Zang-fu organs and zang-fu organs are distinguished according to their different functions. Zang-fu organs, including heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney (five internal organs), mainly refer to some organs with rich internal tissues in the chest and abdomen, whose * * * same function is to store essence. Essence refers to an indispensable nutrient that can nourish viscera and maintain life activities. Fu organs include gallbladder, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, bladder and triple energizer (six fu organs), which refer to some hollow organs in the chest and abdomen, and have the functions of digesting food, absorbing nutrition and excreting dregs. In addition, there are "odd and constant fu organs", which refer to a kind of organs different from ordinary fu organs in physiological function, including brain, marrow, bone, pulse, daughter cells and so on. It should be pointed out that the zang-fu organs in traditional Chinese medicine not only refer to anatomical organs, but also summarize the physiological functions and pathological changes of the human body. Therefore, although the names of organs in modern medicine are mostly the same, their concepts and functions are not completely consistent and cannot be equated.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the organic whole of human beings is an extremely complex unity with the five internal organs as the core, with the five internal organs as the leading factor, the six internal organs as the coordination, and the body tissues and organs as the network connection, forming five systems. This is a part of Chinese medicine system theory.
The internal organs of human body are not only related in structure, but also closely related and coordinated in function. The completion of a physiological activity often involves the participation of multiple organs, and an organ has multiple physiological effects. This interrelation between the five zang-fu organs is the general expression of the physiological activities of the five zang-fu organs. So visceral lesions can also affect each other.
At present, what we discuss most is the relationship between dirty and dirty, and the relationship between dirty and fu organs.
[Relationship between Dirty and Dirty]
1. Heart and lung: the heart governs blood and the lung governs qi. The maintenance of functional activities of human organs and tissues depends on the circulation of qi and blood to transport nutrients. Although the normal operation of blood is dominated by the heart, it must be driven by lung qi, and the ancestral qi accumulated in the lung must be injected into the heart pulse to reach the whole body smoothly.
2. Heart and liver: The heart is the driving force of blood circulation, and the liver is an important organ for storing blood. Therefore, the liver has sufficient blood storage, which can not only nourish the tendons and veins, but also promote the normal activities of human limbs and bones. If liver blood deficiency is due to lack of heart blood, blood can not nourish tendons, and symptoms such as muscle and bone pain, hand and foot contracture and convulsion appear. Another example is that liver depression turns into fire, which can disturb the heart and cause anxiety and insomnia.
3. Heart and spleen: Spleen is subtle and needs the help of blood to be transported to the whole body. And this painstaking effort must rely on the subtle energy of Shui Gu absorbed and transferred by the spleen. On the other hand, the heart governs blood, the spleen governs blood, and the function of the spleen is normal to control blood. If the temper is weak, it will lead to blood not following menstruation.
4. Heart and kidney: Heart and kidney interact and restrict each other to maintain the relative balance of physiological functions. In the physiological state, the heart yang drops, the land yin rises, and the upper and lower parts intersect, and the combination of yin and yang is called "the intersection of heart and kidney". Under pathological conditions, deficiency of kidney yin can not help the heart, and it will lead to hyperactivity of heart yang, which is called "disharmony between heart and kidney".
5. Liver and spleen: the liver stores blood, and the spleen governs the transport and transformation of Shui Gu's subtle blood. If spleen deficiency affects hematopoiesis, it may lead to liver blood deficiency and dizziness. The liver likes overstretching and hates depression. If the liver qi stagnates and crosses the spleen, abdominal pain and diarrhea will occur.
6. Liver and lung: the meridians of the liver penetrate fat and inject into the lungs. There is a certain connection between them. The rising of liver qi and the falling of lung qi are related to the ascending and descending operation of human qi. If liver qi goes up and lung qi goes down, chest tightness and shortness of breath can be seen. Liver-fire invading the lungs can also be seen in chest pain, hemoptysis or blood in sputum.
7. Liver and kidney: kidney stores essence, liver stores blood, liver blood needs kidney essence to nourish, and kidney essence needs liver vegetables to be continuously supplemented. The two are interdependent and mutually reinforcing. Deficiency of kidney essence can lead to liver blood deficiency. On the contrary, liver blood deficiency will affect the generation of kidney essence. Deficiency of kidney yin and liver dystrophy can lead to deficiency of liver yin, leading to hyperactivity of liver yang or hyperactivity of liver wind, such as dizziness, tinnitus, tremor, numbness and convulsion.
8. Lung and Spleen: Spleen transports Shui Gu's essence to the lung and combines it with the essence inhaled by the lung, thus forming total qi (also called lung qi). The strength of lung qi is related to the subtle movements of the spleen, so the spleen is full of qi. When spleen deficiency affects the lungs, symptoms such as eating less, being lazy, prevaricating and coughing can be seen. Clinically, the method of "invigorating spleen and benefiting lung" is often used. Another example is chronic cough, thin and white sputum, easy to cough up, fatigue, and eating less. Although the disease is in the lungs, the disease is in the spleen. We must use the method of "invigorating spleen, eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm" to achieve the effect. The so-called "lung is the storage of phlegm and spleen is the source of phlegm" reflects the relationship between spleen and lung.
Spleen and kidney: Spleen-yang relies on the warm nourishment of kidney-yang to play its transport and transformation role. Yang Can due to kidney deficiency makes the spleen yang weak and abnormal in transport, which will lead to morning diarrhea and indigestion. On the other hand, if the spleen is yang-deficient, it will also lead to kidney yang deficiency, cold vines in the waist and knees, edema and so on.
10. Lung and kidney: the lung dominates the descending, the water channel is opened, and the water flows downstream to the kidney. Kidney governs body fluid, which evaporates from kidney yang, so that the body fluid in the middle is clear and reaches the lung, and the function of body fluid metabolism is completed by the transport of spleen yang. Dysfunction of lung, spleen and kidney, and dysfunction of an organ will cause water retention and edema. Lung governs breathing, and kidney governs qi intake. Both viscera have the function of maintaining the ascending and descending of human qi.
【 Zang-fu relationship 】
The six fu organs are organs that conduct food and drink. They not only cooperate with each other, but also cooperate with each other to complete the process of receiving, digesting, absorbing, conducting and excreting food and drink together. For example, the gallbladder excretes bile to help the stomach digest food; Gastric absorption and decomposition, digestion of Shui Gu; The absorption of small intestine distinguishes turbid secretion; Water absorption and conduction dregs of large intestine; Bladder and wrist store and excrete urine; Triple coke is the main channel for water and liquid to ascend, descend and excrete. And the relationship between them is very close. One of the viscera dysfunction or pathology is enough to affect the transmission of diet. Therefore, the six internal organs are diarrhea rather than hiding, and they are used for communication.
Relationship between zang-fu organs and fu-organs
Zang-fu organs and fu-fu organs cooperate with each other from the outside to the inside, with one zang-fu organ corresponding to one fu-fu organ, the zang-fu organ belonging to yin as the inside and the fu-fu organ belonging to yang as the outside. The exterior and interior of zang-fu organs are connected by meridians, that is, the meridians of zang-fu organs and fu-fu organs are connected by meridians and qi, so zang-fu organs and fu-fu organs can influence and change each other in pathological changes.
The exterior-interior relationship of zang-fu organs is as follows: heart and small intestine are exterior-interior; Liver and gallbladder are exterior and interior; Spleen and stomach are exterior and interior; Lung and large intestine are exterior and interior; Kidney and bladder are both in the exterior and interior; Pericardium and triple energizer are exterior and interior.
1。 Heart and small intestine: Meridian is interlinked, both exterior and interior. Fever of heart meridian can lead to erosion of tongue coating. The transfer of painful heat to the small intestine can lead to short urine and urethral pain.
2。 Hepatobiliary: The gallbladder is located in the liver, and the viscera and meridians are interlinked, forming exterior and interior. Bile comes from the liver. If the drainage of the liver is abnormal, it will affect the normal excretion of bile. On the contrary, abnormal bile excretion will affect the liver. Therefore, hepatobiliary symptoms often occur at the same time, such as jaundice, hypochondriac pain, bitter taste and dizziness.
3. Spleen and stomach: In terms of characteristics, the spleen likes dryness and aversion to dampness, and the stomach likes moistening and aversion to dryness; Spleen governs ascending and stomach governs descending. Physiologically, the stomach is the sea of water and grain, which controls digestion; Spleen is the stomach, which circulates its body fluids and controls transportation and transformation. The combination of dryness and dampness, the combination of ascending and descending, the elimination of stomach and spleen, and their mutual use constitute a contradictory movement of unity of opposites and awe-inspiring, and * * * completed Shui Gu's task of digestion, absorption and transportation.
If the stomach-qi runs smoothly and the stomach-qi declines harmoniously, the Shui Gu will decline. If the temper is above, the behavior will be smooth, the temper will rise, and the subtle things will be above and below. Stomach qi rises if it does not fall, which is prone to nausea and vomiting. The spleen-qi declines instead of rising, which is prone to long-term diarrhea, proctoptosis and uterine prolapse. Because the spleen and stomach are closely related in physiology and affect each other in pathology, the spleen and stomach are often treated together in clinic, and the spleen and stomach are also treated together in treatment.
4. Lung and large intestine: meridians are connected, and the exterior and interior are mutually exterior. If the lung qi drops, the large intestine can be unobstructed and play its conduction function. On the contrary, if the large intestine keeps its conduction unobstructed, lung qi can be cleared. For example, lung qi stagnation may lead to large intestine conduction block and constipation. On the other hand, large intestine block can cause abnormal lung inhibition, shortness of breath, cough and asthma. For another example, in the treatment of lung excess heat, the large intestine can be diarrhea, so that the heat can be discharged from the large intestine. On the contrary, large intestine block can also promote lung qi, thus relieving large intestine qi.
5. Kidney and bladder meridian: the meridians are interlinked, both exterior and interior. Physiologically, one is water viscera and the other is water viscera, which maintain the balance of water-liquid metabolism (mainly kidney). The evaporation of kidney yang causes water to seep downwards, and the bladder will excrete urine through its own function by virtue of the function of kidney yang. Pathologically, renal Yang Can deficiency affects the weakening of bladder function, leading to frequent urination or enuresis; Damp-heat in the bladder can also affect the kidneys, causing low back pain and hematuria.
6. Pericardium and triple energizer: meridians are interlinked, and exterior and interior are mutually exterior and interior. For example, in clinic, fever, damp-heat combined with evil, triple energizer miss, chest tightness, heavy weight, less urine and less stool indicate that the disease is in qi. If it is not stopped, pathogenic heat will enter the camp from qi, and triple energizer will sink into pericardium, resulting in coma and delirium.
The relationship between internal organs is very extensive. There are both structural and functional connections between them. For example, the main function of spleen is transport and transformation, which is the source of systemic nutrition; However, besides the stomach as the main coordination, the transportation and transformation of spleen also depends on the release of liver qi, the conduction of lung qi, the nourishment of heart blood, the warmth of kidney yang and the participation of gallbladder qi. The relationship between the five zang-organs and six fu-organs constitutes the whole of human activities, making various physiological functions more harmonious and coordinated, which is of great significance to maintaining human life activities and maintaining health.