Luoyang was the ancient capital of 13 dynasty. There was a civilization about 5,000 years ago, and it was the capital of China as early as Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Subsequently, the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei, Western Jin Dynasty, Northern Wei Dynasty, Sui and Tang Dynasties all the way to the Later Jin Dynasty, and the history of Luoyang as the capital exceeded 1500 years.
After the Song Dynasty, due to years of war, the political, cultural and economic focus gradually moved eastward, and Luoyang gradually declined. There are too many stories in Luoyang in history.
Zhou Wuwang attacked Luoyang and joined forces in Jin Meng. Later, the Zhou royal family moved Jiuding, the legacy of Shang Dynasty, to Luoyang, and later Chu Zhuangwang won the Central Plains. Later, the Western Zhou Dynasty moved eastward and moved its capital to Luoyang. During the Han, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Luoyang, east, west, north and south, was still the battlefield for hegemony, and its position was very important.
The center of Luoyang is the small plain of Sanchuan Valley alluvial by Luoshui, Yishui and Yellow River. To the west are the mountains of Zhongtiaoshan, Yellow River, Yaoshan and Luoshui, and the only passages are Hanguguan and Tongguan, which lead to Guanzhong area. Songshan Mountain is in the east, and Hulao Pass (Surabaya Pass) is the pass to the east of Luoyang. There is only one road. To the south are Xiong 'er Mountain, Funiu Mountain and Yishui, among which Yi Que is just in the middle of Jiagu Valley, which is also a pass.
To the north is the Yellow River, which is difficult to cross. There are dangers to be defended in all directions, and the valleys criss-crossing rivers are also necessary conditions for agricultural production. This geographical situation is enough to make use of small-scale mountains and rivers for self-sufficiency.
Besides, Luoyang's position on the world chessboard. The smaller geographical units around Luoyang are Hanoi, Hanguguan-Tongguan, Huaihe River Basin and its tributaries. In fact, it is already within the scope of Henan Province. The periphery is Guanzhong, Shanxi, Hebei, Nanyang and Jiangnan. Luoyang, with its superior geographical position and extending in all directions, is naturally the center of the unified dynasty.
However, during the separatist period, Luoyang seemed to have risks to defend, but in fact, it was in the center of the whole chessboard in the world, and there was no danger to defend at all. Heroes from all sides attacked each other in Heluo area. From the Middle East to Luoyang, Jingxiang went to Luoyang in the north, Pengcheng went through Luoyang in the west, and Shanxi crossed the Yellow River to Luoyang in the south. It is precisely because of these Luoyang's repeated battles and defeats.
Crossing the river from Luoyang to the north is the Hanoi area (now the area north of the Yellow River in Henan and south of Taihang). Hanoi can reach Jiyuan in the southwest of Shanxi Province via Taihang No.8 Road, with Taiyuan in the southwest and the Yellow River in the west as Guanzhong area. On the contrary, the Guanzhong area can also reach Hanoi. At that time, Tian Lei led Qin Jun to defeat South Korea in Hanoi, thus dividing the connection between Xinzheng (now Zhengzhou), the capital of South Korea, and southeastern Shanxi.
Shangdang officials were unwilling to surrender to Qin and Zhao, which triggered the battle of Changping (now Gaoping City, Jincheng City). Between Hanoi and Taihang Mountain, there are Taihang Mountain and Bletilla striata, both of which lead to the southeast of Shanxi. Qin blocked Taihang Mountain and divided South Korea. To the north of Hanoi is Hebei. From Luoyang to Hanoi, Hanoi can go to the southwest of Hebei Province and the southeast of Shanxi Province, all of which are traffic arteries.
To the west of Luoyang is Hangu Pass, and the Eastern Han Dynasty also built a pass in today's Xin 'an area, called Hangu Pass, which is still a long way from Qin.
This road goes straight to Tongguan. If Tongguan is broken, there is no danger in Guanzhong. Guanzhong region strives for hegemony to the east, and other forces attack Guanzhong, mostly from Hanguguan Tongguan.
After the Northern Expedition and the occupation of Luoyang by Emperor Wu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he also advanced from Tongguan to Guanzhong and later Qin. The Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty rose in Hebei Province, and marched straight into it, occupying Luoyang. Tongguan is the quickest route from Luoyang to Chang 'an, so the rebels in An Lushan defeated the famous Ge outside Tongguan and went straight to Chang 'an, scaring Emperor Xuanzong to flee everywhere. On the other hand, Guanzhong, as a land of mountains and rivers, occupied Luoyang and had an expansion route. In the early Tang Dynasty, Luoyang was besieged, and Dou Jiande, Hebei Province, was defeated outside Hulao Pass, which initially unified the North.
From Luoyang to the east, Hulao Pass is the elevation, Xingyang and Kaifeng. After Liu Bang occupied Pengcheng in the early Han Dynasty, Xiang Yu accidentally recaptured Pengcheng, and his wife, children and father were all captured by Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu chased all the way. At this time, Liu Bang's strategy was to retreat to Luoyang with Guanzhong as the rear and defend the pass of the elevation area (now Xingyang West) positively. Harassing the rear of Xiang Yu from the north and south wings.
This road goes straight to Tongguan. If Tongguan is broken, there is no danger in Guanzhong. Guanzhong region strives for hegemony to the east, and other forces attack Guanzhong, mostly from Hanguguan Tongguan.
After the Northern Expedition and the occupation of Luoyang by Emperor Wu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he also advanced from Tongguan to Guanzhong and later Qin. The Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty rose in Hebei Province, and marched straight into it, occupying Luoyang. Tongguan is the quickest route from Luoyang to Chang 'an, so the rebels in An Lushan defeated the famous Ge outside Tongguan and went straight to Chang 'an, scaring Emperor Xuanzong to flee everywhere. On the other hand, Guanzhong, as a land of mountains and rivers, occupied Luoyang and had an expansion route. In the early Tang Dynasty, Luoyang was besieged, and Dou Jiande, Hebei Province, was defeated outside Hulao Pass, which initially unified the North.
From Luoyang to the east, Hulao Pass is the elevation, Xingyang and Kaifeng. After Liu Bang occupied Pengcheng in the early Han Dynasty, Xiang Yu accidentally recaptured Pengcheng, and his wife, children and father were all captured by Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu chased all the way. At this time, Liu Bang's strategy was to retreat to Luoyang with Guanzhong as the rear and defend the pass of the elevation area (now Xingyang West) positively. Harassing the rear of Xiang Yu from the north and south wings.
In the end, the elevation area formed a confrontation between East and West. In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, eighteen princes gathered in Hulao Pass to attack Dong Zhuo, the son of heaven. Dong Zhuo sent Lu Bu to guard Hulao Pass, and the story of the Three British Wars against Lu Bu happened. However, in the history, the governors of all walks of life in Kanto stayed put, each with its own ulterior motives. Only Sun Jian fought with Dong Zhuo's army many times in Luoyang, and won a great victory, forcing Dong Zhuo to retreat to the Guanzhong area to the west, and set fire to Luoyang when Dong Zhuo left.
In the East-West separatist war, Hulao Pass was the front line, Xuzhou and Huaibei were in the east, Luoyang was in the west, and Guanzhong was behind Luoyang. In the early Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong defeated the queen in Luoyang and surrounded Luoyang City. Dou Jiande, Hebei Province, sent an urgent message to the King of Hebei, and confronted Tang Jun in Luoyang East Hulao Pass.
Jing Ling, a subordinate of Dou Jiande, put forward the countermeasures, that is, he entered Shangdang in southeast Shanxi from the estuary and then attacked southwest Shanxi. And Tang Jun in the main force, the king besieged in Luoyang, can take PuJin pass from southwest Shanxi, Tang Jun in order to take care of the safety of the guanzhong, will certainly withdraw, then the siege of Luoyang is naturally solved.
Finally, Dou Jiande didn't take this move, and then he fought with Tang Jun outside the Tiger Prison, and was hit by mistake. Dou Jiande's Hebei army was finished, and Luoyang was isolated and occupied by Tang Jun. At this time, Tang's influence spread to Guanzhong, Hebei, Shanxi, Henan and other places, and the northern part of China was basically unified.
The separatist forces in Jianghuai area and Jingxiang area were surrounded, which laid the foundation for the unification of the Tang Empire. Luoyang can pass through Xiangyang area in Nanyang to the south and reach Huainan along the upper reaches of Huaihe River system (now southeast of Henan) to the east.
Because it is located in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River system, it can attack and retreat, and it can defend and defend, which is very beneficial to the troops in the southeast of Pian' an. The Wu regime in the southeast fought against Wei many times in Hefei, and there was no way to go further north. One way for the southern forces to want the Northern Expedition is to send troops from Jingxiang to Nanyang and attack Luoyang.
"Longzhong Dui" wrote, "If the world changes, order a general to lead Jingzhou troops to Wan and Luo, and the general will lead Yizhou people out of Qinchuan." All the way from Sichuan to Hanzhong is to attack Guanzhong, and the other is the marching route from Xiangyang to Nanyang to Luoyang. (The general Liu Bei chose was Guan Yu, but it was a pity that Jing Xiang was occupied by the attack of Soochow. In the Northern Expedition in the following years, all the people who sent troops to the Northern Expedition wanted to attack Luoyang all the way or take Wuguan to enter the customs. (Liu Bang went to Wuguan before Xiang Yu).
Luoyang is the center of the world because of its geographical advantages. When the world is at peace, Luoyang is naturally a rich and developed place; When the world is in chaos, Luoyang is also vulnerable to attacks from around. Throughout the ages, there is no invulnerable city. It is better to be aggressive than to defend against risks. Those who have no intention to unify the world and have a peaceful corner will not be able to maintain their favorable position even if they capture Luoyang. The hero who aims at sweeping Liuhe can unify the world after occupying Luoyang.