Research conclusion: Migrant workers are far away from their hometown relatives and have built a beautiful and prosperous city with hard work and sweat. However, due to the limitation of cultural quality and skill level, their work is often concentrated in industries such as construction, chemical industry, mining, road construction, clothing and catering, and most of them are engaged in bitter, dirty, tired, dangerous, poor, high temperature, high altitude and underground toxic and harmful work, and most of them work overtime.
These work characteristics directly caused their excessive physical consumption and injury. Their income level is low and their economic conditions are limited. Their health is worthy of attention. They shouldn't see a doctor when they are sick, and they shouldn't be hospitalized when they are in hospital. The result is "minor illness, serious illness", which leads to many bad consequences and tragedies.
Some surveys are only conducted in the construction industry. There are still many problems in the living conditions and health conditions of these migrant workers who have made great contributions to the city. Their poor living conditions, unreasonable diet, poor working environment, too heavy labor intensity, and many bad living habits of migrant workers themselves are all likely to lead to health problems and even tragedies.
Occupational hazards are high, medical and health awareness is poor, and the health status of migrant workers is worrying. Many migrant workers are in a sub-health state. It can be said that many migrant workers are sick. "A minor illness is delayed, but actually you can't go to the pharmacy." "These days, you are not afraid of poverty, but you are afraid of illness." It is often heard in research. In the investigation, it is found that migrant workers have low awareness of health and safety, limited health knowledge and are prone to various physical and mental diseases.
It shows that the current health status of migrant workers is not ideal, and there are still many things to be done to continuously improve their health. It should be noted that in recent years, * * * and relevant departments have paid more and more attention to migrant workers.
The health status of migrant workers is also improving. We should take care of the health of migrant workers as an important measure to build a harmonious society in the city, go deep into migrant workers, listen to their voices, care about their sufferings, and take effective measures to provide consultation, guidance and help for urban migrant workers to help them relieve all kinds of worries and physical and mental problems. We should also actively create conditions to continuously enrich the spiritual and cultural life of urban migrant workers, improve their health level, continuously improve their working environment and living conditions, and comprehensively improve their health level.
This is a popular project and an important part of building a harmonious city society. It is necessary to establish and improve the industrial injury insurance and medical insurance system for migrant workers, improve the labor safety guarantee system for urban migrant workers, actively improve their production, living and working conditions, comprehensively raise the awareness of employers' labor security and migrant workers' awareness of safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests according to law, earnestly strengthen the legal protection of migrant workers' labor security, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of urban migrant workers according to law.
2. What is the main content of community health education?
Community health education is the main means for general practitioners to mobilize the community, and it is also the basic method to establish close contact with community residents and grade their health. Effective community health education can not only achieve good social benefits, but also achieve good economic benefits by guiding community residents to establish a correct concept of healthy consumption. It is a health service project with small investment and large income.
The reasons why community health education can't get the response and recognition of community residents may be as follows: ① The content of health education is not targeted, not what community residents expect to know, and the understanding of residents' needs is not deep and specific enough; ② The contents of health education are not popular enough, and there are too many terms, so residents can't understand or understand, can't remember, can't feel from the heart, and can't motivate residents to change their ideas and behaviors; ③ The methods and forms of health education are too mechanical, not vivid enough, and only stay in theoretical explanation, lacking persuasiveness and appeal. ④ The residents' participation is too little, and they are not really aware of the benefits of participating in health education activities; ⑤ General practitioners have not received special training in health education, including success, motivation, public speaking, popular science writing, communication and marketing. To do a good job in health education, we must first innovate the knowledge system, make it popular, operational and physical, and have good eloquence, persuasion and communication skills.
3. Contents of community health education
The contents of community health education mainly include the following three categories: 1. General health education-helps to understand the basic knowledge of improving the health of individuals and groups. 2. Contents of special health education-educating the common health problems of special people in the community. 3. Health management laws and regulations education-understand the laws and regulations and improve the sense of responsibility. In addition, the emphasis of health education in urban and rural areas is different:1) The national health education plan for 900 million farmers has entered the 2 1 century, and China is building a well-off society in an all-round way. However, at present, in the vast rural areas, especially in poor and remote areas, farmers still have many backward, ignorant and unhealthy customs and lifestyles, with poor health awareness and knowledge, insufficient ability to make rational use of existing health resources, and the problems of poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness are prominent.
The survey of rural health education in six provinces in 2000 showed that the awareness rate of people over 0/5 years old in rural areas was only 36%, including drinking water sanitation, environmental sanitation and disease prevention, and farmers' health education had a long way to go. The Decision of Central the State Council on Health Reform and Development (Zhong Fa [1997] No.3), Guiding Opinions on Rural Health Reform and Development (Guo Ban Fa [2001] No.39) and the Implementation Outline of Rural Primary Health Care in China (2006 54 38+) have carried out in-depth "900 million farmers"
Since the launch of 1994, aiming at the main health problems in rural areas, combined with the primary health care tasks, mass communication and interpersonal communication, the "Action" has vigorously popularized basic health knowledge, achieved initial results, produced good social repercussions, and has been welcomed by farmers, becoming a key project of "culture, science and technology, and health going to the countryside". "Action" has a positive impact on changing stereotypes, enhancing farmers' awareness and ability of self-care and promoting the construction of two civilizations in rural areas.
1997, in the Decision of Central the State Council on Health Reform and Development, it was clearly stated that "health education for 900 million farmers should be actively promoted". UNICEF and WHO also believe that "action" is an important part of rural health promotion, and its successful experience can be popularized in developing countries.
(II) Basic Contents of Urban Health Education A city is the political, economic and cultural center of a region, and the health awareness and behavior of urban community residents reflect the cultural level and civilization level of a city; According to the growing health needs of urban community residents, referring to the National Standards for Urban Health Inspection and Evaluation and its detailed rules for implementation, the basic contents of urban community health education should include health concepts, health knowledge and health behaviors. 1. Health concept part (1) Health awareness education Health awareness mainly refers to the cognitive attitudes and values of individuals and groups towards health.
The contents of health awareness education mainly include modern health concepts; The importance of health to human survival and development; * * *, the responsibility of community, family and individual to maintain health; * * *, communities, families and individuals have the ability to maintain personal and social health. (2) Since the reform and opening up, China has promulgated a series of laws and regulations, such as People's Republic of China (PRC) Food Hygiene Law, People's Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Law, People's Republic of China (PRC) Infectious Disease Prevention Law, and Regulations on Hygiene Management in Public Places.
Popularizing health laws and regulations and publicizing health ethics will help to improve the health legal awareness and health moral level of community residents, and contribute to community health management, environmental management and spiritual civilization construction. 2. Health knowledge part (1) Location, physiological function and health care of important organs such as heart, lung, liver, stomach and kidney; Oral and eye care.
(2) Disease prevention knowledge: knowledge of prevention, symptoms and signs, treatment, nursing and rehabilitation of chronic non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Among them, prevention knowledge is the focus of education.
The main content is to advocate healthy behaviors and lifestyles such as non-smoking, non-drinking, reasonable diet, moderate exercise, regular health examination, active participation in health consultation, screening and treatment of general diseases, following doctor's advice and early treatment. Knowledge of symptoms, prevention, isolation, disinfection and epidemic reporting of various acute infectious diseases.
Among them, sexually transmitted diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis and viral hepatitis are infectious diseases that seriously endanger people's health at present, and publicity and education on their sources of infection, transmission routes and prevention methods should be strengthened. Knowledge of prevention and early treatment of common diseases such as colds.
Family first aid and nursing. Including the acute attack of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, the first aid of electric shock, drowning and gas poisoning, the operation methods of heart and artificial respiration, and the simple treatment of burns, scalds and falls.
(3) Health education, diet and nutrition. Including reasonable diet, scientific cooking of food, regular and quantitative diet, storage and consumption of iodized salt, disinfection of tableware, food storage, the influence of alcoholism, partial eclipse and overeating on health, and knowledge of preventing food poisoning.
Family medication and medical knowledge. Methods of storage and administration of commonly used drugs; How to use a thermometer and a sphygmomanometer.
Prevention and control of four pests. Living habits, health hazards, drugs and other control methods of pests such as flies, mice, mosquitoes, bedbugs and cockroaches.
Health knowledge in daily life. Work and rest on time, work, study, entertainment, labor and sports knowledge regularly; Effects of indoor lighting, ventilation, temperature and humidity on health; Kitchen, bathroom hygiene, etc.
(4) Mental health knowledge education includes the relationship between mental state and health and disease; How to adjust emotions and maintain psychological balance; How to prevent and eliminate tension; How to correctly handle the relationship between husband and wife, the relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, the relationship between parents and children, and the relationship between colleagues, and how to maintain family harmony and good interpersonal relationships; How to educate the only child? (5) Safety education in traffic accidents, gas poisoning, drowning, suicide and work-related injuries.