Lead: Green residence is a new residential model based on the principle of sustainable living between man and nature and the principle of efficient utilization of resources, which can make the material and energy system inside and outside the residence virtuous circle, without waste and pollution, and realize energy self-sufficiency to a certain extent.
People's demand for residential buildings can be summarized into three aspects: first, complete functions, second, beautiful vision, and third, concentrated energy. The research on how to meet the requirements of the first two aspects in design has gradually matured after years of attention and reference to the research results at home and abroad, while the research on the third aspect is just in the awakening and initial stage. It takes a period of exploration and practice to design a house with good energy concentration.
First, the meaning of residential energy gathering
The so-called residential energy gathering is similar to the geomantic omen in ancient China and Hong Kong and Taiwan today. Some researchers call it the physical field effect of architecture. No matter what name it is, the actual content it contains can be expressed in the following simple language:
Buildings provide space for people to use. When the structure is enclosed to form a space, a relatively independent physical field is formed: on the one hand, it affects the flow and distribution of internal energy, on the other hand, it affects the flow and distribution of environmental energy, and the result of the joint action of the two acts on people, resulting in the physical field effect of buildings. As a relatively independent physical field in the universe, when man lives in a building, he will be obviously influenced by the physical field of the building containing him. The residence with stable energy gathering effect strengthens the physical field energy of orderly people. On the other hand, it will make people in an insoluble state of pressure and dissipate the energy of human physical field. After this effect is accumulated for a period of time, people's psychological state, emotional state, hobbies, physical condition, intelligence level, especially the constructive and creative ability to transform the environment and innovate will change obviously.
In our country, the old people all know that a house with good feng shui can make the family harmonious, popular and prosperous; On the contrary, there will be disputes between right and wrong, family separation and family decline. In this phenomenon, people's own factors play an important role, and also reflect the influence of building energy field on people's lives. Architects with a keen sense of space can often have an intuitive experience of the stress state of the space field, while residents who lack architectural literacy often need to live for several years before they can reflect on the energy field effect of the building after the adverse effects have formed. In fact, the simplest and most easily perceived criterion is the vitality of users: the households with good energy gathering effect are getting stronger and more energetic; On the contrary, users are weak and have no energy to do things.
M- T human beings gradually mature in the process of creating a better life and begin to explore and create things that are beneficial to their physical and mental health? Green? Living environment, including green food, green clothes, green buildings and so on. Really? Green building? It should not only refer to buildings with low pollution and low energy consumption. Whether the building has a stable and good energy gathering effect and whether it is beneficial to people's physical and mental health should be measured. Green? Judge a person. Because only when the building really benefits people, its building resources can be regarded as achieving good utilization efficiency.
Compared with other building types, because of the universality of housing construction and close correlation with life, green housing design is particularly important. This requires designers to pay special attention to housing? Green design? Strive to build the ideal home of the Chinese nation-green home.
Second, the influencing factors of residential energy accumulation
The energy-gathering effect of buildings reflects the degree of coincidence between the physical field of the physical environment and the field demand of people in this environment. The basic activities of people in residential buildings are relatively stable, so we only need to investigate the physical field of the physical environment to study their energy accumulation. There are many factors that affect the physical field of residential physical environment. This paper only talks about personal experience from the aspects of the scale and form of indoor space, the layout and spatial structure of apartment, the relationship between courtyard enclosure and street, and the choice of materials. Further research needs colleagues in the construction industry to explore and practice.
(A) the size and shape of the room on the impact of energy concentration
1. room area standard. With the commercialization of housing, the living area is getting bigger and bigger, which is very big, but not very big. In one step? The master bedroom generally covers an area of 20㎡, and the larger one is 35㎡. This 20-30㎡ bedroom is not necessarily good, but it must be bad. The abbot of an ancient temple in China, as the host of the temple, lived alone in a room. What is the room area? Abbot? -65438+ 100㎡, which is the best measure of energy concentration in a single bedroom. Modern residential bedrooms can learn from this standard, and the maximum area of double bedrooms should not exceed 16m2. Generally speaking, the bedroom area is between 6 ~ 16m2. If it is too small, it is difficult to incorporate energy; if it is too large, it will cause energy dissipation.
The basic dimensions of various rooms in a house should be:
Family living room:12 ~ 22m2 Bedroom 6 ~12 ~ 22m2.
Kitchen: 6 ~ 10m2 bathroom: 4 ~ 6m2 1m)
Storage room: 4m2 Study room: 6 ~14m2 (10m2 is the best).
Living room: 14 ~ 22㎡ (it can be increased according to lifestyle and the number of parties).
The improvement of residential grade and total area standard can be achieved by refining the functional composition, such as adding workshops, nanny rooms, baby rooms, piano rooms, tea rooms and Buddhist temples. Its size should be based on 10m2, and it should be increased or decreased according to the specific situation.
2. The proportion of room area. The scale ratio of each room should be selected synchronously according to the suggested values listed in the above table, and it should not be too rigid. A small bedroom in the lobby? For example, a 22㎡ hall and a 6㎡ bedroom will cause energy imbalance and the effect is not good.
3. The space form of the room. The room with sloping roof has better energy gathering effect than the room with flat roof, and the energy gathering effect of each floor of multi-storey residential building with sloping roof is better than that with flat roof.
(b) The influence of apartment layout and spatial structure on energy concentration.
At present, the popular design is that opening the door is a fairly large hall. In this hall, energy is not gathered. On the contrary, you can walk a long way after entering the door, and then enter an open and bright hall with strong energy. However, simple corridor traffic is a waste of area and needs to be coordinated by design means. The plane shown in figure 1 is a typical example of good coordination: it not only avoids the waste of pure flow, but also creates energy to move to the channel and gather energy in the hall.
General layout should follow the following principles:
There is a whole or partial central axis in the apartment and the symmetrical relationship between the central axes. The hall is on the central axis, with the axis as the center, and other rooms are symmetrically arranged, with energy gathering.
The bedroom should be arranged in the south. Although you go to work during the day and only enter the bedroom at night, you must also make the bedroom face south. Because the energy of the bedroom in the north direction is not concentrated, living in the bedroom with no energy concentration is not conducive to people's health. The order of sunshine demand of each room is: bedroom-study-living room-dining room-kitchen-bathroom-bathroom. Among them, the closed bathroom without direct light has better energy gathering effect than the bathroom with direct light. )
3. Don't put the toilet on the central axis, don't put it deep in the house, as far away from the door as possible.
A house with a window on one side is very conducive to energy gathering.
5. Balcony can be used to enhance indoor energy: open balcony does not affect indoor energy, but glass closed balcony can enhance indoor energy. On the premise of coordinated ventilation and lighting, the bigger the balcony, the better. If the north-south direction of a house is closed by a glass balcony, the indoor windows can be floor-to-ceiling windows. ), indoor energy can be increased by 4 ~ 5 times. But this balcony should not be opened from the bedroom and kitchen, which will affect the energy of these two types of rooms. A good door should open from the living room to the south and from the dining room to the north. In short, with these two things: a fully enclosed balcony with full coverage and a large floor-to-ceiling window in the room, can you calculate creation? Safe greenhouse? Living in this kind of house will ensure the prosperity of the family, even if the feng shui in this area is a little poor.
From the vertical space? Heaven and earth? Are not suitable for living, higher than the ninth floor, poor energy, lower than the first floor, poor concentration. Multi-storey house, no more than nine floors? Small high-level? The energy gathering effect is better than that of high-rise residential buildings.
(3) The influence of courtyard enclosure and street relationship on energy accumulation.
Courtyard fence. According to? Holography? Principle: The well-defined independent division can holographically reflect all the information of the whole, and the well-defined courtyard can greatly enhance the energy of the house. The boundary can be the building itself, a fence or a semi-closed structure such as a colonnade.
What if we refer to the development of traditional quadrangles? Hospital suite? Pattern: the outer courtyard building has 4 floors, which are used for commercial services, rental offices and serviced apartments; The inner courtyard building has 7 floors in total, which is a private residence for the unit. Are there any similarities between the inner court and the outer court? Hanging flower door? Separation. This kind with internal and external partitions? Polymerization? Buildings are more dynamic than ordinary Sanhe quadrangles.
The energy gathering effect of courtyard enclosure is not only closely related to the form of courtyard and the degree of boundary definition, but also related to the spatial scale and shape of courtyard itself, the degree of line of sight enclosure and the organization of walking route.
2. Street relations. The location of the house and the surrounding street relationship have great influence on the energy field of the house. Generally speaking, the residential energy near the busy street is poor, and the residential energy in the pedestrian street is strong, but if the cross-section form is suitable, the residential energy gathering effect can be better. For example, buildings along the street in traditional European cities: the shops below protrude into the street, generally 2-3 floors, with colonnades on the ground floor, and the houses above retreat, generally 5-6 floors, but only 7 floors at the highest. This kind of interface relationship is much better than the common treatment of colonnade with commercial use but not prominent at the bottom, or with prominent but not prominent at the bottom.
In addition, the square near the house also has a great influence on the energy field of the house, because in the whole physical environment of a city, single buildings or courtyards are like cells, streets are like meridians, squares are like acupuncture points, and the energy gathered by acupuncture points will spread between cells, so the square is very important for the energy gathering of the city. Generally speaking, the scale of a square without enclosure should not be too large, and the bigger it is, the less it will gather gas; The leisure square formed when the street expands or occupies a part of the block should be clearly defined, surrounded by colonnades, and there is a considerable amount of greening, so that even the downtown area will cause safety and tranquility, which can drive the residential energy of the whole block to gather. Comparatively speaking, Sophia Church Square is a successful model, while some squares in Dalian that only pursue landscape effects affect the energy gathering of cities and blocks.
(d) The influence of material selection on energy accumulation
Building materials, especially decoration materials, have obvious influence on the energy accumulation of residential buildings. The general rules of material selection are: natural materials are superior to synthetic materials; The closer the molecular structure and density of artificial materials are to the human body, the better. The whole material is better than the subdivision. Because people live in a house, just like a baby in a mother's arms, mother's clothes should be as natural as possible, so that the baby will have a sense of ventilation and warmth.
As far as outdoor decoration materials are concerned, stone paint, exterior wall paint and other overall walls are superior to those with ceramic tiles. As far as interior decoration materials are concerned, polymer condensation products such as plastic wallpaper, polyester paint, crystal paint and Dulux which are too dense and delicate are not suitable. Ordinary paint is stronger than these materials. Although ordinary latex paint is toxic at first, it is stronger after drying. White ash is the best paint from the energy point of view, because its structure is closer to the human body. Generally speaking, the more natural and less processed materials are, the more comfortable they are, but the less likely they are to remain hygienic and durable. How to improve the durability of natural materials without changing their basic structure? Green? Problems to be solved urgently in interior decoration.
The order of floor decoration materials is solid wood-floor leather-floor-cement floor, and the order of wood is Korean pine-white pine-miscellaneous wood-willow. Although the visual effect of the floor is good, it is not as good as the whole floor leather because it is too finely divided to form a smooth channel for digesting the bioelectric voltage of the human body.
From the energy point of view, every piece of furniture in the room is equivalent to a friend of the occupant, so we should pay attention to the choice of furniture materials? Wood? Good wood such as Korean pine and walnut. The former is soft and warm, and the latter is resolute and resolute. By contrast, carpenters call it? Big sex? Willow is like a bad-tempered person, so it is not suitable for making furniture. In addition, independent and complete furniture can provide more energy than embedded wall cabinets.
The above summarizes the influencing factors of residential energy concentration. With the construction of theoretical system, the improvement of research methods and experimental methods, and the joint efforts of designers and users, further research will be carried out step by step. With the arrival of ecological civilization, fetishism, which excessively pursues visual effects and ignores human feelings, even plunders the environment and rejects human beings in order to show wealth and technical ability, will gradually be replaced by people-oriented and all-for-all methods. Discussion on good energy gathering effect? Green? Design should be an important topic in the field of architectural design in the era of ecological civilization.
;