Normal people's nails are smooth, smooth and translucent, showing a uniform reddish color. It will fade and turn white when pressed, and turn red quickly when released. The tip of female nails is slightly curved, and there is a half-moon gray-white nail arc at the root of nails, which adds beauty to the nail surface. Changes in the shape, luster and color of nails can reflect the health of the body.
(A) Judging from the shape of nails
Standard nail: Generally, the width-length ratio is the best. It shows that the congenital inheritance is good and the body is relatively healthy.
Long nails: Generally, the ratio of three to five widths is classified as long nails. People with long nails have good thinking ability, sensitive sensibility, easy to do things according to their own feelings and hobbies, good at artistic temperament and engage in mental work. This kind of people's physical condition is often not optimistic, thin, prone to respiratory and digestive diseases, dizziness, headache, insomnia and other symptoms.
Short nails: generally four wide and four long, or even shorter. This kind of heart, liver and lung function is poor, and it is easy to suffer from diseases such as heart disease, neuralgia and rheumatic joint pain.
Hard nails: These nails indicate a lack of protein. Hard, brittle and easily broken nails indicate digestive system problems or malnutrition.
Soft nails: Soft and thin nails indicate chronic wasting disease, liver blood deficiency, and lack of energy.
Atrophic nail: the afferent nerve with this nail is too sensitive and reacts strongly to various stimuli, often showing malnutrition.
Hypertrophic nails: People with this kind of nails often feel dull, prone to quadriplegia, susceptible to cold, and have a history of low back and leg pain.
Long nails: People with such nails are prone to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, such as tracheitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis and myocarditis.
Short nails: People with these nails are prone to coronary heart disease, diabetes, neurasthenia and other diseases.
Narrow nail: People with nails of this shape have poor physique, but strong disease resistance and tolerance.
Olive nail: People with this kind of nail often suffer from atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertension, cerebral thrombosis, brain tumor, myelopathy and other diseases.
Fan-shaped nail: this kind of nail is narrow at the bottom and wide at the top, and its fingertips are curved. Most people with scalloped nails are naturally strong. They have good physical fitness and strong endurance since childhood, but they tend to ignore their health. Adults or the elderly are prone to duodenal ulcer, cholecystitis and even liver disease.
Finger nail: It looks like an animal claw nail and is a symbol of tuberculosis.
Round nails: People with round nails look strong and seldom get sick. This kind of person is very insensitive to diseases, and it is difficult to realize the abnormal condition of his body. So once they get sick, they are often very serious. Ulcer bleeding, pancreatitis, cardiac insufficiency and even cancer are most likely to happen to them.
Flat nails: People with this kind of nails are prone to tuberculosis of lymph nodes and throat diseases, such as pharyngitis, laryngitis and acute suppurative tonsillitis.
Pendulous nail: the middle part of the nail body is raised, and the root of the nail tip is pendulous from beginning to end. This kind of toenail suffers from respiratory diseases.
Bent nail: the nail body bends in the front pole direction, which is called upturning. Such people suffer from spinal cord diseases or alcoholism and rheumatism; A body bends downward at the front pole, which is called downward bending. Such people are prone to cardiovascular diseases, qi stagnation and blood stasis or calcium deficiency.
Vertical nail: there are vertical lines on the nail, which are easy to break. Most people with this kind of nails have poor heart function or weakened intestinal peristalsis. There are many vertical stripes on the thumb nail, which may be caused by partial eclipse.
Lily-shaped nails: nails are long, with obvious middle protrusion and curved around, shaped like lily pieces. This kind of nail is more common in women and its shape is the most beautiful. However, most people with this kind of nails have been seriously ill since childhood, especially those who are prone to digestive system problems and blood system diseases.
The back of the nail is high upward, while the periphery of the nail is curved downward, showing an arc-shaped nail: this shape of nail may indicate emphysema, tuberculosis, cardiovascular disease, ulcerative colitis and cirrhosis.
Nails are sunken, flat or spoon-shaped: this is related to iron deficiency anemia, syphilis, thyroid diseases and rheumatic fever.
(2) From the color of nails,
White: the nail bed is pale, which means that the blood is insufficient. White moist is mild, white withered is dull and rough, and it is seriously ill. Pale nails are seen in anemia, malnutrition, liver cirrhosis, chronic colitis, nail biting, Raynaud's disease, pulseless disease and so on. Part of leukonychia can be seen in tuberculosis, nephritis, lymphosarcoma and cancer. Spotted white nails (one or several white spots or white clouds or white sheep of different sizes appear on the deck), which are manifested as digestive system diseases, malnutrition, zinc deficiency, syphilis and so on.
Red: the nail bed is red, indicating the syndrome of qi and blood heat. Those who are ruddy are slightly ill, and those who are red and withered are seriously ill. Bleeding of nail bed also belongs to red nails. If there is spindle-shaped longitudinal linear bleeding on the free edge of the nail, it can be seen in coagulation dysfunction, drug allergy, subacute endocarditis and so on.
Yellow: the color of nail bed is yellow, indicating damp-heat fumigation. Huang Liang suggested that the illness was mild and the course of disease was short. Dark yellow indicates a serious illness and a long course of disease. Yellow nail can be seen in hepatobiliary diseases, hemolysis, hypothyroidism, chronic adrenal insufficiency, nephrotic syndrome, carrots and anemia.
Cyan: blue nail bed, indicating cold syndrome, blood stasis, pain syndrome and convulsion. Found in hypoxia or using adipine and phenolphthalein. Withering after a long illness indicates that liver qi will fail and the prognosis is poor.
Blue: indicates that the liver is affected by pathogenic factors and blocked by blood stasis. Modern research has found that oral chloroquine, Hexapine and hemochromatosis, hepatolenticular degeneration, nitrite poisoning, hypoxia and Lithospermum can lead to cyanosis.
Purple: It means myocardial hypoxia, arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol), and if ear lines appear, it means hypertension and coronary heart disease.
Gray: nails are gray, mostly caused by lack of oxygen, more common in smokers; For non-smokers, nails suddenly turn gray, most likely suffering from onychomycosis. At first, the edge of the nail will itch, and then the nail will lose its luster and turn gray, such as onychomycosis.
Black: The nail bed is black, indicating cold syndrome, blood stasis and pain syndrome. After a long illness, black nails appear and wither, suggesting that kidney qi will be exhausted and the disease is dangerous. One or several thin black vertical lines appear on the nail surface, suggesting endocrine disorders, which can be seen in menstrual disorders, dysmenorrhea, malignant tumors, radiation sickness and so on. After receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy for cancer, each course of treatment can form a black mark on the nail, and each course of treatment has a circle record.
Brown: common in acanthosis nigricans, adrenal hypofunction, or oral phenolphthalein, antimalarial drugs, etc.
Red and white nail: the distal nail is reddish brown, and the proximal deck is glassy white with clear boundaries, which is common in azotemia of liver cirrhosis.
(3) Look at the luster of nails
A healthy person's nails must be very shiny and uniform, just like a piece of smooth glass, and they should be beautiful pink. Once the nail changes, it means that some parts of the body have changed and should be paid attention to.
1. Jiaze is getting brighter.
There are two different situations of nail polish: one is that the whole nail is as bright as oil, and the nail is thinner, which is more common in patients with hyperthyroidism, diabetes and acute infectious diseases; In addition, there are blocks or strips of light on the nails, not the whole nail, which are mostly related to pleurisy and ascites.
2. Uneven gloss
Nail gloss: uneven, which can be displayed on different nails or in different parts of the same nail. If the front end of each nail is shiny and the root is dull, there may be chronic bronchitis and cholecystitis; If only some nails are uneven in luster, it suggests that there are some chronic injuries and inflammation in the body.
tarnish
If the whole nail is like ground glass and has no luster at all, it means that there are some chronic wasting diseases in the body, such as tuberculosis. This can also happen to patients with serious wasting diseases, such as liver abscess, lung abscess or long-term chronic bleeding.