Urbanization of key words; New citizen education; Problems; path
Author brief introduction Chen Hongyu, a teacher of Sichuan Vocational and Technical College.
Urbanization not only means the transformation from rural population to urban population and rural land to urban land, but also means the transformation from rural lifestyle to urban lifestyle and the transformation from agricultural economy to urban mass production. A large number of migrant workers flow to cities and become a new generation of citizens. The quality of new citizens has become the key to integrate into urban life. In the process of rapid urbanization, the education of new citizens deserves our in-depth study.
First, the problems faced by the education of new citizens in the process of urbanization
In the process of urbanization, rural migrant workers at all levels show a trend of youthfulness. The new citizens' own cultural level is not high, some people are content with the status quo, and their willingness to learn is insufficient; Even if some people want to receive relevant education, the high cost of education leads to excessive economic burden. In addition, the education of new citizens still has the following problems.
(A) the problem of skills learning
The education level of most new citizens is only in the compulsory education stage, and the learning of professional skills is almost zero. In today's fast social transformation and increasingly industrialized society, many new citizens are faced with the problem of learning new skills.
After new citizens apply to work in the production line of the factory, they generally only participate in short-term surprise training conducted by enterprises according to the actual needs of production. In this way, you only know how to do the distribution work, but you can't master and understand the relevant basic knowledge and professional skills systematically, comprehensively and in detail, which is not conducive to the improvement of personal ability and the cultivation of innovation ability of enterprises and industries. When new citizens participate in the skills training organized by enterprises or related schools, they all reflect that there are different degrees of problems in learning foundation, learning methods and learning content. Large-scale, unified school-based teaching or enterprise-based training can hardly take into account the actual situation and needs of each learner. At the same time, the lack of fixed study time and high training costs also affect the participation of new citizens in skill learning to some extent.
(B) Quality education
From rural areas to cities, new citizens have not only changed their living environment, but also changed their lifestyles. It is unrealistic to copy the traditional rural family education and lifestyle, values, cultural literacy and moral quality cultivated in daily life to cities. Due to the huge number of new citizens and uneven quality, a series of social problems have emerged, such as the contradiction between urban natives and outsiders, the contradiction between gangs with their hometown as a team, and the extreme behavior caused by excessive psychological inferiority. These problems have both historical and cultural reasons and practical reasons. Many new citizens have long working hours, heavy tasks and low pay. By constantly running for their lives, they ignore the improvement of their comprehensive quality. Some new citizens have no awareness of improving their overall quality at all. Nowadays, all kinds of education for new citizens tend to emphasize skills over quality, which objectively leads to some social contradictions.
(3) Pre-school education
With more and more new citizens in cities, some young new citizens are no longer willing to leave their children at home to take care of the elderly like the older generation of migrant workers. They are more willing to take their children and find a kindergarten to send them to school in the city where they work, which has caused the increase of preschool children in cities to some extent. However, at present, the resources of preschool education in cities are relatively scarce, and there is a big gap between more and more school-age children and almost no expanded education places. Although the emergence of some private kindergartens and nursery classes has alleviated this problem to a certain extent, the uncertainty of education quality and concerns about education safety still plague the preschool education of Xiaoxin citizens.
Education of the elderly
Today, the material level has been greatly improved. There are not only some old generation migrant workers who have been working outside the home, but also some new citizens with relatively loose economy. They also have the idea of bringing the elderly to the city to support the elderly. Some new citizens also bring old people to live in the city in order to let their parents take care of their children nearby. At present, the problem of aging in China has attracted more and more attention from the society. However, as new citizens of the city, some of these old people have the need for re-employment, while others have the need to enrich their old age. However, due to the particularity of their own knowledge and skills, it is difficult to meet the needs of attending universities for the elderly or attending general vocational training courses. Therefore, how to make the elderly among the new citizens get proper education is also a difficult problem for educators at present.
Second, the path choice of new citizen education in the process of urbanization
China in transition is inseparable from the construction and contribution of new citizens, and the education of new citizens in the process of urbanization should also receive more attention and support from all walks of life. Improving the skill level and comprehensive quality of new citizens is of great significance to the harmony and stability of cities, the efficient innovation of industries and the development and prosperity of the country. For the problem of the lack of professional skills and low socialization quality of new citizens, all sectors of society should create conditions, effectively guide and teach students in accordance with their aptitude, and accelerate the process of new citizens' socialization in an orderly and healthy manner. In the concrete implementation, we can choose a variety of ways to improve the comprehensive quality and professional skills of new citizens: we can not only strengthen the education of new citizens in the existing teaching system, but also use community resources and modern information technology (such as distance education) to improve the education level of new citizens.
(A) in the traditional education to strengthen the education of new citizens.
Vocational education and higher vocational education in traditional education can provide new citizens with better skills and knowledge, and TV universities, night schools and training courses at all levels in the city can also supplement the relevant skills and knowledge of new citizens to some extent. In view of the fact that some new citizens are unwilling to continue their studies, the society and schools should increase publicity efforts to make new citizens realize the importance and necessity of systematic learning. At the same time, in specific teaching, it is not appropriate to force new citizens to arrange learning content and specify plans. They should fully understand their existing knowledge and skills, hobbies and specialties, and discuss their learning direction and degree with new citizens. In specific teaching, on the one hand, we should pay attention to the cultivation of professional skills, avoid being divorced from reality and achieve success in learning; On the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of new citizens' comprehensive quality so that they can better integrate into urban life.
(2) Strengthen the education of new citizens in community education.
The education of new citizens is faced with the problems that traditional education can't solve, such as poor learning foundation, great individual differences, wide age distribution and great economic pressure. At this time, community education can meet the needs of new citizen education to a certain extent.
The entry threshold of community education is relatively low, and new citizens can avoid the fear of difficulties and inferiority caused by low foundation by participating in relevant training organized by community organizations. At the same time, community learning is generally taught in small classes, with flexible time and short education cycle, which can alleviate the economic pressure brought by new citizens' participation in continuing learning to some extent. Community education can provide skills training for related industries and posts according to local specific conditions. At the same time, after the completion of the training, the trainees with better training effect can even help them find jobs, and can also train new citizens to serve the community according to the actual situation of the community, thus truly realizing order-based training. In addition, in communities where the life and work of new citizens are concentrated, preschool education and old-age education for new citizens can be carried out in a targeted manner. Reduce the charging standard, strengthen cultural education, pay attention to the differences between rural areas and cities, and strengthen ties. This will accelerate the urbanization process of new citizens and alleviate a series of social problems to some extent. Community education strengthens the quality education of new citizens. Because of its close interpersonal communication and rich organizational forms, community education can also be beneficial to the corresponding comprehensive quality education of new citizens. We can educate the new citizens in ideological quality through seminars, speeches and discussions, and improve their cultural quality through reading newspapers and performing. In addition, we can organize new citizens to participate in some community voluntary activities in their spare time to gradually improve their comprehensive quality.
(C) to strengthen the education of new citizens in distance education
Distance education based on network is not only low cost, but also not limited by time and space, which plays an inestimable role in improving the professional skills of new citizens.
Distance education can teach students in accordance with their aptitude and carry out "personalized teaching". Distance education is rich in resources, flexible in learning time and self-determined in learning pace, which is very suitable for new citizens to study in their spare time. With the inspiration and help of the computer teacher, the new citizens can master the learning method by themselves through the keyboard, which can be fast or slow, can be necessary or unnecessary, can be difficult or easy, and can watch it as many times as they want, thus achieving better teaching results. In addition, distance education can be used to improve the systematic education of new citizens. With the improvement of comprehensive quality and professional requirements, some new citizens have the need to systematically study professional knowledge and obtain corresponding technical titles and degrees. Distance education can well meet the needs of new citizens' systematic learning, and can provide national certified professional titles and degrees after new citizens complete the corresponding learning. This has greatly improved the education system of new citizens and created a good goal and platform for more new citizens to participate in continuing learning.
References:
[1] human modernization and its path choice in the process of urbanization in China [J]. Research on continuing education, 2010 (10):166-168.
[2] Hao Yuan. Constructing a distance education mechanism for training a new generation of migrant workers [J]. Adult Education, 2010 (11): 31-32.
Editor in Charge/Ma Zien