1 Basic principles of structural design of high-rise buildings
1. 1 Optimization principle of structural scheme
Before building construction, it is necessary to work out a reasonable building structure scheme for building construction. Architectural scheme is a very necessary link in building construction, which guides the whole building construction. The formulation of architectural structure scheme requires a detailed understanding and analysis of the location environment and surrounding environment of the building, so as to have an accurate grasp of the location of the building. In addition, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the characteristics of economy, technology and construction, and work out the most reasonable construction scheme.
1.2 Rationalization principle of calculation chart
High-rise civil buildings must ensure the stability and safety of the building structure and avoid all potential safety hazards. At this time, it is necessary to calculate the building structure accurately, and to digitize the building structure plan, it is necessary to ensure the correctness of the figure. Careful selection of calculation formula, once the calculation formula is wrong, will have a serious impact on the calculation results, thus affecting the safety of building construction, and even there will be many security risks in future use.
1.3 Accuracy principle of result analysis
In the current social life, the application of computers is more and more extensive. Computers bring great convenience to data processing. In the process of building structure scheme design, the computer can be reasonably applied, and the data needed for building structure scheme can be accurately calculated by using the powerful data analysis and calculation function of the computer. This computer calculation method can make up for the shortage of manual calculation by staff and ensure the correctness of the building structure scheme.
2 Characteristics of structural design of high-rise buildings
2. 1 control index
There are great differences between high-rise buildings and grass-roots buildings. Because of the different floors, the emphasis is different when making the floor plan of the building structure. Among them, structural lateral displacement is an important design factor in high-rise buildings, and the control range of structural lateral displacement must be paid attention to when formulating structural schemes.
2.2 Axial deformation
Axial deformation is a very important factor in building structure design. In the construction of high-rise buildings, if the vertical load value increases, the vertical frame may produce relatively large axial deformation, which will destroy the bending distance of continuous beams and affect the overall structure of the building.
2.3 horizontal load
Horizontal load is a very important factor in building structure design. In the design of building structure, the axial force caused by vertical load is proportional to the first power of the total height of the building, and the overturning force caused by horizontal load and the axial force caused by vertical members are also proportional to the second power of the total height of the building. In other words, if the building height increases, this value will also increase, which has a great impact on the whole building structure.
3 high-rise building structural design should pay attention to the problem
3. 1 Pay attention to material selection
The structural design of high-rise buildings is based on the selection of high-quality materials. When choosing materials, we should try our best to choose materials that can withstand high strength, so as to effectively prevent buildings from collapsing in the event of another earthquake. The floor and the materials needed for the floor should be made of steel plate and concrete. The structure with long building surface needs to choose reinforced concrete and other materials, and choosing suitable materials can effectively improve the service life of high-rise buildings.
3.2 Selection of Plane Structure
If the selected plane structure belongs to a square structure, it can be based on the vertical structure, with a small upper part and a large lower part. This design can minimize the wind area above the building, thus ensuring the stability of the building. It is best to choose a streamlined and smooth shape, which can reduce the wind pressure shape coefficient of the building.
3.3 Pay attention to the choice of structural system
The choice of structural system should be carefully considered. Generally speaking, shear wall structure system is a common structural system in high-rise buildings, which plays a very important role and can improve the seismic capacity of high-rise buildings. Not only that, but also meet the aesthetic requirements of users.
3.4 Pay attention to conceptual design
In the design of high-rise buildings, the support of high-rise building concept is indispensable. The architectural scheme must conform to the architectural design concept, and it should also conform to the architectural design concept in the process of drawing construction drawings. In addition, the architectural concept should also be involved in the on-site construction service process. Generally speaking, the structural design of buildings must meet the following requirements: (1) The layout of buildings should be regular; In the process of choosing the construction site, we should choose the site with strong earthquake action and avoid the places with poor earthquake conditions to improve the seismic strength; Ensure the safety and stability of high-rise buildings.
3.5 Pay attention to seismic design
The design of high-rise buildings is different from ordinary buildings. The main reason is that the height of high-rise buildings is larger than that of ordinary buildings, and their ability to bear other forces is different, and their response to earthquake intensity is also different. Therefore, in the design of high-rise buildings, we must attach importance to seismic design. In the seismic design of engineering buildings, we must carefully investigate the topographic and geological conditions in the building and choose hard land with relatively high seismic strength. If you choose loose soil, it is not conducive to earthquake resistance, and the soil layer changes greatly in loose areas, so it is difficult to grasp the changes of soil layer, and many obstacles will be encountered in the earthquake resistance process.
3.6 The most commonly used calculation method for structural analysis of high-rise buildings under elastic assumption at this stage is the elastic assumption calculation method, which is widely applicable and simple. Most building structures will show elastic state under the strong action of wind load and vertical load, and this assumption method can show the actual working situation. However, this method also has some limitations. When encountering natural disasters such as typhoons or earthquakes, there will be some fault problems and large displacements. The working state is elastic-plastic, so it is not suitable to use elastic method to calculate.
4 conclusion
High-rise buildings can alleviate the urgent problem of urban land reduction, maximize the use of land resources, and also promote the three-dimensional sense and aesthetic feeling of urban buildings. High-rise building is not a simple project, which requires relevant designers to have a high technical level and to master enough professional technical theoretical knowledge. In addition, architects must understand the legal provisions and clauses to ensure the safety of architectural design, so as to improve the overall quality of architectural design, reduce the economic cost of architectural design, and design comfortable, healthy and beautiful urban buildings.
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