What health does smoking have to the body?

Smoking is an unhealthy living habit. China people knew about smoking, probably during the Jiajing period of Sejong in the Ming Dynasty. The Portuguese live in Macau. They have been smoking for a long time. As I said before, it is a fact that they came to live in Macao and their habits have not changed. The second volume of A Brief History of Macao written by Yin and Zhang Rulin said: "People living in Xiangshan and Macao ... smoke snuff, eat tobacco, roll paper like a pen, and burn fire to smoke food." Although people in China know that there is tobacco, no one has directly imported it or smoked it. When the wind of smoking rose in Ming Shenzong, Bohr's "History of Tobacco" said in Chapter 6: "/kloc-At the beginning of the 7th century, trade was prevalent in the Philippines, where Guangdong was occupied by the Spanish, so the wind of smoking invaded China like lightning and thunder. In the world of Emperor Zongshen, this new trend is even worse than the traditional tea-eating style. " The same is true of Qi Jiwen's annotations in Lu Yong County Compilation. "Tobacco comes from overseas, and China and Turkey have to grow and manufacture it according to law. He is good at national industry and was born in Luzon. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (Zongshen period), Zhang Quan Ma Shi began to manufacture cigarettes and spread them from Jiubian. " According to Yi Ming's "Lu Shu", it is also said: "The state-owned grass in Luzong is light and fragrant, and it is called canary. Smoke enters the throat from the pipeline, which will make people drunk and produce miasma ... Zhangzhou people brought it from the open sea, and Putian also planted it, more than Luzon. " Chinese transliteration of Tobauo. For Tampa (see the article "Food and clothing" in A Brief History of Macao, Volume II, The Australian Fan). And call it tobacco, which means sucking grass. This kind of tobacco seems to be imported from Ming Shenzong, and its origin is Fujian, which is beyond doubt. There is only the so-called "Zhang Quan Ma Shi", and I don't know who it is, which remains to be verified. It is regrettable that there is a shortage of books after tobacco import. It is not clear whether he Qiao Yuan has read more than 100 volumes. The second volume of Zhou Lianggong's Min is prepared to record foreign objects, only adding sweet potatoes in detail and lacking tobacco. I don't know why. Although tobacco was listed in the fifty-nine "property" of the "Re-edited Fujian Annals" compiled in the light years of the Qing Dynasty, only "tobacco leaves are as big as taro leaves, planted in the cover of Xichan Temple in central Fujian, and only one in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty", how to input and spread paper money is difficult to verify. (Excerpted from Huang Xianfan's Investigation on the Spread of Smoking Custom (IV), published in Sweep Newspaper (Weekly of Literature, History and Geography) No.48, 194 1 year 65438+February 24th; Huang Xianfan's A Preliminary Study on the Interpretation of Ancient Books —— Selected Academic Papers of Huang Xianfan 195 Page Guangxi Normal University Press, July 2004 1) is harmful to the brain. Smoking can cause a variety of brain diseases, reduce oxygen and blood circulation in the brain, lead to cerebral vascular bleeding and occlusion, and lead to paralysis, mental decline and stroke. The cause of stroke is that smoking leads to cerebral vasospasm, which makes blood coagulation easier. Smokers are twice as likely to have a stroke as nonsmokers. Laryngeal smoking can cause laryngeal cancer. Laryngeal cancer patients are mostly male. Studies on the heart and blood vessels have found that smoking will increase the viscosity of platelets in the blood, making it easier for blood to coagulate, thus easily forming thrombus in the coronary artery. At the same time, smoking will also increase the low-density cholesterol in the blood, making it easy for fatty substances to deposit in blood vessels and form coronary atherosclerosis. If the coronary artery hardens, its lumen will become thinner. Once the blood coagulates inside, the artery will be blocked. At this time, oxygen can not be sent to this part of the myocardium, and myocardial cells will fail and die due to lack of oxygen. This is a myocardial infarction. Local myocardial infarction can cause angina pectoris, while large-scale myocardial infarction can make people go into shock or die because of sudden cardiac arrest. This is acute myocardial infarction. Smoking will constrict blood vessels, slow down the circulation of blood and oxygen, and eventually lead to thickening of blood vessel walls, leading to coronary heart disease and stroke. Smoking will completely block the blood circulation of hands and feet, leading to amputation. Doctors advise smokers to quit smoking immediately if they have high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, heart disease or family history of heart disease, because smoking will increase your risk of myocardial infarction by dozens of times. The death rate of heart disease caused by smoking accounts for 25% of the total. The prevalence of smokers over 50 has doubled. The prevalence rate of smokers under 50 years old increased 9 times, reaching 14 times. Smoking in the lungs can cause lung cancer. 90% of the total mortality rate is caused by smoking. The prevalence rate of a person who smokes ten cigarettes a day is ten times that of a non-smoker. Damaged cells can't return to normal. The initial symptoms will not be found until the cancer cells spread to blood vessels and other organs. Up to now, lung cancer is the most deadly cancer in human beings, and it is almost impossible to occur in the early stage. The survival rate of patients diagnosed with lung cancer is less than 5% after 3 years and almost zero after 5 years. Doctors advise smokers to have a chest X-ray every 3 to 6 months. If there are symptoms such as dry cough, bloodshot sputum, dull pain in the chest, fever, etc., you should not take it lightly. They should go to the hospital immediately for sputum exfoliated cells examination. Only in this way can the possibility of early detection of lung cancer be increased. Smoking can also cause emphysema, and toxic substances accumulated in the bronchi of the lungs will hinder the normal exhalation of the air inhaled by the human body, causing lung cells to expand or burst, resulting in difficulty breathing. The patient with severe emphysema is in great pain. In order to inhale enough oxygen, they have to stand up and gasp at high frequency. Even on the flat ground, they should walk slowly. Some more serious patients have to rely on oxygen bags to maintain their lives, and they must concentrate all their energy on a simple action-breathing in their lifetime. Some doctors think that compared with emphysema, lung cancer should be regarded as a very kind disease, because it makes people suffer for a much shorter time. For people with gastrointestinal diseases, smoking is enough to make them worse. People with gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer will slow down the healing of ulcer and even become chronic diseases. Smoking can stimulate the nervous system, accelerate the secretion of saliva and gastric juice, make the gastrointestinal tract often tense, and lead to the loss of appetite of smokers. In addition, nicotine can also contract gastrointestinal mucosal blood vessels and reduce appetite. Bone smokers have a longer fracture recovery period than non-smokers. It may be that nicotine and carbon monoxide contained in cigarettes slow down the process of bone regeneration. Nicotine constricts blood vessels and reduces blood flow to new bones. The carbon monoxide inhaled during smoking also reduces the speed at which oxygen enters the body. Smoking can lead to osteitis and back pain. Smoking more than ten cigarettes a day will double the prevalence of periostitis. Most people with severe back pain are addicted to smoking, because smoking will reduce the blood flow of the articular disc and the articular disc will degenerate early. Smoking can lead to arthritis. Smoking a pack of cigarettes a day will increase the prevalence rate by 50%. Female smokers are more likely to suffer from fractures and arthropathy after menopause. Smoking will lead to faster bone loss. Women smoke a pack of cigarettes every day from adolescence to menopause, and their bones are 5% to 10% less than those of non-smokers. When smokers enter menopause, the bone loss rate is faster. Smoking can interfere with estrogen, which is an important hormone in bone development. Bronchial smoking is the main cause of chronic obstructive tracheal disease. Because smoking can cause the cilia of bronchial epithelial cells to become shorter and irregular, cause dyskinesia, reduce local resistance and be susceptible to infection. Smoking in the liver will increase the burden on the liver. Regular smoking will affect the lipid metabolism of the liver, increase blood lipid, decrease benign cholesterol and increase malignant cholesterol. This has caused the burden of detoxification function of the liver to increase. Intestinal smoking can lead to colon cancer. The risk of this kind of cancer is directly proportional to the amount of smoking. Research shows that although quitting smoking can reduce the risk of heart disease, lung cancer and other diseases, the risk of colon cancer is still high. Eye smoking can lead to cataracts and affect vision. Research shows that there are twice as many cataract patients who smoke more than one pack a day as those who never smoke. Smoking in reproductive system inhibits the spinal nerve center, which weakens male sexual desire, and because smoking can cause vasoconstriction and spasm, it causes peripheral blood circulation disorder. Therefore, smoking is the main cause of impotence. Australia and Canada have printed this information directly on cigarette packets. In addition, smoking will affect sperm motility and increase abnormal sperm, and it will take three to six months to return to normal after quitting smoking. If you want a smart and healthy child, baby experts advocate that you must give up smoking for three to six months. Secondhand smoke Secondhand smoke is a kind of mixed smoke that is burned or exhaled by cigarettes, pipes or cigars when smokers smoke. Secondhand smoke is the most common pollutant in many smoking places. Smoke emitted during smoking can release more than 4,000 kinds of gases and particles, most of which are very strong irritants, and at least 40 of them can cause cancer in humans or animals. After smokers quit smoking, these particles can still stay in the air for several hours, can be inhaled by other non-smokers, and may be mixed with the decay products of radon gas, causing great harm to human health. When smoking harms smokers' own health, second-hand smoke will also affect non-smokers. In addition to irritating eyes, nose and throat, it will significantly increase the risk of lung cancer and heart disease in non-smokers. If children live with some smokers, their respiratory system will be more susceptible to infection. Other symptoms include increased cough, asthma, excessive phlegm, impaired lung function and slow lung development. The benefits of quitting smoking. According to scientists' experiments for many years, a series of beneficial changes will take place in the internal organs of smokers after quitting smoking, which are roughly as follows: within 20 minutes: blood pressure drops to the standard level; Pulse drops to standard speed; The temperature of hands and feet rose to standard body temperature. Within 8 hours: the content of carbon monoxide in blood drops to normal level; The oxygen content in the blood increased to normal level. Within 24 hours: the risk of myocardial infarction is reduced. Within 48 hours: the function of nerve endings gradually began to recover; Smell and taste are more sensitive to foreign substances. Within 72 hours: no more bronchospasm, greatly relaxed breathing and increased vital capacity. 2 weeks to a month; Stable blood circulation; Steady and light; Lung function improved by 30%. 1 to 9 months: symptoms such as cough, sinus congestion, fatigue and shortness of breath are relieved; New cilia appear on trachea and bronchial mucosa, and the function of handling mucus is enhanced; Less sputum, cleaner lungs, less chance of infection and higher energy reserve; The weight can be increased by 2 _ 3kg. 1 year: the risk of coronary atherosclerosis is reduced to half of that of smokers. Within five years: the mortality rate of lung cancer is lower than that of ordinary smokers (one pack a day), that is, from 1.37% to 0.72%, or close to that of non-smokers; The incidence of oral, respiratory and esophageal cancers dropped to half that of smokers; The incidence of myocardial infarction is almost reduced to the level of non-smokers. 10 years: precancerous cells were replaced by healthy cells, and the incidence of lung cancer dropped to the level of non-smokers; The incidence of cancer in oral cavity, respiratory tract, esophagus, bladder, kidney and pancreas decreased significantly. /kloc-within 0/5 years: the risk of coronary atherosclerosis is the same as that of non-smokers. Therefore, it is never too late to quit smoking, and it is best to quit smoking before your health is seriously damaged. A cohort study by British doctors shows that if smokers can quit smoking before the age of 35, the risk of dying from tobacco-related diseases is significantly reduced, which is almost the same as that of non-smokers