the larvae are maggot-like. Second, common flies The common flies in China belong to flies that breed around the living environment and are closely related to people. Their scientific name is housefly, including 18 species of housefly, city fly and stable rot fly. There are three kinds of flies in Putian: housefly (dull), golden fly (golden body) and mercerized green fly (green body). Third, the breeding habits of flies The breeding habits of flies are quite complicated, and their breeding places are also quite extensive. The common breeding places of flies in residential areas are divided into the following five kinds of places where breeding substances exist, and each kind can be divided into several types, namely: 1, human excrement: the ground of human excrement pit (pool), toilet (soil toilet, latrine) and human excrement (dung field). 2. Livestock manure: there are manure piles, septic tanks, manure fields, stables, single manure blocks, etc. However, it is different from cow dung (buffalo dung, cow dung), horse dung (mule dung, donkey dung), pig dung, sheep dung, dog dung, poultry dung (chicken dung, duck dung, goose dung) and miscellaneous dung. 3. Corrupt organic matter: divided into animal carcasses (dogs, cats, rats, birds, snakes, frogs, fish, shellfish, crustaceans and insects), carrion (poultry meat, fish, poultry meat, poultry juice, animal skins, animal hair, internal organs, etc. ), as well as eggs, dairy products, bacon, salted fish, and sediment from tanneries. 4. Species of rotten plants: rotten vegetables, melons and fruits, livestock feed (green feed, wheat straw, bean cake, soybean meal, distiller's grains), sauce and sauce products, pickle jars, etc. 5. Garbage categories: garbage bins (barrels), garbage passages, garbage houses (buildings), small garbage sorting yards and large garbage dumps. 6. There are also mixed compost, the feed inlet of biogas digesters, sludge in underground and open ditches, sewage pools, etc. Four. The feeding habits of flies are very complex, and their feeding behavior is quite unique, which constitutes the main part of their hygienic significance. They all belong to omnivorous flies, that is, they can feed on various substances, such as human food, human and bird secretions and excretions, kitchen waste and other garbage, plant juice and so on. Some species prefer plant substances, while others prefer animal products. Judging from the nutrients needed by adult flies, female houseflies can live well if they are fed only water, sugar or other absorbable carbohydrates, but their ovaries can't develop normally and they can't lay eggs normally. Only by feeding eggs or other protein or 16 amino acids can the ovaries develop normally. Feeding female houseflies with royal jelly can promote the full development of ovaries, shorten the prophase of oviposition and increase the amount of oviposition. The feeding behavior of houseflies is very interesting. After eating, you can defecate every few minutes. Because it often spits and defecates, it loses more water and urges it to eat frequently, so it eats, spits and pulls on people's food, which causes serious pollution to food and plays an important role in mechanically transmitted diseases. V. Harm of flies Flies carry countless bacteria and viruses, and can carry pathogens to spread diseases, such as cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery and bacterial food poisoning. Viral diseases, such as polio, viral hepatitis and trachoma; Amebic dysentery of protozoan disease; Parasitic diseases such as roundworm and cysticercosis. Secondly, fly larvae are parasitic in living tissues or cavities of people and livestock. Again, harassment and blood-sucking. There is also a blood-sucking fly among flies. As the name implies, it is to make a living by harassing and sucking blood. Fortunately, the main infringement is livestock, which does little harm to human beings. At the same time, the presence or absence of flies directly reflects the quality of environmental sanitation, affecting the development of catering industry and tourism industry and the construction of healthy cities. The control of flies by intransitive verbs has a strong reproductive ability. Even under unfavorable natural conditions, it can reproduce 10- 12 generations within one year. What is this concept? Assuming that the ratio of male to female flies is 1: 1, then 100 females will pass through 10 generation, and the total number will reach 2 trillion! It reminds us that in the work of killing flies, we must first eradicate the breeding grounds of flies, and we must start every spring when flies just start to breed. Otherwise, once the conditions are right, the number of flies will be quite amazing. The work in this area is also based on the strategy of comprehensive improvement, taking environmental prevention as the main radical measure, and fundamentally controlling the number of flies by eliminating and treating the breeding materials of flies (including feces, garbage and abandoned animals and plants). Chemical control is also an important means to control flies in residential areas, especially when disasters occur, intestinal infectious diseases are prevalent or the population density of houseflies is particularly high. (1) pesticide application on the retention surface: spray pesticides with residual effect and contact killing effect on the surface of fly litter, indoor walls and roofs more than 2 meters. Generally, the surface with strong water absorption should be coated with low concentration and high dose, and the surface with poor water absorption should be coated with high concentration and low dose. (2) Space spraying: it can kill adult flies quickly, but the duration is short, because adult flies can only be poisoned and die after contacting the sprayed fog particles. Commercially available aerosols and sprays are generally only used for space spraying because of their high prices. When spraying, the nozzle should face upwards, not towards the ground. Hanging poisonous fly rope, laying fly bait, sticking fly paper and catching fly cage can poison or catch adult flies. In addition, physical methods and mechanical methods can also be carried out in coordination. The oldest fly swatter belongs to this method, and there are many methods, such as installing a screen door and using a screen cover to prevent flies from touching food, which can also achieve certain results. It is difficult to kill flies, and it is even more difficult to consolidate. In order to consolidate the achievements of fly control, it is necessary to continue to improve the basic sanitary facilities for fly control, eliminate breeding grounds in time, discover and deal with newly generated breeding grounds in time, and conduct temporary fly density measurement on a regular basis to control the fly density at a harmless level. 6. Cities with a population of less than 1 and a population of 1 10,000 should set up two temporary monitoring points, one in the center of the city and the other on the edge of the city. For every population increase of 6.5438+0 million plus 1 minute, most of the points should be located on the edge of the city. Each temporary monitoring point includes: 1 farmer's market, 5 small restaurants, 1 green belt. 2. The methods and instruments of temporary measurement vary from place to place. Two round fly cages (height 40cm, diameter 25cm, three legs, bait basin 2.5cm from the bottom of the cage; The cone-shaped core is 35cm high and the top diameter is 2cm) and 5 pieces of sticky fly paper (25 × 25 cm); 2 pieces of sticky paper for small hotels and 1 fly trap for backyard; Green belt with 2 fly traps. 3. Record the date and scope of catch, weather and important fly control measures from 8: 00 to 4: 00 the next day, three times a month every ten days. (Author: College of Biological Engineering, Fujian Normal University) Lin