The Origin of Chinese Embroidery
Embroidery originated very early. Embroidered characters of hedgehogs can be found in history books. At the time of Yu Shun, there was embroidery. Officials were appointed to perform their duties in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and there was court embroidery in the Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Wu asked Mrs. Zhao to embroider the landscape army array. In the first year of Tang Yongzhen (A.D. 805), Lu Meiniang embroidered seven volumes of "Northern Territory" on the ruler and silk, which was famous for its embroidery and recorded before. Since the Han Dynasty, embroidery has gradually become a boudoir stunt, and famous embroidery workers have also occupied a place in the art history.
At present, the earliest embroidery is two pieces of embroidery from the Warring States Period unearthed from Chu Tomb in Changsha, Hunan. Looking at its stitch, it is completely embroidered on silk and Luo with braided needles (that is, lock embroidery). The stitch is neat, the color is elegant, and the lines are smooth, which makes the pattern like a dragon and a phoenix dance, natural and vivid, lively and powerful, which fully shows chu xiu's artistic achievements. The embroidery of the Han Dynasty was unearthed in the Thousand Buddha Cave in Dunhuang, Wuluchong Tomb in Hebei Province, and the northern tombs of Astana in northern Inner Mongolia and Turpan, Xinjiang, especially 1972 Changsha Mawang. Judging from these embroideries, the themes of Han embroidery patterns are mostly wave moire, phoenix flying with wings, galloping beasts, and ribbon patterns and geometric patterns common in mirror decoration in Han Dynasty. The newly adopted base material for embroidery was the popular fabric at that time, such as silk brocade woven into auspicious words such as "Long life and bright future" and "Changle". Its techniques are mainly lock embroidery, with full patterns, compact composition, neat stitches and extremely smooth lines.
Silk fabrics from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Northern Dynasties were unearthed in Dunhuang, Xinjiang, Hotan, Gansu, Bachu and Turpan. The whole embroidery, whether it is a pattern or a blank space, is embroidered with fine lock embroidery, which has become the characteristic of embroidery everywhere. Embroidery spread and unearthed in the Tang Dynasty is closely related to religion and art in the Tang Dynasty. Among them, there are many embroidered Buddha statues in the Tang Dynasty, such as the embroidered account of Ling jiusan found in the Thousand Buddha Cave in Dunhuang and the illustration of Sakyamuni in Nara National Museum, which are directly related to the belief in Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty. At this time, the embroidery technology still follows the lock embroidery of Han Dynasty, but the stitch technology has already started to change to the flat embroidery, and a variety of different stitches and colors have been adopted. The embroidery base used is not limited to brocade and plain silk. The patterns used in embroidery are closely related to painting. In the paintings of the Tang Dynasty, in addition to the Buddha figures, landscape flowers and birds are also very prosperous. Therefore, Buddha statues, pavilions, flowers and birds have also become embroidery patterns, with lively composition and bright colors. The use of micro-embroidery, combined with the use of various color lines and stitches, replaces the painting depicted by pigments, forming a special art, which is also the unique style of Tang embroidery. As for winding the outline of the pattern with gold and silver thread to enhance the three-dimensional sense of the object, it can also be regarded as an innovation of embroidery in the Tang Dynasty.
Before the Tang Dynasty, embroidery was mostly for practical and decorative purposes, and the content of embroidery was related to the needs and customs of life. Embroidery works in Song Dynasty are not only practical products, but also devoted to embroidery. Since the Jin and Tang Dynasties, literati loved calligraphy and applied it to painting. Calligraphy and painting was the highest artistic expression at that time, but in Song Dynasty, it was applied to silk embroidery, and the style of calligraphy and painting directly affected the style of embroidery. Embroidery painting should be closely related to the paintings of all ages up to the Qing Dynasty.
The development of embroidery in Song Dynasty was encouraged by the imperial court at that time. According to the Official History of Song Dynasty, the Chinese Embroidery Institute of the Forbidden City compiled embroidery products. During the reign of Hui Zong, there was also an expert in embroidery painting, who divided embroidery painting into landscapes, pavilions, figures and flowers and birds. As a result, famous embroidery workers appeared one after another, which made painting develop to the highest level, and brought calligraphy and painting into embroidery from practicality to artistic appreciation, forming a unique ornamental embroidery. In order to make the works achieve vivid artistic conception of painting and calligraphy, there should be a plan before embroidery, and the situation should be assessed and refined when embroidery. Composition must be simplified, and the choice of patterns is very important, which is completely different from embroidery with or without patterns in the Tang Dynasty. Dong Qichang's Secret Records of Yun Qing Xuan in the Ming Dynasty recorded: "Song people embroidered with fine needle and thread, one or two threads were stopped by velvet, and one needle was as thin as hair, making it gorgeous and brilliant. The mountains and rivers are far interesting, the pavilions are deep, the figures are vivid and the flowers and birds are graceful. The best one is better than painting, the third one is interesting and well prepared, and the spring breeze is covered here. " This description roughly explains the characteristics of Song embroidery.
There are few embroideries handed down from the Yuan Dynasty. Taiwan Province Province only hired one work in the Palace Museum, which still inherited the legacy of the Song Dynasty. The velvet used by Yuan people is a little thicker and the needles are not dense, which is not as beautiful as Song embroidery.
The dyeing and weaving technology of the Ming Dynasty was only developed during the Xuande period. Embroidery began in Shanghai Guluxiang Garden during Jiajing period, and it was handed down from generation to generation with embroidery, and many famous ladies came forth in large numbers. Gu Shouqian, the second grandson of Gu Ming, and his wife, Han Ximeng, are well versed in the six methods, far from the true biography of hair embroidery in Tang and Song Dynasties. Imitation embroidery of ancient and modern celebrity calligraphy and painting, silk color matching, secret biography, so it can be printed in words, embroidered landscape figures, flowers and birds, all exquisite, known as Luxiangyuan Gu embroidery, covered with so-called painting embroidery. This is the famous ancient embroidery.
Gu embroidery stitch mainly inherited the most complete embroidery stitch in Song Dynasty, and changed and applied it, which can be described as a great achievement of stitch. Most of the wires used are flat wires, and sometimes twisted wires are used. The thread is as thin as a hair and the stitches are flat, but the variety of colored threads used is incomparable to Song embroidery. At the same time, the middle color line is used, and the color is borrowed and supplemented, and embroidery and painting are used together to make the manuscript realistic. According to the needs of the pattern, you can use materials at will, regardless of the method. True grass, Siamese cockfighting tail hair, fine gold and hair can all be embroidered with innovative ideas, especially with hair embroidery to complete the production of paintings, which has never been seen in the history of dyeing and weaving in the world. This shows that Gu embroidery has extremely ingenious embroidery techniques.
Embroidery in Qing Dynasty was mostly court embroidery, which was mostly drawn by painters in Ruyige, a palace manufacturing office. After approval, it was sent to three weaving and embroidery workshops under the jurisdiction of Jiangnan Weaving, and the embroidery was still very neat and exquisite. Besides the court embroidery, there are many local embroideries, such as Lu embroidery, Yue embroidery, Xiang embroidery, Jing embroidery, Su embroidery and Shu embroidery, all of which have their own local characteristics. Suzhou Embroidery, Sichuan Embroidery, Guangdong Embroidery and Hunan Embroidery are the four major local embroideries, which are later called "Four Famous Embroideries", among which Suzhou Embroidery is the most famous. In the heyday of Suzhou embroidery, schools proliferated, famous artists competed for beauty, and embroidery was widely used in daily life, which led to various changes in embroidery stitch, refinement of embroidery workers and more ingenious color matching of embroidery thread. Most of the patterns made are festive, long-lived and auspicious, especially the flower-and-bird embroidery, which is deeply loved by people. Famous embroidery has come out one after another, such as Ding Pei and Shen Shou.
With the development and innovation of Suzhou embroidery, many new embroideries have been formed, such as random embroidery, bundle embroidery, Shuang Mianxiu, double-sided embroidery with different colors, subtle embroidery and colorful embroidery. In addition, there are many embroidery of frontier ethnic minorities, which also fully shows the natural beauty and simple beauty of the original style. Embroidery was mostly practical at first, but by the production of Song, Yuan, Guang and calligraphy and painting, it gradually became an artistic treasure. Most of the embroideries in the Forbidden City belong to this category. The earliest era was the Five Dynasties, and the most articles were the Qing Dynasty. After several generations of innovation and development, each has its own characteristics and achieved great success. The collections of the National Palace Museum in Taiwan are almost all fine works, with even embroidery, fine needle and thread, exquisite color and won the essence of calligraphy, and all of them are mounted into scrolls, which often makes viewers mistakenly think that calligraphy and painting are to appreciate the artistic value of the collection.
China embroidery school
Suzhou embroidery
Hunan embroidery
Yuexiu
Sichuan embroidery
Folk embroidery
China folk embroidery has a long history. Many embroidery products have been found in the unearthed cultural relics of the Han Dynasty, which shows that embroidery was popular in China as early as the Han Dynasty.
Shanxi Folk Embroidery ※
Shanxi province is the place where folk embroidery works grow. Shanxi folk embroidery not only has a long history, but also has a wide range of themes and rich content, which has the characteristics of reflecting Shanxi customs.
Shanxi folk embroidery has its own unique artistic style, with simple patterns, bright colors, simple composition, exaggerated modeling, diverse stitches and exquisite embroidery. Most of these folk embroidery works come from rural working women.
Xinzhou and Jinnan have the greatest influence on embroidery in Shanxi.
Xinzhou embroidery
Xinzhou folk, embroidery is quite common among the masses. In Daixian area, embroidery has the characteristics of preciseness, magnificence and elegance. Wutai county and nearby urban and rural areas have beautiful and dignified embroidery style; Xinzhou, Dingxiang, Yuanping and other places, the embroidery style is relatively simple and beautiful.
Xinzhou embroidery can be roughly divided into three categories: clothing, daily necessities and sacrificial supplies.
Folk costumes, traditional folk embroidery is mainly used as a kind of decoration. Most of these decorations are on women and children. In women's embroidery, different parts have different patterns. "Wrist sleeves" (coat cuffs) are usually decorated with two continuous patterns containing peace, auspiciousness and wishful thinking. The "neckline" is like clouds in embroidery, decorated with floral patterns. "Skirt" is a common dress for women in ancient and modern times. It is the front piece and the back piece, often embroidered, and the colors are mostly black, blue and red. The "coat" is embroidered on the chest, and the commonly used patterns are fish playing lotus and peony flowers. "T" is often embroidered with butterflies, lotus flowers and other patterns. On the "shoes" belt, there are recent patterns such as love flowers and laurel trees embroidered. "Liangguan" is used by women to tie their hair in summer. It is often embroidered on a black background, which is very delicate. Most of the "belly hugging" of rural children are embroidered with red edges, which are generally decorated with patterns symbolizing auspiciousness and reproduction, such as the birth of your son and the building full of buildings in Changchun. There are also five poisonous insects embroidered, which means taking poison if it is not close. The bib on the boy's body is often embroidered with Shuang Hu's head, two lion's heads and Five Blessingg's longevity. The girl's "bib" is embroidered with five butterflies holding flowers, five lotus seats and five fish beating lotus flowers. Earmuffs for ear protection in winter are mostly peach-shaped and often embroidered with auspicious animals, flowers and birds. "Children's shoes" are mostly tiger-headed shoes, with the tiger's head in front, the tiger's feet at the side, and the tiger's tail at the back, tilting upwards. Embroidered in front is a green toad shoe, named toad, which contains the meaning of "laurel on the moon, money on the ground". Xinzhou village has pig shoes, puppy shoes and so on, all related to local customs. Girls' shoes are the same as boys', but the embroidered patterns in front of them are auspicious and cheerful, decorated with flowers and birds with meanings.
In the past, when the baby was full moon, relatives and friends would embroider the baby's hat as a gift. In these embroideries, tiger hats are mostly given to boys, which are divided into single-sided tiger, double-sided tiger, liger fit and so on. The baby girl got embroidery, such as a lotus hat and a crown.
Daily necessities: There are pillow flowers and tiger pillows in Xinzhou area. There are two-headed tigers, one-faced tigers, tiger-headed fish tails and toad pillows in the tiger pillow. These pillows are beautifully sewn and have unique patterns and shapes. It is not only a pillow for children, but also a toy for children.
A square pillow sewn when men and women get married, with fish lotus embroidered at both ends, and fish marry casually.
"Louhua" is a variety of daily necessities made by women in Xinzhou area with rags of various colors. Such as cushions, schoolbags, saddles, etc.
"Insole" is often used as a gift for unmarried young women to their fiance, and is often embroidered with patterns such as boundless happiness, all the best, lotus boy and so on.
Wallets have different uses, such as holding money and cigarettes. Under normal circumstances, the "purse" embroidery worker is more delicate, mostly as a token of men and women, but it is often a token given by women to men.
"Opening needles" is a daily necessity for women to use needles. It is often divided into two parts, fish, pig, tiger, rabbit and other different shapes, which are also particularly chic.
"Pink thread bag" is a line printing tool used by urban and rural women to cut clothes. Most of them are animals, and embroiderers are particularly chic.
Keyhole is a daily necessity that women often wear when they go out. Often embroidered with various patterns, it is not only of practical value, but also an ornament to wear with you, and the embroiderer is also chic.
Also, during the traditional festivals, many places in the border of Xinzhou will embroider some holiday supplies for children.
On the Dragon Boat Festival, mothers embroider grain "sachets" for their children.
Usually, people will embroider "pillows" for the elderly to sit on; Seat accessories "cushions" made of embroidery, flower arrangement and flower arrangement; As well as the sedan chair for the couple to get married, the embroidered "sedan curtain" and "car clothes" decorated on the car, and so on.
Sacrificial articles: This kind of embroidery is often decorated with exquisite embroidery such as dragon, phoenix, crane, Fulu, Xi Shou, Eight Immortals of Light and Shadow, etc. , used to clean the ceremonial mourning hall, altar skirt, shrine curtain, etc. In addition, materials and embroidery workers are very particular about the embroidery on the coffin cover for funeral and the "Shouzai" and "Shouku" of the deceased.
Jinnan embroidery
In the rural areas of southern Shanxi, people's daily necessities, clothes and hats are mostly decorated with embroidery, such as neckline, cuffs, skirts, shawls, hats, shoes and quilt covers, pillows, wedding tents, birthday tents, table surrounds, chair cushions and so on. There are different embroidery patterns.
Folk embroidery in southern Shanxi is mostly found in Linyi County, Wanrong County, Xiangfen County, Hongtong County, Jixian County, Linfen City and Yuncheng City. The embroidery patterns in these places are mainly popular, such as smug, Deng Mei Magpie, Song He Yannian, Erlong Play Pearl, Phoenix Peony and so on. This is the general theme of folk embroidery in southern Shanxi. Fruits and vegetables, birds and animals, mountains and rivers, pavilions, etc. They are all kinds of embroidery schools in life.
Folk embroidery in southern Shanxi is mostly made by ordinary peasant women, and this traditional embroidery skill is often passed down from family to family and exchanged with each other. The girls here, influenced by their families when they were young, began to learn embroidery. With the growth of age, embroidery naturally becomes an important artistic activity in their growth. They accumulated experience and skills in practice, and under the influence of their elders, they independently created new patterns from imitation, forming a unique folk embroidery style in southern Shanxi.
The author of folk embroidery in southern Shanxi is very good at using various techniques to express his imaginary theme. Some are realistic, some are romantic, and some are exaggerated, creating countless embroidery crafts that are both decorative and full of local flavor.
Folk embroidery in southern Shanxi has a wide range of materials and vivid shapes, and some embroidery works have reached a vivid realm. Take the flower hat worn by children in rural areas in southern Shanxi as an example. This kind of hat is designed according to the change of children's age and season. Not only the shape is beautiful, the embroidery is colorful and exquisite, but also the ears, eyes and tongue of the hat can shake. Coupled with embroidery and shawls, it is very attractive and a rare folk handicraft.
In the use of colors, strong contrasting colors, such as red, big green, big blue and big black, are used as the background color, and the embroidered patterns are elegant colors, which make embroidery in sharp contrast and seek color harmony in comparison. Embroidery in southern Shanxi, although there are few colors for embroidery, is colorful and colorful.
In the application of embroidery stitches, folk embroidery in southern Shanxi mainly adopts various stitches, such as oblique stitches, plain stitches, scattered stitches, quilting embroidery, button embroidery and Panjin embroidery. According to the content to be expressed, different stitches are used to form many different styles of embroidery, which embodies the colorful folk life interest in the rural areas of southern Shanxi.
Folk embroidery in southern Shanxi has a long history, strong local color, rigorous composition and strong national style and local characteristics.
Lingbao Folk Embroidery ※
Lingbao folk embroidery has been passed down from generation to generation, continuously developed and innovated, and gradually formed its own unique local style, which can be summarized as follows:
Rich and diverse, meaning auspicious.
Lingbao's folk embroidery is mostly practical. All daily necessities and clothes (mainly women and children) are decorated with embroidery. Such as cuffs, collars, skirts, aprons, curtains, quilts, curtains, children's hats, handkerchiefs, socks soles, etc. These items are decorated with auspicious patterns with different meanings, which show women's blessings to their loved ones and their yearning for a better life.
The patterns of Lingbao folk embroidery are usually symbols of happiness and good luck. Or through "homophones" with the same pronunciation. Express good wishes for life. It combines the appreciation habits of the masses and permeates the folk customs of western Henan. Such as "the precious son of the lotus nut", "the magpie climbs the plum tree", "Kirin sends the son", "Yuanyang plays in the water", "ice flute Hua Lian", "Phoenix plays peony", "Carp wears lotus flowers", "A hundred birds fly towards the phoenix", "Lion rolls hydrangea" and "Phoenix plays peony" and so on.
Spread love and show maternal love.
Lingbao is also the hometown of traditional operas in China, and various folk operas such as "Daoqing", "Henan Bangzi" and "Shadow Play" are deeply loved by local people. Therefore, the stories, costumes, colors and figures in folk opera and shadow play art are directly or indirectly transplanted into folk embroidery. The most prominent content is love stories, such as Picking up Jade Bracelets, Closet Side and Butterfly Lovers, all of which are carefully embroidered by girls on purses, pillowcases, door curtains, curtain sides, quilt covers and bed edges. Embroidered figures of men and women, with simple and pure images and bright colors, have entrusted the girls with their good feelings about love life and marriage happiness. Children's hats, bellies, cloth tigers and sachets embroidered by women are all devoted to maternal love.
It is closely related to folk culture and inseparable.
The folk customs and habits of Lingbao folk embroidery provide opportunities and conditions for fully demonstrating women's diligence and wisdom (weddings, funerals and major festivals). In other words, folk embroidery endows local folk customs with a beautiful and mysterious color.
In Lingbao County, according to different festivals and fashions, women embroider embroidery and toys with different connotations and contents according to marriage, love and children's health. The girl's wedding is a big happy event, so we must "wear blue satin shoes and embroider red flowers". After passing the door, she will take care of it. " The bride and groom's new house must be decorated with prosperity and celebration. What is it like? "Yuanyang Pillow, Dragon and Phoenix Curtain, Embroidered Phoenix and Red Silk Curtain." The bride's wedding table is a beautiful work of art, as the folk song proves: Wang Xiaojiao is a bride, and she is busy embroidering and getting married. After the second watch was embroidered in four corners, colorful clouds floated everywhere; After midnight, magpies will be sent to the plum blossom for good luck. After the four-watch embroidery, the husband and wife are happy; Wu Geng embroidered the dragon, played the phoenix, and flew with me as a mandarin duck. It is also very grand for a woman to have a "full moon". Grandma will send tiger boots, tiger hats, embroidered pockets and xianggong hats (all of which can't be separated from embroidery). The "Duanyang Festival" in May is an important festival of the Han nationality. The folk song says, "The sun is red at the end of May, so make a sachet to drive away poisonous insects." The eldest girls, kannika nimtragol and clever mother-in-law of every household in rural Lingbao began to embroider all kinds of fragrant cloth bags, such as Eight Immortals, Zodiac, the Monkey King, Moving Baby, Holding Peach Baby, Chicken Heart, Shoutao Peach, Bergamot and Butterfly. The sachet is filled with aromatic herbs such as Atractylodes lancea and Angelica dahurica, which can not only drive away mosquitoes and flies, but also smell good. The girls carefully embroidered it and gave it to their lovers as a symbol of love. Mothers embroider carefully to protect the safety and health of their children.
Completely retains and inherits the traditional embroidery skills.
The representative stitches of Lingbao folk embroidery are "zipper", "braid embroidery" and "punching embroidery". In addition, the commonly used needling methods include traditional techniques such as "wrapping needle", "small needle", "flat needle", "plate needle" and "mending needle". Among them, the techniques of "drawing flowers" and "mending embroidery" are particularly eye-catching. Drawing flowers is to embroider vivid flowers with needles and single yarn, and Liao Liao counts the needles radially. Although it is an auxiliary technique, it plays an important role in embroidery. This stitch is usually used on cloth toys, such as stretching a small flower on the forehead and ribs of a majestic tiger, which makes the fierce liger look a little naive and cute. "Supplementary embroidery" is more widely used in embroidery. Its characteristic is that it can make embroidery produce relief effect. "Supplementary embroidery" is subdivided into the following categories: "Filling embroidery", similar to "overlapping embroidery". It uses cloth, silk or other materials to cut out the required pattern, fills cotton in the bottom material, and then embroiders the lace around the pattern with a needle to make the pattern convex and have a three-dimensional effect. This embroidery is more common in children's stomachs, pillowcases and children's hats; "Mending embroidery" is a complicated technique. It usually takes white as the background, then cuts out the required pattern with black and cyan cloth, cuts off the unnecessary part of the pattern with a knife, and draws a line in the blank place with colorful cloth. This patched embroidery method sets off colorful patterns in black patterns, which is strong in contrast, light and has the effect of taking root. This embroidery method is mostly used to embroider daily necessities such as insoles and socks soles. "Overlapping embroidery" is a complicated embroidery process. Its technique is to stick the cut original piece with cloth piece by piece, then stick it on the bottom material (the color of the bottom material is still mainly black and blue), and then embroider lines of various colors from the center of the pattern with a flat needle. When embroidery, a thin line is evenly left on the edge of the pattern, and the white outline is very chic against the colorful pattern base.
Introduction of embroidery stitch
Category: direct embroidery, loop stitch, sleeve stitch, spring stitch, grab stitch, plain stitch, loose stitch, knitting stitch, application stitch, auxiliary stitch and variant stitch.
Straight needle
It is completely embroidered with vertical lines, and the thread lifting needles are all on the side, all parallel, and the edges are neat. Color matching is based on one color line, and there is no sum color. Where the stitch is too long, thread nails are used, which later evolved into the method of laying needles and carving lines.
Disc needle
Needle method for representing curved body. Comprises a cutting needle, a connecting needle, a needle roller and a rotating needle. Among them, the cutting needle was the earliest, and later it developed into a rotating needle.
trocar
It started in the Tang Dynasty, prevailed in the Song Dynasty, and was further developed in the Ming Dynasty. At that time, Luxiang Garden was also in charge of embroidery, and Shen Shoushi was in the Qing Dynasty.
Single set: also known as flat set. Its embroidery method is as follows: the first batch of needles starts from the edge and the edge is neat; The second batch of falling needles is in the first batch, and the first batch needs to leave a gap to accommodate the second batch of falling needles; The third batch needs to go to the end of the first batch, and then leave the gap of the fourth batch of needles; The fourth batch is connected to the end of the second batch ...; After that, and so on.
Horizo needle
There is a symmetrical long and short needle. This needle uses long and short needles alternately, and the back needle is drawn out from the middle of the front needle, with uneven edge, which has the advantage of smooth color matching and can be used to embroider simulated images.
Grab the needle
Also known as pushing the needle, it is a needle method that uses a short straight needle to follow the posture of the body, and the back needle follows the front needle, one needle at a time. It can be said that this kind of needling is the development of straight needling.
plain stitch
It is an embroidery method that uses gold and silver thread instead of silk thread. The method: firstly, lay gold thread or silver thread on the embroidery ground, and then needle it with short silk thread. Every needle gauge is one and a half minutes, and it is circuitously filled according to the embroidery pattern, including two or three rows and several rows. Tie the thread on the flower like a cross pattern, just like the sole pattern.
pine needle
It uses a variety of stitches to achieve a moderate depth of yin and yang, and strives to make the embroidery realistic.
Row stitch: it is a mixed stitch method with long and short stitches.
embroidery
It is an embroidery method similar to knitting. Include yarn poking, dot, velvet laying, net embroidery, embroidery, cross peach blossom, Mao Xiu, etc. These stitches are suitable for embroidery patterns, so they can also be called "pattern embroidery".
Rao embroidery
It is a stitch method in which stitches and threads are interwoven to form embroidery. Sowing, zipper, buckle embroidery, braided strands and feather needles all belong to this category. Seed-beating: This is one of the traditional stitches in Suzhou embroidery. Can be used to embroider the core, but also can independently embroider the pattern.
Application needle
It's the suture added to his needle. This kind of needling requires sparse but not dense, scattered but inconsistent, lively but not stagnant, and uneven.
Auxiliary needle
This stitch is not an independent stitch, but an auxiliary stitch to enhance the similarity and vividness of embroidery scenes. The needling methods belonging to this category are: auxiliary needling, needling, scale needling and so on.
Variant embroidery
In embroidery, there are some special embroidery methods that change the conventional embroidery with the help of other tools, materials and technological methods. These methods are variant embroidery, including dyeing embroidery, painting embroidery, borrowing color embroidery, high embroidery, silk picking and shearing. Dyeing embroidery: People, flowers and birds in Yuan embroidery often use ink to draw eyebrows instead of embroidery. Dyeing embroidery method began here and is still in use today.
1958, dragon and phoenix embroidery was unearthed from Chu tomb in Changsha, China. It is the ancient embroidery in China during the Warring States Period more than 2,000 years ago, and it is one of the earliest embroidery objects in China. In the Han Dynasty, embroidery was more widely used and more artifacts were unearthed.
Embroidery in Ming Dynasty has become a very expressive work of art, resulting in Suzhou embroidery, Guangdong embroidery, Xiang embroidery and Shu embroidery, which are also called "four famous embroideries". Gu embroidery in Shanghai Luxiang Garden was the most famous embroidery at that time. Gu family has been passed down from generation to generation, and his reputation for being good at embroidery is well-known in the north and south of the country and appreciated by the court. In the Qing Dynasty, Gu embroidery not only shocked the world, but also became famous overseas, attracting many foreign businessmen to Shanghai and ordering a large number of embroidery products from Gu Pai. For a time, Gu embroidery became the general name of embroidery.
China's ancient embroidery has not been sold for a long time in the international art market, and the price is flat. It was not until 1993 in Hong Kong, Singapore and other places that someone began to collect it specially. According to market analysts, it will take collectors 10 years to make embroidery a new favorite in the international market. In recent two years, at some domestic art auctions, the price competition of embroidery lots is now very high, which is very attractive to buyers.
Embroidery also enjoys a high reputation abroad. In the eyes of foreigners, embroidery is one of the representatives of China culture and art.