Hand is the "diplomatic organ" of human body, which plays a leading role in all people's "foreign affairs activities", such as doing all kinds of work, taking out garbage, brushing spittoon, washing feet, wearing shoes and cleaning stools. Therefore, hands are easily infected with many pathogenic microorganisms. Scientists have made such a survey that an unwashed hand contains at least 40,000 to 400,000 bacteria. Nail seam is a good place for bacteria to hide. One nail seam can hide as many as 3.8 billion bacteria. So, my hands are dirty. Moreover, when traveling, visiting and studying, and performing tasks, hands often touch some items and get dirty. In particular, patients with infectious diseases and people who look healthy but actually have viruses in their bodies often spread pathogenic microorganisms to various articles and appliances. When a healthy person touches his hand, pathogenic microorganisms will reach you. If you don't wash your hands before and after meals, you will bring bacteria into your mouth and eat them in your stomach. This is what people often say: "Bacteria come from hands and diseases come from mouth." Therefore, it is necessary to develop the habit of cutting nails and washing hands frequently before meals, after defecation and after work.
Washing hands can remove bacteria and eggs attached to hands. Washing your hands with running water can remove 80% bacteria from your hands. If you wash your hands with soap first and then with running water, you can wash 99% of the bacteria off your hands. When washing hands, be careful that several people should not use the same basin of water to avoid cross-infection and spread diseases to each other for more than 15 seconds.
Second, don't spit or throw your nose:
Phlegm is a viscous liquid secreted by respiratory tract, which is excreted by coughing. Everyone knows how to spit, but not everyone has a good way to spit. Some people don't pay attention to the environment, spit everywhere, and throw their noses all over the floor, which not only affects hygiene but also harms their personal image. Some so-called "health lovers" spit sputum on the ground and wipe it with shoes worn on their feet, thinking that even if there are no traces of sputum, it will not hinder hygiene and health. I don't know that sputum contains millions of bacteria, viruses, fungi, mycoplasma and so on. Especially people with respiratory diseases, such as tuberculosis, influenza, meningitis and so on, have more bacteria and viruses in their sputum. If you spit on the ground and the sputum is dry, bacteria will fly into the air with the dust, and healthy people may get respiratory diseases by inhaling such dust. So we should form a good habit of not spitting. Sputum should be spit in the spittoon, which should be scrubbed regularly every day. Where there is no spittoon, the spittoon should be wrapped in waste paper and thrown into the wastebasket or dustbin to avoid spitting and maintain the hygiene of public places.
Third, don't cough or sneeze at others:
It is not surprising that coughing and sneezing are normal physiological phenomena of human beings. However, sneezing in front of others or food without paying attention to the occasion is an unhealthy and impolite bad behavior. According to the survey, a cough can produce 20,000 tiny droplets, and a sneeze can eject nearly 654.38+0 billion droplets. Moreover, the speed of droplet ejection is very fast, and it can fly 4.6 meters in less than 1 s, and it can fly 9 meters with the wind. The nasal cavity and throat are one of the places with the densest bacteria and viruses, and the sprayed droplets contain a lot of bacteria and viruses. A sneeze can spit out 85 million bacteria. These tiny water droplets can float in the air for a long time, 30-60 minutes in a windless room, and up to 30 hours. After the water in the water drops evaporates, bacteria and viruses fly with the dust, which continues to endanger people's health.
Personal hygiene knowledge of primary school students keeps their hair clean. Your hair may become a habitat for bacteria or fleas, worms or other parasites. Keeping your hair clean, smooth and neatly trimmed can avoid these dangers.
Keep your hands clean. Bacteria on hands can contaminate food and infect wounds. Remember to wash your hands after touching anything that may carry bacteria, after going to the toilet, after taking care of patients, before touching any food, utensils or drinking water. Keep your nails clean and tidy. Don't put your fingers in your mouth.
Keep your clothes clean. Try to keep clothes and bedding clean, reduce the chance of skin infection and reduce the chance of parasite breeding. When the coat is dirty, it should be cleaned in time, and underwear and socks should be changed every day. If there is water shortage, you should wash it with "air" (shake the clothes a few times and then put them in the air and sunshine for two hours). Sleeping bags should be turned over and shaken for ventilation after each use.
Keep your teeth clean. Clean your mouth and teeth thoroughly with toothbrush and toothpaste at least once a day. If you don't have a toothbrush, you can find a twig about 20 cm long and 1 cm wide and make a "chewing stick". Chew one end of it to separate the fibers from the branches. Then, clean your teeth thoroughly with this chewing stick. Another way is to wrap your fingers with a clean cloth and wipe off the food residue on your teeth. You can also brush your teeth with a little sand, baking soda, salt or soap. You can also floss with thread or fiber to clean your teeth and maintain oral hygiene.
If you have a hole in your tooth, you can temporarily fill it with candles, tobacco, pepper, toothpaste or tooth powder and ginger. Before filling a tooth, rinse your mouth or remove the residue to ensure that the cavity is clean.
Take care of your feet. In order to prevent foot problems, try on shoes before going out. Wash your feet and trim your nails every day. Shoes should be padded with insoles, and socks should fit and be dry. Rub foot powder every day to check whether there are blisters on your feet.
The content of health education for primary school students is 1. Dress neatly every day and clean the red scarf at least twice a week.
2, do four diligence: diligent bathing, diligent haircut, diligent dressing, diligent nail cutting; Manicure once a week, male students cut their hair once a month, and female students can't bang their eyebrows.
3, pay attention to reading and writing habits: the eyes are one foot away from the book, the body is one punch away from the table, and the hand is one inch away from the nib.
4. Pay attention to eye hygiene: don't read in strong light, don't read in a walking car, don't read while lying down, and don't rub your eyes with dirty hands.
5, don't eat food without health protection, especially food sold by unlicensed vendors around the school, because they don't have a health permit, the source of food is not clear, and it is not clear whether there are infectious diseases. Therefore, students should never eat these foods without health protection, so as not to suffer from digestive tract infectious diseases. Peels, scraps of paper and food packaging bags thrown by classmates are often found at the gate of our school, which affects the image of the school. So please don't litter, and the school will step up inspections. Once discovered, it will be exposed. Don't eat unclean food or drink raw water.
6. Wash your face with running water in the morning and evening, and don't share towels, washbasins and other items with others.
7. Insist on proper physical exercise every day, enhance physical fitness and maintain good and abundant energy.