First, the survey object
(1) Investigate the village. Villages are selected according to Chuanshui, Qianshan and Naoshan in agricultural areas, including Xiaoshagou Village, a giant town of Chuanshui, and Kongjiazhuang Village, Dongchuan Town. Xiadiaogou Village, Bajin Village, Nalong Village, Xitan Township and Shangyintan Village, Yin Tian Township in Qianshan Qingshizui Town; Ma Lian Township Guala Village, Naoshan, Quankou Town Xiheba Village. The pastoral area chose Deqian Village in Xianmi Township and Dezong Village in Zhugu Township. Dongtan Village in Huangcheng Town and Dongtan Village in Sujitan Township were selected as demonstration areas.
(2) survey households. On the basis of the selected villages, 3 households were selected according to family income, and 108 households were investigated, including 72 households in agricultural areas.
Second, the survey data and analysis
According to the typical survey data, the per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen in 2007 was 2900 yuan, including 2709 yuan for farmers and 588 1 yuan for herders. Divided by upper, middle and lower incomes, the per capita income of farmers is 3,680 yuan for top-level households, 2,799 yuan for middle-level households and 158 for low-income households.
(1) Farmers' farming income accounts for 365,438+0.5% of the total income, and their expenditure accounts for 38.8% of the total production cost. In the survey, it was found that the greater the proportion of traditional farming income to total income, the lower the per capita net income. For example, the farming in Guala Village in Ma Lian Township and Nalong Village in Xitan Township accounted for 5 1.8% and 5 1% of the total income respectively, and the per capita net income was only 1.864 yuan and 2,074 yuan, which was lower than the county average of 2,380 yuan. However, Kongjiazhuang Village in Dongchuan Town has optimized the planting structure, further increased the use of excellent varieties, improved the disaster resistance of crops, and significantly increased the income from introducing characteristic agriculture. For example, planting special vegetables (sweet and crisp beans) can earn more 500 yuan-700 yuan per mu than ordinary grain and oil crops. The per capita income reached 2959 yuan, which was 58.7% and 42.7% higher than that of Guala Village and Nalong Village respectively.
(2) There is a contrast between farmers' income from animal husbandry and farmers' income from agricultural areas. The income from animal husbandry accounts for 37.8% and 88.2% of the total income of farmers in animal husbandry and agricultural areas respectively. The investigation shows that the animal husbandry demonstration area in our county is dominated by animal husbandry, supplemented by planting, and the complementary structure of planting and breeding greatly reduces the breeding cost, shortens the slaughter period, and has flexible management methods and more remarkable economic benefits. Animal husbandry in the development zone is mainly based on natural grassland stocking, and green feed raw materials are mostly purchased, which increases the breeding cost, the management mode is primitive and the economic benefits are average. The proportion of farmers' animal husbandry income in agricultural areas is generally low. For example, the proportion of animal husbandry income in Xiheba Village of Quankou Town only accounts for 26% of the total income. The main reasons are narrow grassland, poor infrastructure conditions, small breeding scale and low commodity rate; The livestock income of farmers in agricultural areas accounts for a relatively high proportion of the total income. For example, Bajin Village in the rural area of Beishan and Xiaoshagou Village in Haomen Town rely on the advantages of dairy processing enterprises in the county to sell milk, and their income is ideal. Dairy farming in Guala Village, Ma Lian Township has begun to take shape, and the processing and sales of milk skin and yogurt have enhanced the added value of livestock products.
(3) The secondary and tertiary industries are the weak links in the economic development of agricultural and pastoral areas in our county. According to the investigation, the development of animal husbandry in Deqian village of Xianmi township is difficult because of insufficient grassland. Some herders rent or contract grasslands and livestock to engage in secondary and tertiary industries.
(4) Wage income has become the main support point of the county's net income and the highlight of increasing farmers' income. Villages with a per capita net income of more than 3,000 yuan in rural areas, such as Xiaoshagou Village in Haomen Town and Kongjiazhuang Village in Dongchuan Town, account for more than 55% of the total income. The survey found that the income of organized and purposeful migrant workers is high and stable, while the income is low and unstable. For example, in Xiadiaogou Village, Qingshizui Town, migrant workers account for nearly half of the village's labor force. Most of them find their own way out and go out on their own, and their per capita income is far less than that of organized workers.
(5) The survey data of property transfer income are basically consistent with the data provided by finance, agriculture and animal husbandry departments, mainly focusing on direct grain subsidies and returning farmland to forests and grasslands.
Third, the characteristics of income growth of farmers and herdsmen.
(1) The income of migrant workers has increased substantially. The rapid development of labor economy has become the main source of income increase for farmers and herdsmen in our county. With the further deepening of the market economy, the ideas of farmers and herdsmen have gradually changed from the traditional concept of relying on the weather and single industry to the concept of diversification and specialization, and their understanding of the transfer of surplus labor force and its development prospects has been deepened. At the same time, with the increasing investment in fixed assets in our county, the capital construction projects such as roads and small towns are increasing, the employment opportunities of farmers and herdsmen are increasing year by year, and the rapid development of labor economy has promoted the growth of wage income of farmers and herdsmen in our county.
(2) The income from agriculture and animal husbandry has increased substantially. Agriculture and animal husbandry production has become the fundamental guarantee for farmers and herdsmen to increase their income. In recent years, with the continuous introduction of the national policy of benefiting farmers, the enthusiasm of farmers and herdsmen to develop production has been greatly mobilized. In addition, climate warming is very beneficial to the agricultural production in our county, which has been well developed and the commodity rate has been greatly improved. At the same time, in 2007, the prices of agricultural products continued to rise steadily, and farmers and herdsmen's families benefited greatly from the price increase. The increase of sales volume and price provides a guarantee for the income growth of farmers and herdsmen, and greatly increases the contribution of primary industry income to the income growth of farmers and herdsmen. The per capita income reached 1677 yuan, accounting for 57.8% of the net income.
(3) The transfer income increased rapidly. The in-depth implementation of various national policies to benefit farmers has effectively promoted the income growth of farmers and herdsmen. Since 2004, the state has successively introduced a series of preferential policies, such as direct grain subsidies, subsidies for improved varieties, and subsidies for the purchase and renewal of large-scale agricultural machinery and tools, which have benefited grain farmers. In addition, policy factors such as subsidies for returning farmland to forests and grasslands, exemption from agricultural and animal husbandry taxes, "two exemptions and one subsidy" for children of rural families, and rural cooperative medical care in recent two years have significantly increased the transfer income of farmers and herdsmen, showing the actual effect of various national policies to benefit farmers in promoting farmers' income.
Four, the current restrictive factors of income growth of farmers and herdsmen in Menyuan County
(1) Poor infrastructure and insufficient stamina for income growth. In agriculture, due to weak infrastructure and natural disasters, the growth space of grain and oil output per unit area is limited; In animal husbandry, although the number of livestock in our county reached a record high in 2007, the quality of livestock is not high, the total amount exceeds the limit, the contradiction between livestock and grass is prominent, and it is difficult to improve the economic benefits of animal husbandry. It can be seen that it is very difficult to drive farmers and herdsmen to increase their income for a long time simply by relying on the existing resources of agriculture and animal husbandry. 30% of the farmers and herdsmen surveyed need greenhouses to support the development of aquaculture. For example, farmers in Xiadiaogou village of Qingshizui town fatten cattle and sheep in self-built simple sheds, which are small in scale, lack of scientific feed preparation technology, long in fattening cycle, high in cost and low in benefit. Cattle and sheep fattening should not only scientifically match feed, but also grasp the market supply and demand information to maximize the fattening value of cattle and sheep. Therefore, it is urgent for governments at all levels to guide farmers and herdsmen to raise livestock scientifically and smoothly.
(2) Low education level affects long-term development. In the survey, less than 95% of the labor force has a junior high school education, and even fewer people know farming techniques. Although our county has increased the skill and technology training in recent years, the training time is short, the practice opportunities are few, and the number of high-level technicians is almost zero, which fails to reflect the corresponding human resources value. Because of their low education level, migrant workers do not know how to protect their rights and interests, and the phenomenon of being cheated often occurs.
(3) backward ideas and slow development. According to the investigation, Dezong Village in Zhugu Township still sticks to the traditional concept of breeding for the sake of breeding, rejects some new breeding methods and management concepts, fails to transform existing resources into economic benefits, and the contradiction between livestock and grass is prominent.
(D) The difficulty of seeing a doctor is still the main factor restricting the development of farmers and herdsmen. In the investigation, it was found that although the new cooperative medical system in agricultural and pastoral areas was implemented throughout the county, some medical expenses were reimbursed. However, due to the high self-funded expenses, some farmers and herdsmen are poor or return to poverty due to illness, and the difficulty in seeing a doctor is still an important factor restricting the development of farmers and herdsmen, especially poor households.
(5) Village cadres are poorly paid and lack enthusiasm. According to the survey, the low remuneration of village cadres has affected the development of village economy. Some young, educated, skilled and leading talents are unwilling to be village cadres. Even village cadres are only honorary cadres, and they cannot play the role of village-level organizations in leading the masses to seek development and progress.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Suggestions on increasing the income of farmers and herdsmen
(1) Guide farmers and herdsmen to go out to work and increase their labor income. With the strong support and active guidance of governments at all levels and relevant departments, the export of surplus labor force in agricultural and pastoral areas of our county has developed well in recent years, but there is still a certain gap compared with other areas. Make full use of the policies of the CPC Central Committee on migrant workers, and actively organize and guide the surplus labor force in rural and pastoral areas to go out for employment. Relevant departments at all levels should strengthen the skills training of surplus labor in rural and pastoral areas, do a good job in multi-level and multi-channel organization training, improve the skills and legal awareness of migrant workers, and expand the scale and grade, thus increasing the labor income of farmers and herdsmen.
(2) Accelerate the industrialization of rural and pastoral areas and increase the wage income of farmers and herdsmen. Leading enterprises in agriculture and animal husbandry are the main channel to absorb surplus labor in rural and pastoral areas, an important pillar to develop the economy in rural and pastoral areas, and an important place for farmers and herdsmen to increase their income. At present, a gap between the income of farmers and herdsmen in Menyuan County and economically developed areas lies in leading enterprises. Combined with the reality of our county, the development of leading enterprises should first take the development of agricultural and livestock products processing industry as a breakthrough, focus on the industrialization of agriculture and animal husbandry, do a good job in the deep processing of characteristic agricultural and livestock products and transform them into value-added products. Secondly, the intensive processing of agricultural and livestock products should focus on the processing of rapeseed, meat, eggs, milk and local products. In the process of intensive processing, it is necessary to establish the concept of fine products and brands, produce pollution-free and low-residue green and safe food, and continuously improve the quality and popularity of products. At the same time, we should actively introduce capital, technology and management experience to promote and ensure the healthy development of leading enterprises.
(3) Actively promote the construction of small towns in rural pastoral areas and adjust the economic structure in rural pastoral areas. To get rich, farmers and herdsmen must first reduce their number. Judging from the situation in recent years, the income of farmers and herdsmen in our county has been hovering, mainly because the development of small towns in rural pastoral areas is very backward, which limits the development of secondary and tertiary industries in rural pastoral areas. It is necessary to speed up the construction of small towns in rural pastoral areas, promote the development of non-agricultural industries in rural pastoral areas, accelerate the transfer of population from rural pastoral areas to small towns, increase the proportion of urban population, and accelerate the process of urbanization in rural pastoral areas. It is necessary to lower the threshold for farmers and herdsmen to enter cities, relax the household registration management policy, and improve various social security systems, especially the education, employment, housing and other systems that are related to the vital interests of farmers and herdsmen. Encourage farmers and herdsmen to start businesses in cities, strengthen policy guidance for the development of secondary and tertiary industries, promote the development of secondary and tertiary industries of farmers and herdsmen's families, invigorate the circulation of commodities in rural pastoral areas, activate the market in rural pastoral areas, and enrich the material and cultural life of farmers and herdsmen.
(four) continue to maintain the steady growth of the income of the primary industry and improve the scientific and technological content of agriculture and animal husbandry. Judging from the current situation, the income of primary industry in rural and pastoral areas of our county occupies an absolute dominant position in the total income, and the improvement of the income level of farmers and herdsmen in the county mainly depends on the sustained and healthy development of agriculture and animal husbandry. At present, the development and utilization of agriculture and animal husbandry resources in this county are still extensive, and the ability to resist natural disasters is poor, and the infrastructure of agriculture and animal husbandry has not been well improved, which has a direct negative impact on maintaining the sustained and stable growth of the income of the primary industry. Therefore, it is necessary to further improve the understanding of the basic position of agriculture and animal husbandry, put agriculture and animal husbandry in the first place in developing the national economy, establish a distribution pattern based on feeding back agriculture, and increase investment in agriculture. First of all, it is necessary to increase investment in agriculture and animal husbandry infrastructure, including farmland water conservancy construction, ecological protection construction, barn construction and market system construction in rural and pastoral areas, so as to enhance the ability of agriculture and animal husbandry to resist natural disasters and reduce market risks. Secondly, it is necessary to increase investment in the construction of public facilities for agriculture and animal husbandry, including drinking water, electricity, roads, communications, etc., so as to create a good external environment for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry and increase the income of farmers and herdsmen. Third, it is necessary to increase investment in science and technology in agriculture and animal husbandry, improve the scientific and technological content of agricultural and livestock products, realize the fundamental change of the growth mode of agriculture and animal husbandry from a single, quantitative and extensive management mode to a diversified, scientific and technological and quality management mode, increase output, optimize structure and improve quality, and achieve the purpose of increasing income.